The purpose of software fault location is to use program information and test cases to find the statements that lead to the failure of the program, so as to improve the security and robustness of the program. Firstly introducing the common single fault location technology and the existing multi-fault location technology, and comparing the differences between them, then introducing the common set of test cases, and listing some methods to test and evaluate the efficiency of fault location technology. At last, the paper summarizes the existing fault localization technology and puts forward the prospect of the future research direction.