| 水冰雪反照率参数化通用模型 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨开林.水冰雪反照率参数化通用模型[J].水利水运工程学报,2020,0(4):1-9. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨开林 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水利水电科学研究院 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室，北京 100038 |
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| 基金项目： | 水利部公益性行业科研专项（201501025）；国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFC1508403）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（51979291） |
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| 摘 要： | 对于气候寒冷、降雪频繁的冰封河湖，冰盖和雪盖的反照率对气候和冰厚变化有很大影响。应用Fresnel理论得出纯水和纯水冰可用相同反照率公式计算的结论。基于现有的原型观测资料，提出了水冰反照率参数化通用模型。在此基础上，借鉴CCSM3雪冰日平均反照率参数化模型，提出了水冰雪反照率参数化通用模型。该模型考虑了纬度及地球自转和环绕太阳运行的规律，具有很好的普适性。计算分析表明，纬度和日期对水冰雪日平均反照率有很大影响，反照率大小随日期或月份变化，纬度越高，反照率越大。与冰厚对反照率的影响相比，太阳高度角随纬度和日期变化产生的影响大得多。水冰雪反照率参数化通用模型计算结果与原型观测结果的对比证明，两者吻合较好，而现有常用以冰厚为依据的反照率模型计算结果远远偏离观测结果。
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| 关 键 词： | 太阳辐射 太阳高度角 纬度 冰雪 反照率 参数化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-04-28 |
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| Affiliation: | State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China |
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| Abstract: | For frozen rivers and lakes with cold climate and frequent snowfall, the albedo of ice cover and snow cover has great influence on climate and ice thickness change. Using Fresnel theory, it is concluded that pure water and pure water ice can be calculated by the same albedo formula. Then, based on the existing prototype observation data, a general parameterization model of water-ice albedo is proposed. On this basis, referring to the parameterization model of CCSM3 snow-ice daily average albedo, a general parameterization model of water-ice-snow albedo is proposed, considering the latitude, the earth's rotation and the variation laws around the sun, thus making the model very universal. Calculation and analysis show that latitude and date have great influence on the daily average albedo of water, ice and snow, and the albedo varies with the date or month. The higher the latitude, the greater the albedo. Compared with the influence of ice thickness on albedo, the influence of solar altitude angle on latitude and date changes is much greater. The comparison between the calculation results of the general parameterization model of water-ice-snow albedo and the prototype observation results proves that the two are in good agreement, while the calculation results of the existing commonly used albedo model based on ice thickness are far from the observation results. |
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