A new type of optical centering automatic measurement device was designed for the lack of planar array charge-coupled devices or black-and-white linear array charge-coupled devices as image sensors for optical alignment devices. The measuring device consists of an N-type self-emission target, an optical lens, a color line array charge-coupled device, a processing circuit, an FPGA, and a power supply module. Two-dimensional position measurement was performed by using color line array charge-coupled devices and N-type self-emission targets to work together. Through experiments, it was verified that the device can distinguish between useful target signals and interference signals when it is operated in open air environment and reflected light and other strong interference. This paper focuses on the advantages of the image sensor of the color linear array charge-coupled device and the size design of the N-type self-luminous target. Finally, the experimental verification and error analysis of the measurement accuracy of the new photoelectric centering device were carried out. In this design, the selection of the image sensor uses black and white linear array CCDs and color linear array CCDs for experimental verification. The accuracy in the X-axis direction is ±0.649mm≤1.597mm; the accuracy in the Y-axis direction is ±1.176mm≤3.940mm. The experimental results show that when a color line array charge coupled device is used as an image sensor, the anti-interference performance is strong, and the measurement result is accurate and stable.