Synchronization of a class of nonlinear network flow systems

In this paper, we consider the synchronization of a class of nonlinear network flow systems. Motivated by air distribution problem in air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems, we propose a class of coupled nonlinear multi‐agent systems that can model a wide class of network flow systems, including air flow in ACMV systems, water flow in irrigation systems, traffic flow in transportation systems, and so on. Then we consider the synchronization problem for the class of nonlinear multi‐agent systems and propose cooperative controllers for the system. Based on graph theory, we derive conditions on the initial values of the state and the control input such that synchronization can be achieved. An application to air ventilation is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the cooperative controllers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Consensus of Delayed Multi‐agent Systems via Intermittent Impulsive Control

A novel intermittent impulsive scheme is presented to realize consensus of multi‐agent systems with time‐varying delay in this paper because intermittent impulsive control may break through the limitation of upper bound of impulsive intervals in general impulsive control in our consensus scheme. Instead of activating all the time, we introduce the intermittent impulsive control approach into the delayed multi‐agent systems where the impulsive controller is only functioned in the control windows. Based on the algebraic graph theory, the Lyapunov stability theory, and Halanay inequality matrix theory, some adequate conditions are proposed to guarantee the consensus of delayed multi‐agent systems via pinning intermittent impulsive control. Simulation results are provided ultimately to verify the validity of the proposed control mechanism.     

Exponential Synchronization of Memristive Chaotic Recurrent Neural Networks Via Alternate Output Feedback Control

This paper considers the global exponential synchronization problem of two memristive chaotic recurrent neural networks with time‐varying delays using periodically alternate output feedback control. First, the periodically alternate output feedback control rule is designed for the global exponential synchronization of two memristive chaotic recurrent neural networks. Then, according to the Lyapunov stability theory, we construct an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional to derive several new sufficient conditions guaranteeing exponential synchronization of two memristive chaotic recurrent neural networks under periodically alternate output feedback control. Compared with existing results on synchronization conditions on the basis of linear matrix inequalities of memristive chaotic recurrent neural networks, the derived results complement, extend earlier related results, and are also easy to validate in this paper. An illustrative example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the synchronization criteria.     

Fixed‐time synchronization for complex‐valued BAM neural networks with time delays

In this paper, the fixed‐time synchronization for complex‐valued bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with time delays is studied. Based on the fixed‐time stability, the Lyapunov functional method and some inequality techniques, a new criterion is presented to guarantee that the addressed systems achieve synchronization in fixed time and a more accurate estimation independent of the initial conditions is given for the settling time. Meanwhile, a new nonlinear delayed controller different from the existing ones is designed. In the end, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.     

Synchronization of Uncertain Complex Networks with Time‐Varying Node Delay and Multiple Time‐Varying Coupling Delays

This paper investigates the synchronization problem of a class of complex dynamical networks via an adaptive control method. It differs from existing works in considering intrinsic delay and multiple different time‐varying coupling delays, and uncertain couplings. A simple approach is used to linearize the uncertainties with the norm‐bounded condition. Simple but suitable adaptive controllers are designed to drive all nodes of the complex network locally and globally synchronize to a desired state. In addition, several synchronization protocols are deduced in detail by virtue of Lyapunov stability theory and a Cauchy matrix inequality. Finally, a simulation example is presented, in which the dynamics of each node are time‐varying delayed Chua chaotic systems, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive method.     

离散混沌系统的线性和非线性反馈同步法及其条件

基于离散系统稳定性理论和Pecora-Carroll混沌同步定理，研究了多变量离散混沌系统的同步问题．提出了线性和非线性反馈同步控制方法，同步系统反馈控制器由线性和非线性两部分组成，响应系统受驱动系统的所有变量驱动．通过分析误差系统的特征方程和计算响应系统的最大条件Lyapunov指数，分别导出了离散混沌系统的同步条件．将该方法应用于Henon映射系统，实现了两Henon混沌系统的同步控制．讨论了混沌系统的同步性能与控制参数的关系．基于Matlab软件的数值仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性．     

On the exponential synchronization of stochastic impulsive chaotic delayed neural networks

In this paper, the exponential synchronization of stochastic impulsive chaotic delayed neural networks is investigated. Based on the Lyapunov function method, time-varying delay feedback control technique and the efficient modified Halanay inequality for stochastic differential equations, several sufficient conditions are presented to guarantee the exponential synchronization in mean square between two identical chaotic delayed neural networks with stochastic and impulsive perturbations. These conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can easily be checked by utilizing the numerically efficient Matlab LMI toolbox. Comparing with the existing works that consider single perturbation (stochastic or impulsive one), the proposed method can provide a more general framework for the synchronization of multi-perturbation chaotic systems, which is favorable for practical application in secure communication. Finally, numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Synchronization of complex networks with coupling delays via adaptive pinning intermittent control

The problem of exponential synchronization for a class of general complex dynamical networks with nonlinear coupling delays by adaptive pinning periodically intermittent control is considered in this paper. We use the methods of the adaptive control, pinning control and periodically intermittent control. Based on the piecewise Lyapunov stability theory, some less conservative criteria are derived for the global exponential synchronization of the complex dynamical networks with coupling delays. And several corresponding adaptive pinning feedback synchronization controllers are designed. These controllers have strong robustness against the coupling strength and topological structure of the network. Using the delayed nonlinear system as the nodes of the networks, a numerical example of the complex dynamical networks with nonlinear coupling delays is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.     

具有量化脉冲效应的时滞混杂动态网络同步分析

研究了具有量化脉冲效应的时滞混杂动态网络的同步动力学,利用偏收缩理论和矩阵测度概念,并结合量化器的特征,提出了网络节点实现同步的一般性条件.与以往大多数基于Lyapunov稳定性方法所提出的结果不同,利用本文的方法可以消除单个节点和网络耦合中的非线性函数的限制性假设,从而降低保守性.本文突出的特征就是综合了网络节点和耦合拓扑中的多重时滞影响和脉冲行为,并且考虑了脉冲效应在网络传输中的有限通信能力问题,具有实际意义.最后,通过对Lorenz混沌系统作为网络节点的混杂动态网络进行数值模拟,验证了所得结果的有效性.     

Semi‐global cooperative output regulation of a class of nonlinear uncertain multi‐agent systems under switching networks

In this paper, we consider the semi‐global cooperative output regulation problem for a class of nonlinear uncertain multi‐agent systems under switching networks. At first, we study the nonadaptive case when the exosystem has no parametric uncertainties and construct a common Lyapunov function to achieve the output regulation for general switching connected networks. Next, we study the case when the exosystem contains some parametric uncertainties. To solve the problem, we establish a stability result for a class of time‐varying system, which is then used in the design of distributed adaptive internal model‐based control. Then we construct multiple Lyapunov functions for the switching signal with its average dwell time lower bounded by a given constant. Throughout the paper, we treat the closed‐loop multi‐agent system from the viewpoint of singular perturbation. In fact, the singular perturbation‐based method provides an effective tool to handle the multi‐agent system under switching networks. Finally, we give numerical simulations based on Duffing systems and flexible manipulator systems to illustrate the effectiveness of our method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exponential Consensus for Nonlinear Multi‐Agent Systems with Communication and Input Delays via Hybrid Control

This paper aims to investigate the exponential leader‐following consensus for nonlinear multi‐agent systems with time‐varying communication and input delays by using hybrid control. Based on the Lyapunov functional method, impulsive differential equation theory and matrix analysis, we show that all the followers can achieve leader‐following consensus with the virtual leader exponentially even if only a fraction of followers can obtain the leader's information. Two classes of exponential consensus criteria as well as the convergence rates for the controlled multi‐agent systems are presented under very relaxed interaction topology conditions, i.e., the directed interaction topology among the followers is only required to have p(p>1) disjoint strong components. Finally, two numerical examples are given to validate the proposed theoretical results.     

Distributed Observer‐based Stabilization of Nonlinear Multi‐agent Systems with Sampled‐data Control

In this paper, the distributed observer‐based stabilization problem of multi‐agent systems under a directed graph is investigated. Distributed observer‐based control protocol with sampled‐data information is proposed. The dynamics of each agent contain a nonlinear part, which is supposed to be general Lipschitz. In order to stabilize the states of the whole network, all the nodes utilize the relative output estimation error at sampling instants and only a small fraction of nodes use the absolute output estimation error additionally. By virtue of the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) property and the Lyapunov stability theory, an algorithm to design the control gain matrix, observer gain matrix, coupling strength as well as the allowable sampling period are derived. The conditions are in the form of LMIs and algebraic inequality, which are simple in form and easy to verify. Some further discussions about the solvability of obtained linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are also given. Lastly, an example is simulated to further validate the obtained results.     

Consensus analysis of continuous‐time second‐order multi‐agent systems with nonuniform time‐delays and switching topologies

In this study, consensus problems for second‐order multi‐agent systems with nonuniform and switching topologies are investigated. Each agent has a self‐delay, and each delay is independent of the others. As a measure of the disagreement dynamics, a class of positive semi‐definite Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions are introduced. Using algebraic graph theory and these Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions, sufficient conditions are derived by contradiction under which all agents asymptotically reach consensus. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results is demonstrated through numerical simulations.     

Cooperative Adaptive Fuzzy Output Feedback Control for Synchronization of Nonlinear Multi‐Agent Systems in the Presence of Input Saturation

This paper considers the leader‐following synchronization problem of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with unmeasurable states in the presence of input saturation. Each follower is governed by a class of strict‐feedback systems with unknown nonlinearities and the information of the leader can be accessed by only a small fraction of followers. An auxiliary system is introduced and its states are used to design the cooperative controllers for counteracting the effect of input saturation. By using fuzzy logic systems to approximate the unknown nonlinearities, local adaptive fuzzy observers are designed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Dynamic surface control (DSC) is employed to design distributed adaptive fuzzy output feedback controllers. The developed controllers guarantee that the outputs of all followers synchronize to that of the leader under directed communication graphs. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that all signals in the closed‐loop systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB), and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. An example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.     

Consensus Control of Fractional‐Order Systems Based on Delayed State Fractional Order Derivative

In this paper, the delayed state fractional order derivative (DSFOD) is introduced into the existing traditional consensus protocol aiming to improve the robustness of fractional‐order multi‐agent systems against communication time delay. Both of communication channels with time‐delay and without time‐delay cases are considered. Based on the frequency‐domain analysis and algebraic graph theory, it is shown that properly choosing the intensity of DSFOD can improve the robustness of fractional‐order multi‐agent systems against communication delay. Finally, a simulated example with simulations is presented to confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Adaptive Synchronization of Uncertain Chaotic Systems Based on T–S Fuzzy Model

This paper presents an adaptive approach for synchronization of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy chaotic systems. T-S fuzzy model can represent a general class of nonlinear system and we employ it for fuzzy modeling of the chaotic drive system. Since the output of the drive system is only available for synchronization, the response system is designed based on fuzzy adaptive observer for uncertain parameters and parameter mismatch cases. We analyze the stability of the overall fuzzy synchronization system by applying Lyapunov stability theory and derive stability conditions by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) problem. The adaptive law is derived to estimate the uncertain parameters or parameter mismatch. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed fuzzy adaptive synchronization approach.     

Cooperative adaptive control for synchronization of second‐order systems with unknown nonlinearities

This paper studies synchronization to a desired trajectory for multi‐agent systems with second‐order integrator dynamics and unknown nonlinearities and disturbances. The agents can have different dynamics and the treatment is for directed graphs with fixed communication topologies. The command generator or leader node dynamics is also nonlinear and unknown. Cooperative tracking adaptive controllers are designed based on each node maintaining a neural network parametric approximator and suitably tuning it to guarantee stability and performance. A Lyapunov‐based proof shows the ultimate boundedness of the tracking error. A simulation example with nodes having second‐order Lagrangian dynamics verifies the performance of the cooperative tracking adaptive controller. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coordination of fractional-order nonlinear multi-agent systems via distributed impulsive control

The coordination of fractional-order nonlinear multi-agent systems via distributed impulsive control method is studied in this paper. Based on the theory of impulsive differential equations, algebraic graph theory, Lyapunov stability theory and Mittag-Leffler function, two novel sufficient conditions for achieving the cooperative control of a class of fractional-order nonlinear multi-agent systems are derived. Finally, two numerical simulations are verified to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.     

Uniform synchronization in multi‐agent systems with switching topologies

This paper deals with uniform synchronization analysis of multi‐agent systems with switching topologies. The agents are assumed to have general, yet identical, linear dynamics. The underlying communication topology may switch arbitrarily within a finite set of admissible topologies. We establish conditions under which the network is uniformly synchronized meaning that synchronization is valid under all possible switching scenarios. The primary conditions established are in terms of a pair of Lyapunov strict inequalities. Following those conditions, small gain and passivity types of conditions are proposed under which uniform synchronization is guaranteed. The proposed results are also extended to the case of observer‐based protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Observer‐based leader‐following consensus of uncertain nonlinear multi‐agent systems

In this paper, the leader‐following consensus problem of uncertain high‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems on directed graph with a fixed topology is studied, where it is assumed that the relative states of a follower and its neighbors are immeasurable and only the relative outputs are available. Nonlinear adaptive observers are firstly proposed for each follower to estimate the states of it and its neighbors, and an observer‐based distributed adaptive control scheme is constructed to guarantee that all followers asymptotically synchronize to a leader with tracking errors being semi‐globally uniform ultimate bounded. On the basis of algebraic graph theory and Lyapunov theory, the closed‐loop system stability analysis is conducted. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed new design techniques. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.