玻璃纤维膨体纱保温材料的开发及性能探讨

首先,选用玻璃纤维无捻粗纱制备了玻璃纤维膨体纱、玻璃纤维膨体花式纱及玻璃纤维膨体纱织物。其次,研究了玻璃纤维无捻粗纱和膨体纱的化学结构,并观察了它们的形态结构。最后探讨了膨体纱织物的透气性、力学性能、固定树脂能力及热防护性能。结果表明:玻璃纤维膨体纱织物外观丰厚,且存在较多空隙,具备良好的蓬松性、透气性、固定树脂能力及热防护性能。     

玻璃纤维空气变形纱的性能研究

为了研究玻璃纤维空气变形纱及其织物材料的特性,采用自主专利的气流吹散法制备了玻纤空气变形纱,表征其红外光谱物理特征、微观形貌、力学性能、固定树脂能力及其织物的热防护和导热性能。结果表明,玻璃纤维经高速气流分散的形纱过程为物理变化,该空气变形纱具备良好的蓬松性、固定树脂能力和力学强度,所制备的纱织物具有较低的导热系数(0.12 W/(m·K)),热防护性能较无捻粗纱提高1倍以上,TPP值为21.62cal/cm2。     

环保型耐高温涂层织物的制备与性能研究

为制备受热熔融或分解后放出毒害气体低于致毒量的高性能热防护织物,通过在苯甲基有机硅树脂溶液中添加多种填料,利用改性的复合有机硅树脂溶液制备了玻璃纤维涂层织物.探讨了填料粒径及偶联剂等对涂层液存贮稳定性的影响,并对涂层织物的热防护性能和物理性能进行测试.结果表明:涂层后织物的烧蚀隔热性能显著提高,涂层织物为不燃材料;在不超过600℃受热30 min,其性能稳定;遇热释放的烟气中仅有少量的CO和NO_x,其含量远远低于制毒量;涂层后织物具有良好的强力、拒水、拒油及抗静电性能.该涂层织物在产业用和建筑领域将具有广阔的应用前景.     

消防避火服外层织物辐射热防护效能研究

通过对高硅氧玻璃纤维织物(A1)、高硅氧玻璃纤维织物(B1)、连续玄武岩纤维织物(XW)三类消防避火服外层织物材料进行比热容、X射线衍射图谱与热射线反射率等织物辐射热防护性能相关指标的测定,比较了三类消防避火服外层织物材料的防护性能,并从微观纱线分子架构等角度对造成三类材料辐射热防护性能差异的原因逐一进行了解释与分析。根据分析与计算结果,认为纤维内部微观结构与织物辐射热防护能力有着较为紧密的联系,纤维结晶度对织物热射线反射能力的影响显著。     

低温固化有机硅耐高温涂层织物的制备

为降低有机硅树脂固化的温度和时间,利用环氧树脂对自制有机硅低聚物进行改性,并进一步在改性硅树脂中添加铝粉、高岭土及白炭黑等功能填料制备复合有硅树脂溶液,将其涂覆在玻璃纤维织物表面,最终制备出具有低温固化功能的隔热涂层玻璃纤维织物.结果表明:环氧树脂分子侧链上的仲羟基与有机硅低聚物发生了接枝反应,环氧基团的保留也为涂层过程中实现低温固化提供了条件;改性硅树脂在700℃时的残留质量为66.2%,具有良好的热稳定性;复合有机硅树脂涂层后的织物可在60℃下烘10 min,完成固化过程,烧蚀试验表明涂层后织物的隔热性能显著提高.     

镀金属玻璃纤维/ABS树脂复合材料制备及电磁屏蔽性能研究

通过热浸镀及化学镀方法制备了玻璃纤维/Al、玻璃纤维/Ni及玻璃纤维/Ni/Ni-Cu-P三种镀金属纤维,对其制备工艺、机理和性能进行了探讨.用上述三种金属化纤维与ABS树脂共混制备出导电复合材料,对复合材料的导电性及电磁屏蔽性能进行了初步研究.     

多层织物系统综合热防护性能

研究了消防服用多层织物系统的综合热防护性能.将耐高温阻燃织物Nomex、Kermel和芳砜纶织物与PTFE、TPU和三维阻燃间隔织物组合,模拟消防服的层次构成,通过垂直燃烧实验测试分析了外层织物的阻燃性能,通过TPP(热辐射和热对流综合热防护性能)实验测试分析了多层织物系统的综合热防护性能.研究得出:热防护性最大的织物组合是芳砜纶、三维阻燃间隔织物和阻燃棉布;最适宜用于消防服的织物组合是NomexⅢ A、三维阻燃间隔织物和阻燃棉布;可将三维阻燃间隔织物用于消防服结构组成中,有助于减轻消防员的热负荷.     

滑石粉涂层复合材料的制备及其介电性能和电导率

以玻璃纤维膨体纱织物为基材,以环氧树脂E44为粘着剂,650低分子量聚酰胺为固化剂,以价格低廉、密度较小的滑石粉为吸波材料,制备了滑石粉涂层复合材料。重点探讨了滑石粉含量及涂层厚度对介电常数和电导率的影响。结果表明制备的滑石粉涂层复合材料具备良好的介电性能。在研究的频率范围内,滑石粉的含量、涂层厚度对复合材料的介电常数实部和虚部、损耗角正切值、电导率的实部和虚部影响较大。     

纬编双轴向织物/环氧树脂电加热复合材料电热及层间剪切性能

为开发一种可用于航空飞行器防/除冰防护的电加热复合材料,本文设计制备了三种纬编双轴向织物/环氧树脂复合材料,采用实验方法研究了纬编双轴向织物电阻丝排列密度对复合材料电热性能和层间剪切性能的影响。电加热复合材料上、下层均为玻璃纤维/环氧树脂预浸料,中间层为电加热纬编双轴向织物,织物衬经纱、捆绑纱和衬纬纱分别采用铜镍合金丝、涤纶和玻璃纤维。采用红外温度测试仪和材料万能试验机进行性能测试。结果表明:施加电压6 s后复合材料表面温度快速升高,在60 s左右温度达到最高平衡温度,复合材料表面最高平衡温度与施加电压成正比关系;当施加电压不变时,电阻丝排列密度越小,复合材料表面最高平衡温度越高;电阻丝排列密度越小,复合材料层间剪切强度越大。可见,纬编双轴向织物/环氧树脂电加热复合材料具有轻质高强、加热速率高、成型性好等特点,适合用于飞行器多个部位的防/除冰。      

具有保温性能的电纺LA/PET纳米纤维复合织物的制备与表征

本文制备了电纺月桂酸(LA)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纳米纤维/机织物的复合织物,并对其进行了表征.选用纯棉纱线、毛纱线、涤棉纱线、腈纶纱线和涤纶纱线分别作为经纬纱线,在实验室制备机织物小样,同时,通过静电纺丝法制备LA/PET纳米纤维,将LA包裹在PET基材之中.之后通过缝合的方式,将电纺LA/PET纳米纤维和机织物构造成三明治结构的复合织物.对纳米纤维的形貌和热性能进行了表征,并分别探究了LA/PET的质量比,机织物组织结构和机织物材料对复合织物保温性能的影响.结果表明:LA/PET纳米纤维呈圆柱形,具有光滑表面,LA和PET展现出良好的相容性,热焓值略低于理论值,但相变温度改变不大.复合织物的热保温性能测试表明,复合织物的保温性能都优于未加入相变材料的织物,同时展现出良好的热循环稳定性.     

Effect of Blend Ratio, Loop Length, and Yarn Linear Density on Thermal Comfort Properties of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

The effect of the linear density, loop length, and blend proportion on thermal comfort properties (air permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, and water-vapor permeability) have been studied. Cotton, bamboo fiber, and blends of the two fibers (100 % cotton, 50:50 % bamboo/cotton, 100 % bamboo) were spun into yarns of linear densities ( $20^{\mathrm{s}},\; 25^{\mathrm{s}},\; 30^{\mathrm{s}}$ Ne). Each of the yarns so produced was converted to single jersey knitted fabrics with three loop lengths. The thermal conductivity of the fabrics was generally found to decrease with an increase in the proportion of bamboo fiber. The water-vapor permeability and air permeability of the fabrics were observed to increase with an increase in bamboo fiber content. An increasing presence of bamboo fiber in the fabric causes a reduction in the fabric thickness and mass per unit area for all linear densities of yarn. As the constituent yarn gets finer, both the fabric air and water-vapor permeability increase while the thermal conductivity decreases.     

Characterization of a novel natural cellulose fabric from Manicaria saccifera palm as possible reinforcement of composite materials

Identifying novel natural fibers/fabrics with proper properties as reinforcement material is a new challenge in the field of bio-composites. Hence, the aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using a natural fabric extracted from Manicaria saccifera palm as a novel reinforcement in composites. This fabric was extensively characterized by chemical composition analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, morphological studies (SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and physical /mechanical properties studies. From SEM analysis it was identified globular protrusions spread uniformly over the fiber which could help the mechanical interlock with the resin. As well, Manicaria fabric showed good thermal stability, low density, low moisture content and good tensile properties. Further, their properties are comparable to most natural cellulose fabrics and some synthetic fabrics, such as fiber glass fabrics. Manciaria saccifera fabric showed to be a suitable candidate as natural reinforcement material for the development of bio- composite.     

Mechanical properties of hybrid fabrics in pultruded cement composites

This work concerns the tensile properties of cement-based hybrid composites manufactured as: (i) sandwich composites that combine different layers of single fabric types; and (ii) hybrid composites, made from several yarn types within the same fabric. Hybrid combinations of low-modulus fabrics of polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) and high-modulus AR glass or aramid fabrics were prepared by the pultrusion process and tested in tension. Influence of pultrusion direction on the results was one of the parameters studied. It was found that hybrid composites made from PE and AR glass sustain strains better than 100% AR glass composites, and are stronger than a single PE fabric composite. A hybrid fabric composites made with combination of high strength–high cost aramid and low stiffness–low cost PP yarns performed better than a single aramid fabric composite relative to their reinforcing volume contents. Results show that making hybrid composites is an attractive option for cement-based elements. The performance of hybrid fabric composites is also influenced by the arrangement of fabric layers in the laminates. Composites with brittle and relatively strong fabrics (glass) at the mid-section and ductile fabrics (PE) near the surfaces of the composite performed better in tension than composites with the opposite arrangement.     

热辐射对消防服热防护性能及耐久性的影响

为探讨低热辐射对消防服用织物热防护性能及物理机械性能的影响,选用两种常用消防服用外层织物,利用远红外石英灯管辐射仪,以不同的辐射强度(6.5kw/m2和9.7kw/m2)对织物分别进行5、10、20、30min的辐射,利用NI虚拟仪器记录辐射时织物表面温度,并测试其各项物理机械性能及TPP值变化。结果表明:当织物表面温度低于织物纤维玻璃化温度时,织物在半小时内能保持其68.9%～84.6%的撕破强力,且TPP值增大,即热防护性能变好;而当织物表面温度达到纤维玻璃化温度时,织物断裂强力及撕破强力随辐射时间增加显著下降,但其TPP值仍增大。     

Properties of yarn pull-out in para-aramid fabric structure and analysis by statistical model

The aim of this study is to analyze and determine the pull-out properties of para-aramid woven fabrics. Para-aramid Kevlar29® and Kevlar129® woven fabrics were used to conduct the pull-out tests. They have high and low fabric densities. A yarn pull-out fixture was developed to test various fabric sample dimensions. Data generated from single and multiple yarn pull-out tests in various dimensions of Kevlar29® and Kevlar129® woven fabrics included fabric pull-out forces, yarn crimp extensions in the fabrics and fabric displacements. The regression model showed that yarn pull-out forces depend on fabric density, fabric sample dimensions and the number of pulled ends in the fabric. Yarn crimp extensions depend on the crimp ratios of the fabric and fabric density. Fabric displacements depend on fabric sample dimensions and the number of pulled yarns.     

Testing and modeling of yarn pull-out in plain woven Kevlar fabrics

Yarn pull-out behavior of five styles of plain woven Kevlar fabrics, K310, K706, K720, K745 and K779 from Hexcel, was studied. These fabrics were different in fabric count, yarn size, fiber type, thickness and weight. Single yarn pull-out tests showed that the pull-out forces of the five styles of fabrics differ substantially. The yarn pull-out force was found to have positive correlation to the impact performance: fabrics with higher pull-out force performed better in impact tests. A 2D finite element model was proposed to simulate the single yarn pull-out procedure and predict the maximum pull-out force. Several factors were considered in this model: fabric count, yarn size, yarn waviness, fiber modulus, fiber diameter, cross-yarn friction, parallel-fiber friction. The predicted peak pull-out forces showed good agreement with the experimental results. Finally a simple formula was proposed to estimate the yarn pull-out force as a function of fabric count, fiber diameter, fiber modulus, yarn waviness and friction.     

柔性纺织电阻传感器的研究进展

纺织电阻传感器具有质量轻、柔性好和可拉伸等优良特性,在可穿戴电子产品领域具有很大的应用价值。文中根据近年来不同纺织材料基电阻传感器的研究进展,介绍了无捻纤维(束)基电阻传感器、纱线(长丝纱、短纤维纱、复合纱)基电阻传感器和织物(针织物、机织物、非织造织物)基电阻传感器的制备、性能及应用研究。在纱线基电阻传感器中,主要基于导电涂覆纱线受力过程中纤维的内在弹性或长丝之间接触程度的变化所引起电阻改变的原理,制备电阻传感器;对于织物电阻传感器,主要利用织物结构体的变形特征并结合对织物进行导电涂覆或碳化等方法,制备电阻传感器。     

The influence of carbon nanotubes on quasi-static puncture resistance and yarn pull-out behavior of shear-thickening fluids (STFs) impregnated woven fabrics

This study focuses on the puncture resistance performance of woven high modulus polypropylene (HMPP) fabric impregnated with shear-thickening fluids (STFs) composed of fumed silica nanoparticles suspended in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and those containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The shear-thickening characteristics and rheological features of suspensions were determined at steady and oscillatory shear stress using a stress controlled rheometer. The puncture resistance performance of STF-treated HMPP fabrics were evaluated by the quasi-static puncture test. To gain a better understanding of the effect of these two suspensions on puncture resistance mechanism of fabric, yarn pull-out test was conducted to examine internal shear strength and inter yarn frictional behavior of fabric. The results showed that both the STF-treated fabrics exhibited significant enhancement in puncture resistance performance as compared to neat fabric. However, the fabric impregnated with the suspension containing CNTs showed lower enhancement, due to its lower degree of shear-thickening as confirmed by rheological measurement. The possible improving mechanisms responsible for puncture resistance performance of STF-treated fabrics were also discussed.