基于ECT的优先权约束作业调度策略研究

为了协调网格计算中异构资源在多用户之间的合理共享,满足不同用户需求,该文提出一种基于ECT的优先权约束作业调度策略。该策略充分考虑不同作业的期望完成时间,并通过为不同级别用户设置优先级,使得高优先权用户的作业优先执行,保证绝大多数作业在期望完成时间之内完成,同时平衡了各种资源的利用率。该策略解决了网格环境下不同类别用户无冲突共享资源问题,提高了用户满意程度,实现了作业与异构资源之间的合理匹配。     

网格环境下几种容错策略的比较

使用simgrid模拟环境,预先设定好资源的出错情况,分别使用简单重试、主动备份、被动备份、检查点四种容错策略对作业调度进行模拟。比较批量作业的平均执行时间和最终完成时间,分析容错策略对上述两种时间的影响,以期给网格环境下容错的方案设计提供指导。     

多QoS约束网格作业调度问题的多目标演化算法

针对网格计算中的多QoS约束网格作业调度问题,以独立作业为研究对象,将其规约为多目标组合最优化问题．通过深入剖析多目标最优化理论及其演化算法,结合网格作业调度自然特征,提出了一种解决多QoS约束网格作业调度问题的多目标演化算法．该算法求解多个QoS维度效用函数指标的非劣解集,尝试解决多管理域间网格用户、资源管理者等网格实体的多目标协同问题．仿真结果表明,在时间维度、可靠性维度、安全性维度QoS效用值等用户级QoS指标,以及丢弃作业数等系统级指标方面该算法与QoS-Min-min和QoS-Sufferage等同类算法相比具有较好的综合性能．     

网格环境下工作流的费用-时间调度算法

开放网格服务架构（OGSA）和计算经济模型的提出,使得动态的、不同QoS的服务支持下的资源调度成为一个复杂且具有挑战性的问题。该文提出了网格环境下基于费用-时间的工作流调度算法,该算法采用动态资源选择策略适应网格计算环境下的动态性和自治性。在追求较小的工作流完成时间的同时,对费用进行了优化。模拟结果显示该调度算法符合计算网格的复杂环境,能够更好地满足不同用户的实际需要。     

基于效益函数的网格任务调度算法

在动态、异构、分布广泛的网格环境中,对资源的调度是一个非常复杂而重要且具有挑战性的问题。本文针对网格环境中的动态性特点,特别是用户QoS要求的动态变化性,提出了一种基于效益函数的网格任务调度算法,并采用GridSim模拟器分别对该调度算法和模拟器自带的代价最优和时间最优的网格任务调度算法进行模拟。实验的结果表明：该调度算法更能体现用户对QoS要求的动态变化;在系统完成相同数量的网格任务时,消耗相同时间的情况下,该调度算法在代价上优于基于时间优化的调度算法;而花费相同预算的情况下,在时间上优于基于代价优化的调度算法。     

移动网格环境下可靠任务调度研究

移动网格的资源环境具有很高的动态性,在任意时刻可能发生资源加入、退出、故障、移动等。采用任务复制策略实现对资源不可靠性的容错。用weibull分布刻画资源的可靠性,建立任务复制模型;形式化描述了基于复制策略的独立任务调度问题,给出调度目标和约束条件;通过遗传算法解决调度问题。仿真结果表明,调度算法具有良好的可扩展性,调度性能与资源可靠性呈线性关系。     

网格调度中的QoS参数容错

基于QoS参数的资源调度在执行中由于参数不满足要求导致调度失败,可靠性不强,而部分QoS参数具有累加属性,可实现不同任务之间的参数容错。基于此,在考虑用户偏好的基础上,分析参数特性,提出一个在时间和成本上实现多任务之间容错的调度算法。该算法在不增加预算的基础上可以提高任务执行的成功率,并能够根据用户的偏好更好地满足用户的需求。实验结果表明,在QoS参数上的调度容错能够较大地提高调度的可靠性。     

多目标蚁群优化网格调度算法

提出基于蚁群算法的网格调度算法,优化作业完成时间。同时局部升级和全局升级采用不同策略,解决资源负载均衡问题,满足网格的多目标优化。最后通过Gridsim仿真环境和其他算法进行比较分析。     

网格环境下可靠的可分割作业调度机制

针对传统可分割作业多路调度算法不能适应动态网格环境的不足,基于统一多路(Uniform Multi-Round:UMR)算法,提出一种可靠的可分割作业调度机制.系统动态地监控网格资源的变化,当资源发生变化时,通过性能预测与评估,及时地对剩余作业进行再调度.实验表明,较之传统的多路调度算法,该机制在动态的网格环境下,降低了作业完成时间,有效地利用了网格资源,提高了作业调度的可靠性.     

基于任务复制的多维QoS云计算任务调度

为了满足云计算环境下用户服务质量(QoS)需求和提高虚拟资源空闲时间段的利用率,提出了一种基于任务复制的多维QoS任务调度策略。首先,构建云资源模型和用户QoS模型,然后根据虚拟资源的利用情况和QoS的满意度对虚拟机进行性能测评,选择综合性能更高的虚拟资源进行任务的分配;在任务执行时为了缩短任务的完成时间,在调度过程中引入了在空闲时间段复制父任务的方式。通过仿真实验将该算法与HEFT、CPOP进行比较,实验结果显示：当用户偏好可靠性执行时,该算法平均可靠性比HEFT和CPOP高;当用户偏好完成时间和费用花费执行时,该算法平均完成时间比HEFT和CPOP少;当用户无偏好执行时,该算法平均完成时间和平均花费均比HEFT和CPOP少。结果表明该算法能有效提高资源利用率和用户的满意度。     

Semantic-enabled CARE Resource Broker (SeCRB) for managing grid and cloud environment

Grid computing is mainly helpful for executing high-performance computing applications. However, conventional grid resources sometimes fail to offer a dynamic application execution environment and this increases the rate at which the job requests of users are rejected. Integrating emerging virtualization technologies in grid and cloud computing facilitates the provision of dynamic virtual resources in the required execution environment. Resource brokers play a significant role in managing grid and cloud resources as well as identifying potential resources that satisfy users’ application requests. This research paper proposes a semantic-enabled CARE Resource Broker (SeCRB) that provides a common framework to describe grid and cloud resources, and to discover them in an intelligent manner by considering software, hardware and quality of service (QoS) requirements. The proposed semantic resource discovery mechanism classifies the resources into three categories viz., exact, high-similarity subsume and high-similarity plug-in regions. To achieve the necessary user QoS requirements, we have included a service level agreement (SLA) negotiation mechanism that pairs users’ QoS requirements with matching resources to guarantee the execution of applications, and to achieve the desired QoS of users. Finally, we have implemented the QoS-based resource scheduling mechanism that selects the resources from the SLA negotiation accepted list in an optimal manner. The proposed work is simulated and evaluated by submitting real-world bio-informatics and image processing application for various test cases. The result of the experiment shows that for jobs submitted to the resource broker, job rejection rate is reduced while job success and scheduling rates are increased, thus making the resource management system more efficient.     

网格环境下基于QoS的协作型任务调度算法研究

在深入研究网格环境下任务调度算法的基础上,提出一种基于QoS的协作型任务调度遗传算法并通过引入协作型任务的形式化描述DAG图构造了QoS参数模型.该参数模型提出了任务完成时间、价格和可靠性三个QoS参数并将这些QoS参数引入遗传算法,实现了网格环境下协作型任务调度对服务质量的优化并保证了协作型任务之间的数据依赖.通过与DAG-MIN和DAG-GSA算法的对比实验表明,该算法能在保证较优调度性能的同时大幅度提高调度的服务质量.     

在共享环境下基于时间预测的资源预留

资源预留是实现网格作业服务质量保证的重要方法.主要针对共享环境中引入资源预留后导致排队任务平均等待时间剧增的问题,提出了一种基于等待时间预测的资源预留,其中排队任务分为远程任务和本地任务,引入优先级策略,预洲不同优先级等待时间来计算花费,基于花费选择资源进行预留.实验结果显示预测相对误差和基于花费的调度算法都具有有效性和实际的潜力.     

校园网格的资源评估算法研究

针对校园网格主要应用于科学计算的特点,面向应用提出并实现了一种评估资源是否适宜分配作业的算法,指导校园网格应用合理分配作业,实现校园网格系统中作业运行时间短和资源负载平衡.重点阐述了网格资源的作业适宜分配度算法,包括网格资源的初始权重算法、信誉度算法和动态负载算法,完善了网格资源评估体系.最后通过仿真实验对资源评估算法完成了验证,证明所提出的算法是可行并有效的.     

SNA based QoS and reliability in fog and cloud framework

Fog and Cloud computing are ubiquitous computing paradigms based on the concepts of utility and grid computing. Cloud service providers permit flexible and dynamic access to virtualized computing resources on pay-per-use basis to the end users. The users having mobile device will like to process maximum number of applications locally by defining fog layer to provide infrastructure for storage and processing of applications. In case demands for resources are not being satisfied by fog layer of mobile device then job is transferred to cloud for processing. Due to large number of jobs and limited resources, fog is prone to deadlock at very large scale. Therefore, Quality of Service (QoS) and reliability are important aspects for heterogeneous fog and cloud framework. In this paper, Social Network Analysis (SNA) technique is used to detect deadlock for resources in fog layer of mobile device. A new concept of free space fog is proposed which helps to remove deadlock by collecting available free resource from all allocated jobs. A set of rules are proposed for a deadlock manager to increase the utilization of resources in fog layer and decrease the response time of request in case deadlock is detected by the system. Two different clouds (public cloud and virtual private cloud) apart from fog layer and free space fog are used to manage deadlock effectively. Selection among them is being done by assigning priorities to the requests and providing resources accordingly from fog and cloud. Therefore, QoS as well as reliability to users can be provided using proposed framework. Cloudsim is used to evaluate resource utilization using Resource Pool Manager (RPM). The results show the effectiveness of proposed technique.     

A resource management and fault tolerance services in grid computing

In grid computing, resource management and fault tolerance services are important issues. The availability of the selected resources for job execution is a primary factor that determines the computing performance. In this paper, we propose a resource manager for optimal resource selection. Our resource manager automatically selects the set of optimal resources among candidate resources that achieves optimal performance using a genetic algorithm. Typically, the probability of a failure is higher in the grid computing than in a traditional parallel computing and the failure of resources affects job execution fatally. Therefore, a fault tolerance service is essential in computational grids. And grid services are often expected to meet some minimum levels of Quality of Service (QoS) for a desirable operation. To address this issue, we also propose a fault tolerance service that satisfies QoS requirements. We extend the definition of failures from the conventional notion of failures in distribute systems in order to provide a fault tolerance service that deals with various types of resource failures, which include process failures, processor failures, and network failures. We also design and implement a fault detector and a fault manager. The implementation and simulation results indicate that our approaches are promising in that (1) the resource manager finds the optimal set of resources that guarantees efficient job execution, (2) the fault detector detects the occurrence of resource failures and (3) the fault manager guarantees that the submitted jobs complete and the performance of job execution is improved due to job migration even if some failures occur.     

Adaptive checkpointing strategy to tolerate faults in economy based grid

In this paper, we develop a fault tolerant job scheduling strategy in order to tolerate faults gracefully in an economy based grid environment. We propose a novel adaptive task checkpointing based fault tolerant job scheduling strategy for an economy based grid. The proposed strategy maintains a fault index of grid resources. It dynamically updates the fault index based on successful or unsuccessful completion of an assigned task. Whenever a grid resource broker has tasks to schedule on grid resources, it makes use of the fault index from the fault tolerant schedule manager in addition to using a time optimization heuristic. While scheduling a grid job on a grid resource, the resource broker uses fault index to apply different intensity of task checkpointing (inserting checkpoints in a task at different intervals). To simulate and evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, this paper enhances the GridSim Toolkit-4.0 to exhibit fault tolerance related behavior. We also compare “checkpointing fault tolerant job scheduling strategy” with the well-known time optimization heuristic in an economy based grid environment. From the measured results, we conclude that even in the presence of faults, the proposed strategy effectively schedules grid jobs tolerating faults gracefully and executes more jobs successfully within the specified deadline and allotted budget. It also improves the overall execution time and minimizes the execution cost of grid jobs.     

A hybrid fault tolerance technique in grid computing system

In order to achieve high level of reliability and availability, the grid infrastructure should be a foolproof fault tolerant. Fault tolerance plays a key role in order to assert availability and reliability of a grid system. Since the failure of resources affects job execution fatally, fault tolerance service is essential to satisfy QoS requirement in grid computing.