| GSSAP卫星在轨应用研究与成像仿真分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王久龙,王锐,张鲁薇,陈新龙,陈维春,郭继唐,蔡盛.GSSAP卫星在轨应用研究与成像仿真分析[J].红外与激光工程,2023,52(4):20220759-1-20220759-11. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王久龙 王锐 张鲁薇 陈新龙 陈维春 郭继唐 蔡盛 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所，吉林 长春 130033 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院青年创新促进会会员资助项目（2019226）；吉林省产业技术研究与开发项目（2022C046-2） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对高轨抵近威胁在轨自主感知问题，总结归纳了地球同步轨道空间态势感知计划的发展历程、平台情况、轨道特性、任务操控、总体指标；分析了GSSAP (Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program)卫星的抵近观测成像模式，提炼出绕飞成像、掠飞成像在轨运行模式，深入研究了近年来GSSAP卫星两行轨道数据，结合我国高轨卫星的轨道信息，挖掘出GSSAP对我国高轨卫星的数十次潜在的抵近侦察活动；基于实测数据分析了GSSAP-4抵近实践-20卫星的整个过程，计算出二者的相对距离、太阳相位角等信息，在距离为10～133 km、太阳相位角为44.67°～134.37°的条件下，对GSSAP的光电载荷进行了成像效果仿真。结果表明：GSSAP对我国GEO (Geosynchronous Orbit)卫星执行了多次抵近监视，在口径为500 mm,F数为10，像元间距为6.5μm，像素规模为1 024×1 024，积分时间为20 ms时，GSSAP在顺光观测条件下，可以对目标进行高分辨率的精细化成像，能够看清目标的细节信息，对我国GEO高价值资产带来严重威胁。
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| 关 键 词： | 高轨态势感知 GSSAP卫星 抵近观测 绕飞成像 掠飞成像 太阳相位角 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023-02-15 |
On-orbit application research and imaging simulation analysis of GSSAP satellite |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China2.State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Changchun 130033, China3.Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective Geosynchronous orbit is a strategic location in space. It contains communications satellites, data relay satellites, electronic reconnaissance satellites, missile early warning satellites and weather satellites. With the continuous expansion of space mission scope, the application of GEO satellites has been extended to new space missions such as space-based situational awareness, acquisition of non-cooperative target characteristics, in-orbit control, rendezvous and proximity, etc. GEO region has gradually become the focus of attention of various countries, and related technologies have also become the forefront of international competition. In order to control this strategic area and ensure its superiority in space, the US military, supported by its military strategy, advanced technology and financial resources, has deployed a large amount of space offensive and defensive equipment. The United States Air Force put forward the Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program (GSSAP). Through close tracking and monitoring of high-value targets, it can master the mission function, configuration, performance indicators, activity rules and other information of each satellite, and understand the intention, process and effect, so as to strengthen the one-way transparency advantage of space posture. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the development history, platform condition, orbit characteristics, mission control and overall index of GSSAP satellite. Methods A portable imaging simulation process is built in this paper. GSSAP imaging simulation system includes target and background modeling, photoelectric sensor modeling, scene imaging generator (Fig.8). The event of GSSAP-4 close to Shijian-20 was selected as the research object (Fig.9). The phase angle and relative distance between GSSAP-4 and Shijian-20 satellite were calculated. The parameters of GSSAP electro-optical sensor were selected, with a 500 mm aperture (Tab.4). The imaging effect of GSSAP EO/IR sensor on Shijian-20 satellite was simulated (Fig.10). Results and Discussions The sun phase angle between GSSAP and the target was calculated, which is generally kept between 40° and 160° (Fig.7). At this time, the target was located in the down-light observation area of GSSAP, which can effectively avoid the influence of solar stray light on imaging. The sun phase angle and relative distance between GSSAP-4 and Shijian-20 satellite were calculated (Fig.9). The closest distance of them was 9.54 km. The imaging effects of GSSAP-4 were simulated at different distance and sun phase angle (Fig.10-11). At a distance of 10 km, the target body, solar panels and payload can be clearly seen. Conclusions In this study, the approach imaging mode of GSSAP satellite is analyzed, and the on-orbit operation mode of orbiting imaging and grazing imaging is extracted. The two-lines elements of GSSAP satellites in recent years were studied. Combined with the orbital information of Chinese high-orbit satellites, dozens of potential close-in reconnaissance activities of GSSAP for Chinese high-orbit satellites were found out. Based on the measured data, the whole process of GSSAP-4 close to the Shijian-20 was analyzed, and the relative distance and solar phase angle of the two were calculated. Under the conditions of distance of 10-133 km and solar phase angle of 44.67°-134.37°, the imaging effect of GSSAP electro-optical sensor was simulated. The results show that GSSAP has carried out multiple close-in surveillance of China GEO satellites. When the aperture is 500 mm, F number is 10, pixel pitch is 6.5 μm, pixel number is 1 024 pixel×1 024 pixel, and integration time is 20 ms, high-resolution fine imaging can be carried out on the target, and the details of the target can be clearly seen, which brings a serious threat to the high value assets of GEO in China. |
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