A new synchronization control circuit based on FPGA for the laser range-gated imaging system

Synchronization control is a kernel technique of the laser range-gated （LRG） imaging system which controls the synchronization of the pulsed laser and the ICCD camera directly. It can achieve range gating effectively and improve the resolution of image precisely. Conventional control circuits which are composed of discrete components have a poor performance of anti-interference, and the transmitting signal has a-bad delay which affects the conventional circuit＇s precision and stabilization seriously. To solve these problems, a range-gated synchronization control circuit is designed. This circuit, which takes the advantages of FPGA＇s high compact and flexibility, uses the phase-locking-loop （PLL） to multiply the global clock frequency. This design improves the precision and stabilization greatly, makes the precision up to a nanosecond level and provides a real-time selection of the values of pulse width and delays. Experiments results indicate that this circuit has a high precise and stable range-gated pulse.     

Laser Driver for Optic Fiber Gyro with 4 mA to 200 mA Drive Current

Abstract---The stability of the drive current is very important for a laser driver, while it is difficult to maintain the current stable at a high value for the laser driver. On the other hand, the range of the drive current is expected to be as wide as possible to be applied to different kinds of lasers. In this paper, a high current laser driver for the superluminescent light emitting diode （SLED） is presented, which is used in the optic fiber gyro embedded by a 0.35 μm bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor （BiCMOS） process. The laser driver provides automatic power control and certain value of current determined by the external resister. The system is based on the optic-electric feedback theory and uses the closed-loop control technique to maintain the drive current stable. The system is capable of producing stable current ranges from 4 mA to 200 mA when the value of external resister changes.     

Experimental Study on Real-Time Control System Testing

An experimental study on the testing of process control for a real-time control system is presented. Several indexes, such as the capability of system approximation output, the ramp rates, the smoothness and stability of output, and control of temperature overshoot, are selected as performance parameters. With these indexes, the thermal performance of thermal cyelers is validated, analyzed, and monitored. A testing prototype is designed and fabricated as a supplementary instrument for the experimental study. A tracking temperature algorithm with feedforward and feedback controls are also introduced to improve the efficiency of system performance testing.     

Inductor Current Sampled Feedback Control of Chaos in Current-Mode Boost Converter

A chaos control strategy for chaotic current-mode boost converter is presented by using inductor current sampled feedback control technique.The quantitative analysis of control mechanism is performed by establishing a discrete alterative map of the controlled system.The stability criterion,feedback gain,and corresponding critical duty ratio are obtained from the eigenvalue of the map.The simulation results verify the t heoretical analysis results of the control strategy.     

Wavelength-shift detection system based on matching-FBG with enhanced temperature sensitivity

In this letter a fiber Bragg grating （FBG） interrogation system based on thermistance and matching-FBG of temperature sensitivity enhancement is proposed and demonstrated. According to the relationship between the center wavelength of the matching-FBG and the resistance value of the thermistance, the scheme interrogates the wavelength-shift by adjusting the matching-FBG＇s temperature and detecting the resistance value of the thermistance. In measure experiments, the results show that the precision of the proposed system is 0. 048 nm in a range of 9.4 nm.     

The On-line Calibration Technology of System Delay Based on Dynamic Delay Cancellation for Generalized TT＆C Channel Simulator

An on-line system delay calibration method based on dynamic cancellation for generalized high-precision Tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） channel simulator is proposed. This method manages to estimate the time-varying system delay in real time through the coupling signal of input signal and simulated output signal, and then modifies the simulated parameters by the estimated value. With this method, it effectively avoids the effect of time-varying system delay caused by temperature drift, aging of components and other factors on high precision simulation. In this paper, the dynamic cancellation technology, which is the kernel and foundation of this method, is presented to eliminate the simulated motion law between the input signal and output signal. The time delay estimation method based on cross correlation and area barycenter arithmetic is introduced to estimate the time-varying system delay. The simulation results show the validity and high-precision performance.     

Technique for calibration of chassis components based on encoding marks and machine vision metrology

A novel technique for calibrating crucial parameters of chassis components is proposed,which utilizes the machine vision metrology to measure 3D coordinates of the center of a component’s hole for assembling in the 3D world coordinate system.In the measurement,encoding marks with special patterns will be assembled on the chassis component associated with cross drone and staff gauge located near the chassis.The geometry and coordinates of the cross drone consist of two planes orthogonal to each other and the staff gauge is in 3D space with high precision.A few images are taken by a highresolution camera in different orientations and perspectives.The 3D coordinates of 5 key points on the encoding marks will be calculated by the machine vision technique and those of the center of the holes to be calibrated will be calculated by the deduced algorithm in this paper.Experimental results show that the algorithm and the technique can satisfy the precision requirement when the components are assembled,and the average measurement precision provided by the algorithm is 0.0174 mm.     

New architecture of IP QoS management system

Based on the analysis of current Quality of Service （QoS） management on IP network, new generation of QoS architecture QoSAF is proposed. QoSAF is divided into three layers： resource control layer, network service layer and business layer. QoS management is accomplished by interactivity of layers. In this architecture, mechanism of feedback control enhances the functions of resource management and system monitoring. The principle of design and logical architecture of system is discussed in detail.     

Two—color Optical Fiber Pyrometer

On the basis of thermal radiation from solid surface to measeure tem-perature,a new two-color optical fiber pyrometer is put forward.It gets two thermal radiation signals by the method of Y-type optical fiber and narrow band filter for indi-cation of the temperature,Si diode in used for photoelectric measurement and MCS-51 single-chip microcomputer for sampling and handling.The system can output in digital and can print out instantaneous value,peak value and valley,It has many advan-tages such as quick measurement,small objective,high precision,high sensitivity and non-emissivity compensation.in addition,the special circuit of this pyrometer and the es-tablishment of mathematics model are discussed.     

A DFB Fiber Laser Sensor System with Ultra-High Resolution and Its Noise Analysis

A distributed feedback fiber laser （DFB FL） sensor system with ultra-high resolution is described. The sensor is made by writing distributed feedback structures into a high gain active fiber, and the system employs an unbalanced Michelson interferometer to translate laser wavelength shifts induced by weak measurands into phase shifts. A digital phase generated carrier demodulation scheme is introduced to achieve ultra-high resolution interrogation. A detailed noise analysis of the system is presented, and it is shown that the system resolution is limited by the frequency noise of the DFB FL.     

空间多光谱CCD相机调焦精度分析

调焦精度是保证多光谱CCD相机成像质量的关键技术之一,针对星载对地观测多光谱CCD相机大视场角、宽地面覆盖的离轴三返光学系统结构特点,设计实现了一种高精度调焦系统。首先以CCD多光谱相机感应谱段中最短波长计算出相机调焦需求精度10.00 m,根据多光谱CCD相机的光学系统特点,对比常用的传统航天相机的三种调焦方式,选择CCD焦平面调焦方式;然后提出采用以步进电机为动力源驱动高精度涡轮蜗杆副、齿轮副做旋转运动,通过超精密级滚珠丝杠将旋转运动转换为直线运动,并结合直线导轨约束运动形式,以14位绝对式编码器为位置检元件组成高精度调焦系统,经计算,调焦系统的理论灵敏度为0.12 m,该调焦系统具有结构简单紧凑、调焦灵敏度高的优点;最后通过实验测试,在2.2 mm调焦行程内实际调焦精度3.62 m（3）,调焦系统随相机经过力学环境实验、热真空环境实验后的复测调焦精度为3.64 m（3）。测试结果表明:所设计的调焦系统设计合理,结构可靠,调焦精度稳定性高,满足多光谱CCD相机成像清晰对调焦精度的要求。     

基于CPLD的增量式调焦编码器读出电路的设计

在红外热像仪调焦系统设计中，通过电机带动调焦镜组沿直线导轨往复运动，从而对调焦镜组的位置精确变化实现焦距的变化。为了精确控制调焦镜组的位置，调焦控制系统需要高分辨率的编码器实时反馈调焦镜组的位置，以实现对调焦镜组的闭环控制。红外热像仪调焦控制系统中采用增量式光电编码器作为调焦镜组位置的反馈测量元件。针对增量式编码器的特点，利用CPLD（complex programmable logic device）丰富的逻辑资源和可编程的灵活性，设计了一种读出电路，可以实时精确反馈调焦镜组的位置。经实际项目验证，该方案可以实时并精确地读出增量式光电编码器的位置信息，具有一定的抗干扰能力，可以实现高精度的位置伺服控制，满足系统要求。     

长线阵大负载焦平面调焦机构设计

空间相机运载过程的冲击振动及在轨复杂力热环境的影响容易导致相机焦平面与像面的不重合,产生离焦问题。针对长线阵大负载焦平面离焦问题,设计了一种调焦机构。该机构采用两套机构驱动,可以提供大的驱动力矩,并采用两组过约束导轨保证其力学性能。每套驱动机构由步进电机、滚珠丝杠、编码器、滚动导轨和齿轮系组成。对调焦机构建立了有限元仿真分析模型,通过模态分析,验证了该结构具有较好的刚性,能够满足相应的力学条件要求。后续通过力学试验后的精度测试对调焦精度、稳定性精度分析表明:该调焦机构的调焦精度为3.8 μm,稳定性小于5″, 同步精度为1.1 μm。设计及试验证明,该调焦机构具有较高的调焦精度和可靠性,可以满足一定范围内长线阵焦面精密调焦需要。     

美国MicroE圆光栅在数控转台和DDR电机领域的应用及特点

近年来,对精确自动测量转角的要求大大增长,作为自动测量仪器和装备的关键元件圆光栅及反馈系统的需求也日趋迫切。很多部门在精密加工、精密测量和自动控制等方面,使用圆光栅就可以实现自动测量、数显和数控。     

基于FPGA 的双通道旋转变压器测角系统设计

设计了用于星载设备的双通道多对极旋转变压器的角度测量系统。以获取高精度的电机旋转角度值为目的, 在旋转变压器测角工作原理、误差分析以及双通道数据组合算法和测角系统软硬件设计等方面进行了研究, 并选用 FPGA 对步进电机的角位移量进行探测与解算。为验证所设计的双通道旋变角度测量系统的精度, 采用了分辨率更高 的海德汉光电编码器进行同时采集, 并将两者数据进行对比, 结果表明新设计的测角系统误差小于30′′, 满足设计精度 指标。     

一种快速扫描伺服系统的设计与实现

针对某雷达天线需要快速机械扫描的需求,设计并实现了一种快速扫描伺服系统.硬件设计上,采用了直流力矩电机直接驱动,选择了高分辨率的增量式码盘同时完成测速和测角.软件控制策略上,采用了反馈加指令前馈的复合控制方式,利用非线性跟踪微分器完成了对码盘速度信号的平滑滤波,另外还设计了一种光滑的合成位置扫描指令.文中首先给出了系统软硬件的详细设计过程,然后进行了系统仿真和实测验证.仿真和实测结果表明,设计的扫描伺服系统不仅实现了对快速位置扫描指令的高精度跟踪,而且做到了低机械噪声的快速扫描.     

空间光通信链路模拟平台控制系统

为实现卫星姿态仿真,建立了基于"板卡-PC"的两级高精度链路模拟平台控制系统.该系统采用绝对式光电码盘作为角位置反馈元件,属于电流、速度、位置多闭环系统.控制部分使用复合控制加数字滤波技术,引入饱和限幅及死区补偿模块;根据轨迹特点,设计变参数调节控制器以提高动态性能.实验结果表明,定位精度达到±3";最低平稳角速度0.000 5(°)/s,误差±0.000 1°;随0.2 Hz幅值1°的等效正弦波变化,动态误差在3σ条件下小于±9.17".该控制系统满足高精度模拟平台技术要求.     

小波变换实现的光电编码器精确实时测速

光电编码器作为速度反馈器件,在工业、航空航天、军事等领域应用广泛。其速度检测的准确度和响应时间直接影响了整个控制系统的性能。为此,研究了一种编码器测速信号小波变换算法,该算法能够减弱噪声和干扰的对测速精度影响。将该算法应用于某航天编码器中,改善了其控制系统的动态响应和稳态精度。具有算法简单、占用资源少、耗时短、算法通用等特点,并且可以推广到其他编码器研制中。同时,还设计了一中光电编码器速度检测系统,能够实现对光电编码器测速精度的检测。实验表明:该算法应用到编码器中,将测速误差从6.956（）/ms降低到0.370 7（）/ms。     

空间望远镜次镜六自由度调整机构精密控制

为满足空间望远镜在轨主动光学控制需求,需要精密调整次镜相对于主镜的六自由度位姿,为此,针对6-PSS Stewart平台构型的次镜精密调整机构,设计完成了基于并联机器人关节空间方法的运动控制系统。以DSP和FPGA为核心处理器,编码器为反馈元件,集成电机三相桥为驱动元件,设计完成了次镜六自由度调整机构的运动控制电路。基于次镜调整机构的顶层逆运动学模型和底层连杆控制系统,设计完成了次镜六自由度调整机构的运动控制算法,该方法参数易于调整,利于工程实现,满足空间运动机构高可靠性调整需求。试验结果表明,该运动控制系统能够满足全行程内0.7 m （位移）和3（角度）运动调整精度需求,能够满足空间望远镜主动光学调整任务。     

超声电机驱动的轻量化扫描机构高精度控制

为实现卫星高分载荷扫描驱动机构的轻量化,以超声电机为驱动部件,设计了一款扫描驱动机构,质量仅为传统的步进电机加谐波减速器驱动方案的15%。构建了扫描驱动机构驱动控制器,配合21位绝对式光电编码器作为位置反馈传感器,对扫描驱动机构高精度控制方法进行了研究。针对超声电机在精密控制中的非线性及时变性,在对比总结比例、积分、微分(PID)控制、模糊控制、神经网络PID控制算法的基础上,设计了一种基于专家规则的PID控制器,并结合超声电机实时温度作为前馈控制在线调节控制器控制参数,最后进行了指向控制和速度稳定度实验研究。实验结果表明：令扫描驱动机构指向20°时,稳态指向精度优于2″,在3.3 r/min情况下扫描驱动机构速度稳定度优于±1%,能够满足卫星载荷对扫描驱动机构高精高稳的控制需求。