| 摘要: |
| 驻留偏好可以衡量滨水公共空间的
品质。以黄浦江12个典型滨水公共空间为样
本，筛选要素类型和水平，建立理想模型，采
用可视化SP法，结合层次分析法和离散选择
模型，分析休闲步行者对滨水公共空间的驻
留偏好，得出关键影响要素和水平。结果显
示，高差过渡方式、文化设施配置、广场与
餐饮位置等偏好均与经验预判存在差异。因
此，以行为需求为基准，“自下而上”地从滨
水空间分配、水岸分界形式、驻留空间布局
和公建与设施配置等方面逐级提出开发导向，让滨水公共空间能够真正地契合实际行为需求。 |
| 关键词: 滨水公共空间 驻留偏好 影响要素 开发导向 可视化SP法 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210113 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室开
放课题（2020010203） |
|
| Lingering Preference Influence Factors and Development Orientations of Waterfront Public SpacesBased on the Visualized SP Method: Taking Huangpu River Waterfronts of Shanghai as Examples |
|
YANG Chunxia,LIANG Yu,YE Yu
|
| Abstract: |
| In 2019, Shanghai proposed to build the Huangpu River into “the concentrated
exhibition area for the development level of an international metropolis”. Comparing to this
goal, the Huangpu River waterfront still has a certain gap in creating urban vitality. Although
the 45-kilometer waterfront public spaces on both sides of the Huangpu River have been
successfully connected, there are still some sections that lack vitality. The users’ lingering
preference can measure the quality of the waterfront public space, and a longer stay also means
a vibrant waterfront area.
Based on the typical cases along the Huangpu River, this research establishes an ideal
model, uses visual stated preference method (SP method) to study the lingering preference
of leisure walkers influenced by the waterfront public space, identifies the key elements
and their influence degrees, and thus provides reference for the refined development and
renewal of the Huangpu River waterfront. First, through on-site investigations along the
Huangpu River, 12 typical waterfront public spaces are selected as samples, and each is
divided into the near-hinterland part, the middle part (including the flood control standard
base surface and the transition base surface) and the near-water part. Then, based on the
on-site investigations, the analytic hierarchy process is used to screen out the types and
levels of elements that affect the lingering preference. The SPSS statistical software is used
to generate the orthogonal design level combination table, and the Sketch Up modeling
software is utilized to establish the ideal models. As a result, 11, 12, and 7 spatial elements
of the near-hinterland, middle, and near-water parts are screened out; 126, 160, and 62
waterfront public space models of the above three parts are obtained by simulation; 63, 80
and 31 comparing scenes of three parts are composed. In addition, the comparison scenes
are formed by the combination of axonometric drawing and data records, and the results of lingering preference selection are collected through questionnaire surveys. Finally, using Excel, Nlogit4 and other software, it performs
statistical calculations, analyzes the preference of leisure walkers lingering in the waterfront public space, and obtains the key influencing
factors and levels.
The research results show that, in general, the lingering attraction of the middle part is the strongest, the near-hinterland part is the weakest;
the influence of space design elements on people’s lingering preference is greater than that of facilities. Separately, the near-hinterland part: the
utility increases when the depth of base surface increases; only the scarp can improve the lingering preference among different transition modes
to meet the base elevation gap; people prefer the forest or tree pool among different lingering space types; in terms of facilities, restaurants with
outdoor dining area attract more people to linger, high-density seat facilities can improve people’s willingness to linger, while leisure cultural
facilities and sports facilities have little influence. In the middle part, the transition base surface with large depth can promote lingering; slope,
ladder and platform can promote people’s willingness to linger; people prefer the forest or tree pool, then followed by tree array and lawn; facility
elements, catering facilities arranged on the flood control standard base surface can attract people to linger most, and sports facilities can improve
people’s lingering preference. In the near-water part, the enclosed linear overhanging greatly improves the lingering willingness, followed by
the facial and vertical overhanging; the concave and convex bank can promote lingering; lawn and flower bed have similar effects on lingering
preference; the large density of formal seats promotes lingering. The results of supplementary scenes show that lingering preference varies
according to the area density of lingering people, and the medium density (3.0%) is the most attractive.
There are some differences between the research results and empirical predictions: the slow transition method is not suitable to the near-
hinterland part, the squares are not preferred in the near-hinterland and middle parts; the straight shoreline widely used in practice is not very
popular, dining facilities are not more popular the closer to the water; cultural facilities are less effective; formal seats are less attractive.
Thus, based on the actual needs of users, waterfront development orientations are “bottom-up” proposed from four aspects of waterfront
space allocation, shoreline form, lingering space layout and public building and facility configuration. It may let the real waterfront leisure
life-style guide the waterfront design and development. |
| Key words: Waterfront Public Space Lingering Preference Influence Factor Development Orientation Visualized SP Method |
