3D ordered NiO/silicon MCP array electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

The preparation and electrochemical properties of 3D ordered nickel oxide/silicon microchannel plate (NiO/Si-MCP) array electrode materials for supercapacitors are studied. The Si-MCP fabricated by electrochemical etching is used as a 3D supporting structure for electrodes. The active NiO is synthesized by electroless plating of nickel on the surface of the Si-MCP followed by annealing under oxygen. The electrochemical properties of the NiO/Si-MCP nanocomposite electrode materials are studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 2 M KOH solution. The results reveal typical electrochemical capacitive behavior in the potential range from −0.6 to 1.0 V. The specific capacitance of approximately 586.4 F g⁻¹ decreases slightly with 4.8% loss after 500 cycles. The linear and symmetrical charge/discharge curves are measured by chronopotentiometry. The NiO/Si-MCP composite is a promising electrode material for integrated supercapacitors.     

Production of AgCu:NiO/Ni foam electrode with high charge accumulation and long cycling stability

Nickel oxide is a promising material for electrochemical energy storage devices due to its high specific surface area, rapid redox reactions, and short diffusion path in the solid electrode. It has been known that the loading of metallic elements into the NiO matrix enhances these superior properties. NiO material is electrochemically deposited on Ni foam, and then, Ag and Cu thin layers are coated on NiO by thermal evaporation. The produced NiO/Ni foam and AgCu:NiO/Ni foam electrodes are annealed at 400 °C for 1 h. Those are utilized as anode for high-performance energy storage electrode in an alkaline solution. The former has an energy density of 56.9 Wh kg^?1 at 3155.5 W kg^?1, while the latter has a high energy density of 107.6 Wh kg^?1 at the corresponding power density of 2957.7 W kg^?1. Although specific capacitance of the former decreases to 46.2% of its original capacitance at 10 A g^?1 after 5000 cycles, the latter exhibits higher cycling stability with 71.0% retention after 5000 charge–discharge cycles owing to the loading of Ag and Cu into NiO matrix. Charge transfer resistance of NiO/Ni foam, which is inversely proportional to electroactive surface area, reduces from 19.4 to 0.28 Ω after the incorporation of Ag and Cu. Compared to NiO/Ni foam, AgCu:NiO/Ni foam with a higher electroactive surface area is more appropriate for charge accumulation. As mention above, the features of AgCu:NiO/Ni foam indicate that it is a promising material as an effective start-of-art energy storage device.

     

NiS2/三维多孔石墨烯复合材料作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能

选用合适的软模板,通过简便的一步溶剂热法成功制备了NiS₂/三维多孔石墨烯（3D rGO）复合材料。利用FESEM、TEM、XPS和电化学工作站对样品的表面形貌、元素价态和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明:制备的NiS₂/3D rGO复合材料存在石墨烯三维堆叠的孔道结构,且具备较大的比表面积,为57.51 m2g-1。电化学测试表明,在1 Ag-1的电流密度下NiS₂/3D rGO复合材料的比电容高达1 116.7 Fg-1,而且当电流密度增加到5 Ag-1时NiS₂/3D rGO复合材料的比电容为832.2 Fg-1,比电容保持率为1 Ag-1时的74.5%。在4 Ag-1电流密度下,经过1 000次循环后,NiS₂/3D rGO复合材料的比电容仍能保持91.2%。因此,NiS₂/3D rGO复合材料可作为一种理想的超级电容器电极材料。      

Gas sensing study of hydrothermal reflux synthesized NiO/graphene foam electrode for CO sensing

Nickel oxide nanosheets have been successfully synthesized on the graphene foam (GF) using hydrothermal reflux process for their application as carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and gas sorption analysis were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples. The morphology (SEM), crystal structure (XRD and Raman), and elemental composition (EDS) analysis of NiO/GF composite confirmed the cubic crystal structure of NiO and elemental composition (i.e., Ni, O, and C) of NiO/GF composite. The results reveal that the incorporation of graphene into NiO nanosheets not only improved the surface area of NiO/GF composite, but also enhanced the performance of the composite on CO sensing by improving its conductivity. These results indicate that NiO/GF has potential as electrode material for CO gas sensor.     

Preparation and characterization of nanostructured NiO/MnO2 composite electrode for electrochemical supercapacitors

Nanostructured nickel-manganese oxides composite was prepared by the sol-gel and the chemistry deposition combination new route. The surface morphology and structure of the composite were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The as-synthesized NiO/MnO₂ samples exhibit higher surface area of 130-190 m² g⁻¹. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements were applied to investigate the electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes with different ratios of NiO/MnO₂. When the mass ratio of MnO₂ and NiO in composite material is 80:20, the specific capacitance value of NiO/MnO₂ calculated from the cyclic voltammetry curves is 453 F g⁻¹, for pure NiO and MnO₂ are 209, 330 F g⁻¹ in 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH electrolyte and at scan rate of 10 mV s⁻¹, respectively. The specific capacitance of NiO/MnO₂ electrode is much larger than that of each pristine component. Moreover, the composite electrodes showed high power density and stable electrochemical properties.     

Cathodic electrodeposition of Ag-doped manganese dioxide films for electrodes of electrochemical supercapacitors

Cathodic electrodeposition method has been developed for the fabrication of Ag-doped MnO₂ films from the KMnO₄ aqueous solutions containing AgNO₃ for the application in electrodes of electrochemical supercapacitors (ES). The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy. The Ag-doped MnO₂ films showed improved capacitive behaviour and lower electrical resistance compared to pure MnO₂ films. The highest specific capacitance (SC) of 770 F g^− 1 was obtained at a scan rate of 2 mV s^− 1 in the 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte.     

In situ growth of Ni(OH)2-porous nitrogen-doped graphene composite onto Ni foam support as advanced electrochemical supercapacitors materials

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - High-surface-area Ni(OH)2-porous nitrogen-doped graphene (Ni(OH)2@p-NG) composite was electro-synthesized via a facile...     

超级电容器复合材料MnO2/活性炭的研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了α-MnO2*nH2O和活性炭的复合电极材料,对其结构和形貌分别用XRD和SEM进行了表征.循环伏安、交流阻抗以及恒流充放电等测试结果表明复合电极材料比α-MnO2*nH2O或活性炭电极具有更好的电化学可逆性和理想的电化学电容行为.随活性物质量增加,复合电极的比电容量增长率趋于稳定.     

Ni-doped MnCo2O4 nanoparticles as electrode material for supercapacitors

The Mn_1-xNi_xCo₂O₄ (0.00?≤?x?≤?0.20) nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple PAN-solution route. XRD, TEM, SAED, FESEM, XANES, XPS, and BET techniques were used to investigate the structural and morphology of Ni-doped MnCo₂O₄ nanoparticles. The effect of Ni ions substitution in MnCo₂O₄ nanoparticles on the electrochemical properties was examined on three-electrode systems. The results show that the substitution of Mn with Ni ions can improve the electrochemical properties of MnCo₂O₄ nanoparticles. The Mn_1-xNi_xCo₂O₄ electrode with x?=?0.15 exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 378 F g^?1 at the current density of 1 A g^?1. After 1000 charge-discharges times, this electrode has good capacity retention of 85%. The good capacitance characteristics and cyclic stability indicate that these Mn_1-0.85Ni_0.15Co₂O₄ nanoparticles could be applied as active materials for energy storage devices.

     

Nitrogenated porous carbon electrodes for supercapacitors

Nitrogenated porous carbon materials, made by coating the pore surface with nitrogen functional groups from the pyrolysis of hexamine, were characterized and tested for supercapacitor applications. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the nitrogen content of the nitrogenated carbon sample was found to be 14?wt%. Electrochemical properties from potentiostatic and galvanostatic measurements, and open circuit voltage (OCV) were used to evaluate the effect of nitrogen in porous carbon electrodes. The nitrogenated carbon exhibits pseudocapacitive behavior and an increase in capacitance that is almost double that of plain porous carbon. The cyclic stability is also improved, as the sample retains its high capacitance even after extensive cycling. Also, the nitrogenated carbon shows battery-like characteristics with an initial OCV of ca. 0.4?V, and an OCV of ca. 0.3?V after cycling.     

超级电容器电极材料研究进展

超级电容器作为储能器件,与传统物理电容器相比较明显地提高了比容量和比能量,而与二次电池相比,虽然比能量低,但其比功率却有着数量级的增加.本文综述了用于制备超级电容器的三类电极材料碳材料、金属氧化物材料和导电聚合物材料的研究进展.     

Co-electrophoretic deposition of Mn2O3/activated carbon on CuO nanowire array growth on copper foam as a binder-free electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The development of new materials with complex structures has proved to be an effective approach to improve their capabilities in a variety...     

Designing three-dimensional hierarchical porous chrysanthemum flower-like CoNiFe2O4/carbon spheres as high-performance electrode for supercapacitors and oxygen reduction reaction

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Novel three-dimensional electrode materials with high capacitance, long cycle stability and electrocatalytic activity are designed through...     

Melamine-assisted synthesis of cobalt–nickel coordination polymers as electrode materials for supercapacitors

Coordination polymers (CPs) and/or metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are new active materials for supercapacitors (SC). In this study, by solvothermal route, we conduct the melamine-assisted synthesis of bimetallic CPs (Co–Ni CPs) with controllable structures. The concentration of melamine plays an important role in the morphology of Co–Ni CPs, and the CPs can be turned from microspheres to nanorods. The Co–Ni CPs are used as electrode materials for SC. The spherical Co–Ni–CP-M exhibits the highest capacitances of 677 F g^?1 and 585 F g^?1 at current densities of 1 A g^?1 and 10 A g^?1, respectively, indicating an outstanding rate capability in a three-electrode system with 2.0 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, the Co–Ni–CP-M//active carbon device shows superior long-term cycling stability, i.e., approximately 92.6% of the initial capacitance can be retained after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^?1 in 2.0 M KOH electrolyte. In addition, the asymmetric SC device achieves an excellent energy density of 28.35 W h kg^?1 at a power density of 700 W kg^?1.

Graphical abstract

     

分等级孔道含氮多孔炭作超级电容器电极材料的研究

以间苯二酚和甲醛为前驱体,分别采用赖氨酸或氨水共聚体系制备了两种具有分等级孔道结构的块体含氮多孔炭.采用氮气吸附/脱附,透射电子显微镜,扫描电子显微镜及元素分析技术分别对其物理和化学性质进行了表征.在三电极体系和两电极体系下,研究了其作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学行为.结果表明:这两种氮掺杂块体多孔炭具有相似的孔道结构,但电容行为明显不同.其中赖氨酸体系制备的多孔炭氮含量比较高,表现出良好的电化学行为,其质量比电容可达199F·g-1,经过1000充放电循环比电容仅有1.6%的损失.     

Three-dimensional heterostructured MnO2/graphene/carbon nanotube composite on Ni foam for binder-free supercapacitor electrode

In this article, three-dimensional (3D) heterostructured of MnO₂/graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites were synthesized by electrochemical deposition (ELD)-electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and subsequently chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods. MnO₂/graphene/CNT composites were directly used as binder-free electrodes to investigate the electrochemical performance. To design a novel electrode material with high specific area and excellent electrochemical property, the Ni foam was chosen as the substrate, which could provide a 3D skeleton extremely enhancing the specific surface area and limiting the huge volume change of the active materials. The experimental results indicated that the specific capacitance of MnO₂/graphene/CNT composite was up to 377.1 F g^?1 at the scan speed of 200 mV s^?1 with a measured energy density of 75.4 Wh kg^?1. The 3D hybrid structures also exhibited superior long cycling life with close to 90% specific capacitance retained after 500 cycles.