Abstract：Tunnel construction will cause surface deformation inevitably，which has a negative effect on the surface buildings. According to the construction practice of Wucunshan Tunnel in Xiamen Airport Road，the effect of tunnel construction on the surface masonry buildings is analyzed through field monitoring and finite element simulation. The results show that the excavations of tunnel face CRD1–4 have the most important influence on building settlement. Tunnel excavation has little influence on the building under compact construction，and vice versa. The grouting pressure and grouting amount must be strictly controlled in the construction process. It is better to grouting slowly rather than fast，which can ensure the uniform uplift of the whole building. The most obvious response of building under uneven settlement occurs at the bottom story；and its ability to resist down concave deformation is stronger than that to upper convex deformation. The cracks are mainly distributed around the door and window openings in the longitudinal wall at first floor，developing slantwise along the side of smaller settlement to the side of larger settlement. Moreover，the development of the cracks aggravates with the increase of the differential settlement，and vice versa.
