| 偏心故障下动车组牵引电机转子振动特性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 周生通,郭维年,肖乾,朱经纬,周新建,涂文兵.偏心故障下动车组牵引电机转子振动特性分析[J].工程力学,2021,38(7):216-225. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周生通 郭维年 肖乾 朱经纬 周新建 涂文兵 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华东交通大学机电与车辆工程学院，江西，南昌 330013 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(52065022，51505146)；江西省自然科学基金项目(20202BABL204036，20181ACB20007，20161BAB216135)；西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题项目(TPL1806) |
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| 摘 要： | 气隙偏心和质量偏心是动车组牵引电机中普遍存在的两类偏心故障，而由此产生的不平衡磁拉力和机械不平衡力常诱发更为复杂的转子动力学行为，危害列车牵引驱动装置的安全可靠运行。为此，该文建立了静动气隙偏心和转子质量偏心下牵引电机转子系统的Jeffcott模型；推导了静动气隙偏心下牵引电机带负载运行时气隙磁密分布和转子铁芯表面Maxwell应力分布，并给出了可适用于静动气隙偏心、空载/负载运行和任意磁极对数的电机不平衡磁拉力统一解析表达式；采用四阶定步长Runge-Kutta算法计算了某型动车组牵引电机转子在不平衡磁拉力和机械不平衡力作用下的动力响应，并详细讨论了初始静偏心、质量偏心、径向刚度以及转速对系统振动特性的影响规律。结果表明:偏心故障下该型牵引电机转子轴心轨迹呈现接近圆形的椭圆状，其中质量偏心、径向刚度和转子转速会影响轴心轨迹大小，而初始静偏心和径向刚度则使轨迹中心沿静偏心方向偏移。同时，气隙偏心的存在使得具有质量偏心故障的电机转子位移频谱中较明显地包含零频、转频、固有频率、二倍转频、二倍供电频率及其与转频的组合等分量。
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| 关 键 词： | 牵引电机 不平衡磁拉力 静动气隙偏心 质量偏心 径向刚度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-25 |
VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF EMU TRACTION MOTOR ROTOR UNDER ECCENTRIC FAULTS |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China2.Zhuzhou Railway Station, China Railway Guangzhou Group Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou, Hu’nan 412000, China |
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| Abstract: | Air-gap eccentricity and mass eccentricity are two common eccentric faults in the traction motor of electric multiple units (EMU), and the resulting unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) and mechanical unbalance force often induce more complex rotor dynamic vibrations, which may endanger the safe and reliable operation of train traction drive device. To this end, the Jeffcott model for a traction motor rotor system under a static-dynamic air-gap eccentricity and a rotor mass eccentricity is established. Then the air-gap flux density distribution and the Maxwell stress distribution on the rotor core surface are derived when the traction motor with load is running under the static-dynamic air-gap eccentricity, and the unified analytical expressions of UMP are subsequently presented, which are applicable to motors with a static-dynamic air-gap eccentricity, with no-load or load operations, and with any pole-pair number. The fourth-order fixed-step Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to calculate the dynamic response of a certain traction motor rotor under UMP and the mechanical unbalance force, and the effects of an initial static eccentricity, of a mass eccentricity, of radial stiffness and of rotational speed on the vibration characteristics of the system are discussed in detail. Results show that the rotor orbit of the traction motor is elliptical but nearly circular under the eccentric faults. The mass eccentricity, radial stiffness, and rotor speed affect the magnitude of rotor orbit, while the initial static eccentricity and radial stiffness can move the center of orbit along the direction of the static eccentricity. In addition, the existence of the air-gap eccentricity makes the displacement spectrum of motor rotor with a mass eccentricity more obviously contain the components of zero frequency, of natural frequency, of rotation frequency, of double rotation frequency, of double power frequency and its combinations with rotation frequency, and so on. |
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