| 黏土矿物的结构性质及其对浮选的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋斯宇,顾帼华,王艳红,方天然.黏土矿物的结构性质及其对浮选的影响[J].矿产保护与利用,2020,40(2):43-50. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋斯宇 顾帼华 王艳红 方天然 |
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| 作者单位： | 中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南 长沙 410083 |
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| 基金项目： | 战略含钙矿物资源清洁高效利用湖南省重点实验室;中南大学研究生创新创业项目;湖南省自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 黏土矿物属于层状硅酸盐矿物，其中高岭石、蒙脱石是两类最为常见的脉石矿物，是矿物浮选分离的重大挑战之一。从黏土矿物结构和物理化学性质分析了其对浮选的影响及其机理，并综述了常见的黏土处理方法及其机理。由于黏土矿物的表面电性，当其分散在水中时会水化膨胀并剥离成为片层，组成不同的聚集体，改变矿浆流变性质从而影响浮选。黏土还会与其他矿物颗粒相互作用，造成细泥罩盖和机械夹带，影响精矿品位。为消除黏土矿物对浮选的不利影响，可采用预先脱泥、高剪切调浆、超声预处理等物理方法和添加黏土抑制剂、使用电解质溶液等化学方法进行处理。对黏土矿物在浮选中的影响和处理方法进行总结和展望，有利于为含黏土的矿石浮选理论及工艺研究提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 黏土 浮选 聚集体结构 盐水 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-02 |
The Structure Property of Clay Minerals and Their Effects on Flotation |
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| Affiliation: | School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China |
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| Abstract: | Clay minerals are phyllosilicate minerals, with kaolinite and montmorillonite as two typical common gangue minerals, which are the major challenges in the flotation of low-grade minerals. This paper analyzes the effect of clay mineral structure and physicochemical properties on flotation and the mechanism, and summarizes common treatment methods for clay ore in flotation and mechanisms. Because of the surface electricity, clay minerals dispersed in water will be hydrated, swell and finally peel off into layers. These layers will form different aggregations, which will affect flotation, clay minerals dispersed in water will hydrate, swell and finally peel off into layers, form different aggregates, which will affect flotation by changing the rheological properties of pulp. Clay minerals also affect the interaction between mineral particles, resulting in slime coating and mechanical entrainment. Physical methods of clay treatment include pre-desliming, high shear mixing, ultrasonic pretreatment, etc.; chemical methods include adding clay inhibitor and using electrolyte solution, etc. The effect of clay minerals in flotation and treatment methods are summarized, which is helpful to provide technical reference for the research of flotation technology with high clay content, and to put forward the future research content and direction in this field. |
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