| 基于金属有机框架材料设计合成锂离子电池电极材料的研究进展 |
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| 作者姓名： | 鲁建豪 薛杉杉 连芳 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院，北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51872026）；北京市自然科学基金资助项目（2202027） |
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| 摘 要： | 金属有机框架材料 (Metal-organic frameworks，MOFs）是一种新颖的多孔晶体材料，具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、结构可设计性强等优点，但是，MOFs的低电导率以及在电解液中的稳定性等问题限制了其作为电极材料的应用。近年来，如何结合MOFs的优势进行锂离子电池电极材料的设计与合成受到了越来越多的关注。目前，通过自牺牲得到的多孔碳骨架和金属化合物等MOFs衍生复合电极材料，不仅解决了电导率低的问题，而且保留了MOFs的高比表面积和复杂多孔结构，为锂离子的插入/脱出、吸附/解吸等过程提供了丰富的活性位点；与此同时，从结构单元和化学组成方面增加了材料结构的复杂性，开放性的孔隙结构可以缓冲体积膨胀带来的机械应力，对外来离子存储和多离子传输具有重要的意义。本文综述了MOFs及其衍生物在锂离子电池电极材料的设计和研究中取得的最新进展，重点阐述了针对锂离子电池电极材料的要求进行MOFs形貌控制和修饰的方法，以及具有多孔、中空或特殊结构的MOFs衍生电极材料的制备关键影响因素及其结构特性对电化学性能的影响。最后，分析了MOFs衍生电极材料的研究挑战和发展方向。
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| 关 键 词： | 锂离子电池 电极材料 金属有机框架 纳米多孔结构 循环寿命 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-12-29 |
Research progress of MOFs-derived materials as the electrode for lithium–ion batteries — a short review |
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| Affiliation: | School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Owing to their high surface area, excellent electrolyte permeability and ample diffusion pathways for charge transport, porous and hollow-structured electrochemically active materials attract more attention as the electrodes. In general, the process of template preparation method is used to achieve hollow structured materials over the last few decades. However, the complicated preparation process including removal of template and surface modification often results in poor uniformity, low reproducibility, and high cost of porous structure. Moreover, it incorporates functional chemicals with specific homogeneity and dispersity into the hollow porous intercrystalline structure. These problems hinder the development and application in energy storage and conversion devices of the diversified porous and hollow-structured materials. The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), consisting of organic linkers and coordinated inorganic clusters, appear as an excellent collection of porous crystal material series with high surface areas, high porosity, and tunable structures. However, their low conductivity and electrolyte instability limit the further use of MOFs in the field of LIBs. Recently, how electrode materials for Lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) are designed and prepare using MOFs has attracted more attention. The composite materials derived from MOFs including nanostructured porous carbons and metal oxide uaing self-sacrificial template synthetic route not only solves the problem of low conductivity but also maintains the high surface area and porous structure of MOFs, providing abundant active sites for insertion/deinsertion or adsorption/desorption; Furthermore, composite materials derived from MOFs increase the complexity of nanostructures in terms of structural units and chemical components. In particular, large pore volume and open pore structure are critical to loading guest species, accommodating mechanical strains and facilitating mass transport. In this paper, we briefly examined the production of MOF-derived materials for applications in LIBs. The optimization and modification of an MOFs morphology were implemented according to the electrode material requirement for LIBs. Moreover, the preparation of MOFs-derived electrode materials with porous, hollow, or complicated construction and their effects on electrochemical performance were described. Finally, the challenge and trend in production of electrode materials derived from MOFs were analyzed. |
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