Rheology of Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactant Solutions: Effects of Surfactant Concentration and Counterions |
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| Authors: | Xiaojiang Yang Jincheng Mao Zhaoyang Zhang Heng Zhang Bo Yang Jinzhou Zhao |
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| Affiliation: | State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China |
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| Abstract: | To prepare high‐performance clean fracturing fluids, cationic surfactants with a Gemini structure were synthesized as thickening agents. Distinct elastic characteristics at a sweep frequency of 0.1–10 Hz and shear resistance at high temperature were shown. Viscosity remained at about 150 mPa s after shearing for 60 min at 140 °C and 170 s?1. Stability investigation on cationic Gemini surfactant solution revealed that both viscosity and viscoelasticity were greatly affected by the surfactant concentration, temperature, and the amount of inorganic salt (potassium chloride). Complete formulation of a surfactant micelle structure in an aqueous solution requires a certain amount of time. |
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| Keywords: | Gemini viscoelastic surfactant Rheology Counterions VES fracturing fluid |
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