Abstract: This article studies two different forms of iron (EDTA- Fe (III) and ferric citrate) in five kinds of common buffer solution (Na₂CO₃ buffer, Tris-HCl buffer, PBS buffer, citric acid buffer and Hepes buffer) catalysis H₂O₂-NO₂⁻ to cause protein nitration and lipid peroxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), so as to explore the influence of buffer solution and the choice of catalysts on protein nitration and lipid peroxidation. The results show that EDTA-Fe(III) and ferric citrate can effectively catalyze H₂O₂-NO₂⁻ to lead protein nitration and lipid peroxidation of BSA in all the five buffer solutions. Protein nitration was the highest in Na₂CO₃ buffer, while lipid peroxidation was the highest in Tris-HCl buffer. In different buffer, the degree of protein nitration and lipid peroxidation was different, which indicated that the buffer has an effect on protein nitration and lipid peroxidation. In the same buffer solution, protein nitration and lipid peroxidation of BSA caused by EDTA-Fe(III)-H₂O₂-NO₂⁻ were different with by ferric citrate -H₂O₂-NO₂⁻. It shows that the choice of catalysts also influent the protein nitration and lipid peroxidation.