| 排污费改变了中国稀土出口吗? ——来自微观企业的证据 |
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| 引用本文： | 高艺,廖秋敏.排污费改变了中国稀土出口吗? ——来自微观企业的证据[J].有色金属科学与工程,2019,10(6):97-106. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高艺 廖秋敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 江西理工大学,矿业贸易与投资研究中心,江西 赣州 341000;江西理工大学,外语外贸学院,江西 赣州 341000;江西理工大学,矿业贸易与投资研究中心,江西 赣州 341000 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部人文社会科学研究课题资助项目16YJC190055江西省高校人文社会科学资助项目JJ1523江西省教育厅科技资助项目GJJ160630 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国战略性矿产资源稀土开采和出口的同时带来了严重的环境污染.将稀土企业排污费强度作为环境规制指标引入异质性企业贸易模型，将工业企业数据库中的排污费数据与海关数据库中的贸易数据对接，研究了稀土企业排污费强度对出口的影响.研究发现:企业出口总金额与单位排污费强度指标均为负相关，在国内不存在“向底线赛跑”的现象，《排污费征收使用管理条例》是有效的；稀土企业出口数量随单位产值、单位规模排污费的增加呈先上升后下降趋势；产品质量与单位排污费强度指标均为负相关，其中单位产量、单位规模排污费与产品质量呈U型关系，产品质量随单位产量、单位规模排污费增加而下降且未到达拐点，在一定程度上支持了“波特假说”；提高企业全要素生产率虽然会降低出口总数量，却能提升稀土出口产品质量.总体而言，环境规制有助于降低中国稀土企业污染排放，提升稀土产品品质.
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| 关 键 词： | 环境规制 异质性企业模型 排污费 稀土 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-06-25 |
Has pollution discharge fee influenced China's rare earth exports?——evidence from micro-enterprises |
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| Affiliation: | a.Research Center of Mining Trade and Investment, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Chinab.Faculty of Foreign Studies, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China |
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| Abstract: | The extraction and export of rare earth, China's strategic mineral resources, has brought serious environmental pollution. In this paper, rare earth enterprises' pollution discharge fee, as an index of environmental regulations, was introduced into the trade model of heterogeneous enterprises. By analyzing the connection between the data of enterprises' pollution discharge fee and the trade data from the Customs, the effect of pollution discharge fees paid by enterprises on export was studied. The research found that there was a negative correlation between enterprises' total volume of export and their pollution discharge fees. And there was no "a race to the bottom line" in China. The study also noticed that the regulations on the administration of collection and use of pollution discharge fees was effective, and that the total volume of enterprises' exports first increased and then decreased, with the increase of unit output and pollution discharge fees. The product quality was negatively correlated with the pollution discharge fees. And there existed a U-shaped relationship between the unit output and pollution discharge fees, and the product quality. The product quality decreased as unit output and pollution discharge fees rose. But it didn't reach the inflection point. This, to some extent, supported the porter hypothesis. Although the increase of productivity would lower the volume of export, it improved the quality of exported rare earth products. In general, environmental regulations help reduce pollution emitted by China's rare earth companies and improve the quality of rare earth products. |
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