X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of Ge–Sb–Se pulsed laser deposited thin films |
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| Authors: | Emeline Baudet Christophe Cardinaud Rémi Boidin Aurélie Girard Jan Gutwirth Petr Němec Virginie Nazabal |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic;2. Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN) UMR 6502, Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes Cedex, France;3. Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR‐CNRS 6226, Equipe Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France |
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| Abstract: | Pulsed laser deposition was used to prepare amorphous thin films from (GeSe2)100?x(Sb2Se3)x system (x = 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60). From a wide variety of chalcogenide glass‐forming systems, Ge–Sb–Se one, especially in thin films form, already proved to offer a great potential for photonic devices such as chemical sensors. This system has a large glass‐forming region which gives the possibility to adjust the chemical composition of the glasses according to required physical characteristics. The chemical composition of fabricated thin films was analyzed via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and compared to energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data. The results of both techniques agree well: a small deficiency in chalcogen element and an excess of antimony was found. The structure of as‐deposited thin films has been investigated by XPS. The presence of the two main structural units, GeSe4] and SbSe3] proposed by Raman scattering spectroscopy data analysis, was confirmed by XPS. Moreover, XPS core level spectra analysis revealed the presence of M–M bonds (M = Ge, Sb) in (Ge,Sb)–Ge–(Se)3 and (Ge,Sb)–Sb–(Se)2 entities that could correspond to Ge‐based tetrahedra and Sb‐based pyramids where one of its Se atoms at corners is substituted by Ge or Sb ones. The content of depicted M–M bonds tends to increase with introduction of antimony in the amorphous network of as‐deposited thin films from x = 0 to x = 40 and then it decreases. XPS analysis of as‐deposited thin films shows also the presence of the (Ge,Sb)–Se–(Ge,Sb) and Se–Se–(Ge,Sb) entities. |
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| Keywords: | amorphous chalcogenides films glass physical vapor deposition |
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