Higher Lipophilic Index Indicates Higher Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women |
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| Authors: | Qing Liu Alice H Lichtenstein Nirupa R Matthan Chanelle J Howe Matthew A Allison Barbara V Howard Lisa W Martin Carolina Valdiviezo JoAnn E Manson Simin Liu Charles B Eaton |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,Brown University,Providence,USA;2.Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center ON Aging,Tufts University,Boston,USA;3.University of California, San Diego,La Jolla,USA;4.VA San Diego Healthcare System,San Diego,USA;5.MedStar Health Research Institute,Hyattsville,USA;6.Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science,Washington, DC,USA;7.Division of Cardiology,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences,Washington, DC,USA;8.Medstar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine,Washington, DC,USA;9.Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,Boston,USA;10.Center for Primary Care and Prevention,Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island,Pawtucket,USA |
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| Abstract: | Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of cell membranes and play an integral role in membrane fluidity. The lipophilic index LI, defined as the sum of the products between FA levels and melting points (°C), divided by the total amount of FA: \({\text{LI}} = \frac{{\mathop \sum \nolimits_{k} {\text{fatty acid}} \times {\text{melting point}}]}}{{\mathop \sum \nolimits_{k} {\text{fatty acid}} }}\)] is thought to reflect membrane and lipoprotein fluidity and may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we examined the associations of dietary and plasma phospholipid (PL) LI with CHD risk among postmenopausal women. We determined dietary LI for the cohort with completed baseline food frequency questionnaires and free of prevalent cardiovascular diseases in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) observational study (N = 85,563). We additionally determined plasma PL LI in a matched case-control study (N = 2428) nested within the WHI observational cohort study. Cox proportional hazard regression and multivariable conditional logistic regression were used to calculate HRs/ORs for CHD risk between quartiles of LI after adjusting for potential sources of confounding and selection bias. Higher dietary LI in the cohort study and plasma PL LI in the case-control study were significantly associated with increased risk of CHD: HR = 1.18 (95% CI 1.07–1.31, P for trend <0.01) and OR = 1.76 (95% CI 1.33–2.33, P for trend <0.01) comparing extreme quartiles and adjusting for potential confounders. These associations still persisted after adjusting for the polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio. Our study indicated that higher LI based on either dietary or plasma measurements, representing higher FA lipophilicity, was associated with elevated risk of CHD among postmenopausal women. |
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| Keywords: | Lipophilic index Coronary heart disease Diet Plasma Postmenopausal women |
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