| 高海拔地区烟田不同地膜管理的效果比较 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘燕,赵正雄.高海拔地区烟田不同地膜管理的效果比较[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(6):65. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘燕 赵正雄 |
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| 作者单位： | 云南农业大学烟草学院 |
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| 摘 要： | 以云烟97为材料，2010-2011年在昭通鲁甸针对当地烤烟生产成熟后期温度偏低的现象，通过田间试验研究了全生育期地膜覆盖（即对照，按当地烟农习惯不揭膜）、不完全揭膜和完全揭膜3个不同地膜管理方式对植烟土壤水分、温度和烟叶产量、产值及品质的影响。结果表明:（1）烟叶成熟期间0-10 cm土层含水率总体以揭膜处理相对最低，较不揭膜处理平均降低了20.91 %，比不完全揭膜处理平均降低了4.22 %；而10-20 cm土层含水率在下部烟叶成熟期间以不揭膜处理较高，之后相反；总体而言以不完全揭膜处理土壤含水率波动性较小；（2）烟叶成熟期间土层温度皆以揭膜处理略低于其他处理，较不揭膜处理平均降低了2.34 ℃，比不完全揭膜处理平均降低了1.72 ℃；（3）两年间不同处理烟叶产量无显著差异；而烟叶产值总体也以不完全揭膜处理相对高于或明显高于其余处理；（4）烟碱含量两年皆以对照相对最高，且略高于优质烟叶标准范围；而烟叶含钾量和含氮量在不同处理间无较大差异；糖/碱比、氮/碱比综合而言以不完全揭膜处理协调性较好。对试验结果综合分析认为，在高海拔地区烤烟生产中可以考虑不完全揭膜措施的应用。
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| 关 键 词： | 烤烟 地膜覆盖 生长 土壤温度 土壤含水率 产量 质量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-11-22 |
Comparison of the effects of different mulch managements in tobacco field of high altitude area |
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| Abstract: | For the low temperature phenomenon in the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco, 2010-2011 In Zhaotong Ludian field experiment studied the effect of three different methods of plastic film management including the whole growth period mulching (ie, control, used by local farmers are not removing film), not completely removing film and completely removing film mulching on moisture and temperature of soil and yield, economic value and inner chemical components of YUN97. The results showed that: ( 1 ) completely removing film mulching had the lowest soil moisture content at the depth of 0-10 cm, and which was 20.91 % lower than that the whole growth period mulching and 4.22 % lower than that not completely removing film processing during mature stage of flue-cured tobacco; Compared with other treatments the whole growth period mulching has a higher soil moisture content at 10-20 cm soil depth during the lower leaves mature stage, and a lower soil moisture after lower leaves matured; Overall soil moisture content of not completely removing film processing had less volatile than other treatments; (2) Completely removing film mulching had the lowest soil temperature at the depth of 0-10 cm, and which was 2.34 ℃ lower than that the whole growth period mulching and 1.72 ℃ lower than that not completely removing film processing during the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco; (3) The yield difference between treatments was not significant difference in two years field experiment and economic value of not completely removing film processing was relatively higher or significantly higher than the rest of the processing; (4) Nicotine content of control was higher than other treatments and slightly higher than the range of quality tobacco standards in two years experiment; There was on significant difference between treatments for potassium content and nitrogen content; Sugar-nicotine ratio and nitrogen-alkali ratio of not completely removing film processing were better-balance than other treatments. Not completely removing film processing can be applied in production in tobacco-growing areas of the high-altitude depended on the comprehensive analysis of experiment results. |
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