| 油气微生物勘探理论与技术研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 汤玉平,许科伟,顾磊,杨帆,高俊阳,任春,王国建.油气微生物勘探理论与技术研究进展[J].石油实验地质,2021,43(2):325-334. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汤玉平 许科伟 顾磊 杨帆 高俊阳 任春 王国建 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院 无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏 无锡 214126 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(41202241,41872126);中国石化科技攻关项目(P11058,P14042,P16047)联合资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 在油气藏中轻烃微渗漏机理的基础上，开展了油气微生物勘探技术研究。油气藏中的轻烃部分（C1—C5）以微渗漏的形式穿过其上方的地层，在近地表土壤中引发了专门以轻烃为食的微生物的发育，因此含油气区地表的微生物在浓度、种群和结构方面，都跟下伏无油气藏的地区有所区别。通过分析这些异常特征，可以对油气富集区及油气藏进行研究和预测。近年来，开展了一系列技术与理论探索，建立了分子生物学检测方法，实现了从油气指示微生物数量向群落结构、群落演替规律的研究，建立了群落解析技术。持续三年的人工模拟结果表明，不同烃类组分驯化下微生物及群落结构出现明显差异性和响应关系，发现的菌种与实际油气藏上方的高度一致，为微生物勘探提供了理论支持。针对不同地理条件、不同油气藏类型的油气区样品，进行了环境条件、油气地球化学与油气微生物类群分布的相关性研究，分析了油气藏地表土壤样品原位的微生物特征，初步构建了我国主要含油气盆地油气指示菌数据库。应用研究表明，地表微生物异常与油气藏位置呈现较好的关联性，在各种不同类型油气藏上方微生物异常都能很好地体现油气藏的“生理体征”。结合石油地质和地球物理资料，油气微生物勘探技术可以有效预测有利油气富集区，具有良好的勘探应用前景。由此提出了下一步油气微生物勘探九大发展趋势和方向。
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| 关 键 词： | 微生物勘探 微生物群落 数据库 人工模拟 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-22 |
Recent progress in the theory and technology of microbial prospecting for oil and gas |
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| TANG Yuping,XU Kewei,GU Lei,YANG Fan,GAO Junyang,REN Chun,WANG Guojian.Recent progress in the theory and technology of microbial prospecting for oil and gas[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2021,43(2):325-334. |
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| Authors: | TANG Yuping XU Kewei GU Lei YANG Fan GAO Junyang REN Chun WANG Guojian |
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| Affiliation: | Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China |
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| Abstract: | Microbial prospecting for oil and gas(MPOG)is a surface exploration technology derived from the principle of light hydrocarbon micro-seepage from oil and gas reservoirs.The light hydrocarbons(C1-C5)in oil and gas reservoirs permeate the overlying sedimentary layer in the way of micro-seepage,which induces the growth of microorganisms specializing in the consumption of light hydrocarbons in near-surface soil.As a result,the microbial concentration and community structure in oil and gas areas will be different from that without underlying oil and gas reservoirs.By analyzing the abnormal characteristics of microbial concentration and community structure,the oil and gas enrichment areas and oil and gas reservoirs are predicted.In recent years,the research team has established sample acquisition and pretreatment techniques for different geomorphology and surface types,and combined with traditional culturing and molecular biology methods,the precise diagnosis of oil and gas from the perspective of both hydrocarbon indication microorganism quantity and community structure is realized.The artificial simulation results lasting three years show that there are obvious differences and responsive relationships between the microorganisms and community structure under the acclimation of different hydrocarbon components.The strains found are consistent with the actual oil and gas reservoir,providing a theory basis for microbial exploration.In addition,the correlation among environmental conditions,hydrocarbon geochemistry and hydrocarbon microbial group distribution was studied using different oil and gas reservoir types and different geographical conditions.The rule of microbial community in situ of oil and gas reservoir samples was analyzed,and a database of oil and gas indicators in typical oil and gas basins in China was preliminarily constructed.The results showed that the surface microbial anomaly was closely related to the location of oil and gas reservoirs,and can reflect the characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs of different types.Combined with petroleum geology and geophysical data,the microbial exploration technology can effectively predict the favorable enrichment areas of oil and gas.This paper also presents nine development trends of MPOG. |
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| Keywords: | microbial prospecting microbial community database artificial simulation |
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