| 临床外科手术中骨切削技术的研究现状及进展 |
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| 作者姓名： | 王震 宋晓菲 陈彤云 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.天津大学机械工程学院, 天津 300350 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目51875404天津市自然科学基金资助项目18JCYBJC19700 |
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| 摘 要： | 对骨切削研究中的骨切削数值仿真本构模型、骨切削手术工艺及机理等方面进行了综述, 着重介绍了切削参数对骨切削的影响、骨切削刀具设计等, 并对医学领域新兴的超声骨切削技术进行了介绍和分析.最后得出应从以下方面完善骨切削研究: (1)骨切削数值仿真的本构模型有待开发; (2)构建系统的骨材料切削理论以解释骨材料切屑形态的切削机理; (3)骨材料切削刀具的开发需要进一步深化; (4)超声骨切削由于安全性高、损伤小、愈合快的特点将成为未来临床骨切割操作的发展方向和趋势.
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| 关 键 词： | 骨切削 本构模型 切削温度 切削损伤 超声骨切削 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-05-08 |
A review of bone cutting in surgery |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China2.Affiliated Chest Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China |
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| Abstract: | Bone cutting is a basic and vital clinical operation in surgery. Traditional mechanical processing methods such as drilling, grinding, and milling, are widely applied in bone surgery. Bone is a hard biological tissue with a complex structure. The compact bone structure is similar to a brittle fiber-reinforced composite. It is easy to damage bone tissue and reduce bone activity during cutting. The quality and efficiency of bone cutting are related to the therapeutic and rehabilitative outcomes of patients. A correct understanding of bone-cutting processes and mechanisms, optimizing the process parameters of bone cutting, and developing advanced bone-cutting surgical tools are important ways to reduce cutting-induced thermal-mechanical damage from bone cutting and improve the postoperative rehabilitation of patients. This article reviewed published works related to constitutive models of bone tissue, bone cutting processes, and the cutting mechanisms used in different bone-cutting surgeries, with a main focus on the effect of machining parameters and tool design. The latest techniques and challenges in ultrasonic bone cutting were also discussed. Finally, it is concluded that bone-cutting research should address the following aspects: (1) improving the constitutive model for numerically simulating bone cutting; (2) constructing a systemic bone-material-cutting theory that explains the cutting mechanism as it relates to the chip morphology of bone material; (3) further refining the development of cutting tools for bone materials; (4) recognizing the advantages of ultrasonic bone cutting, including high safety levels, less damage, and faster healing, which will guide the development trends of future clinical bone-cutting operations. |
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