共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
Metamodeling is a widely applied technique in the field of graphical languages to create highly configurable modeling environments.
These environments support the rapid development of domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs). Design patterns are efficient
solutions for recurring problems. With the proliferation of DSMLs, there is a need for domain-specific design patterns to
offer solutions to problems recurring in different domains. The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical
foundations to support domain-specific model patterns in metamodeling environments. In order to support the treatment of premature
model parts, we weaken the instantiation relationship. We provide constructs relaxing the instantiation rules, and we show
that these constructs are appropriate and sufficient to express patterns. We provide the necessary modifications in metamodeling
tools for supporting patterns. With the contributed results, a well-founded domain-specific model pattern support can be realized
in metamodeling tools.
相似文献
2.
In a pre and postcondition-style specification, it is difficult to specify the allowed sequences of method calls, referred
to as protocols. The protocols are essential properties of reusable object-oriented classes and application frameworks, and the approaches
based on the pre and postconditions, such as design by contracts (DBC) and formal behavioral interface specification languages
(BISL), are being accepted as a practical and effective tool for describing precise interfaces of (reusable) program modules.
We propose a simple extension to the Java Modeling Language (JML), a BISL for Java, to specify protocol properties in an intuitive
and concise manner. The key idea of our approach is to separate protocol properties from functional properties written in
pre and post-conditions and to specify them in a regular expression-like notation. The semantics of our extension is formally
defined and provides a foundation for implementing runtime checks. Case studies have been performed to show the effectiveness
our approach. We believe that our approach can be adopted by other BISLs.
相似文献
4.
Object-oriented modelling languages such as EMOF are often used to specify domain specific meta-models. However, these modelling
languages lack the ability to describe behavior or operational semantics. Several approaches have used a subset of Java mixed
with OCL as executable meta-languages. In this experience report we show how we use Smalltalk as an executable meta-language
in the context of the M oose reengineering environment. We present how we implemented EMOF and its behavioral aspects. Over the last decade we validated
this approach through incrementally building a meta-described reengineering environment. Such an approach bridges the gap
between a code-oriented view and a meta-model driven one. It avoids the creation of yet another language and reuses the infrastructure
and run-time of the underlying implementation language. It offers an uniform way of letting developers focus on their tasks
while at the same time allowing them to meta-describe their domain model. The advantage of our approach is that developers
use the same tools and environment they use for their regular tasks. Still the approach is not Smalltalk specific but can be applied to language offering an
introspective API such as Ruby, Python, CLOS, Java and C#.
相似文献
5.
Human interactions with geographical information are contextualized by problem-solving activities which endow meaning to geospatial
data and processing. However, existing spatial data models have not taken this aspect of semantics into account. This paper
extends spatial data semantics to include not only the contents and schemas, but also the contexts of their use. We specify
such a semantic model in terms of three related components: activity-centric context representation, contextualized ontology
space, and context mediated semantic exchange. Contextualization of spatial data semantics allows the same underlying data
to take multiple semantic forms, and disambiguate spatial concepts based on localized contexts. We demonstrate how such a
semantic model supports contextualized interpretation of vague spatial concepts during human–GIS interactions. We employ conversational
dialogue as the mechanism to perform collaborative diagnosis of context and to coordinate sharing of meaning across agents
and data sources.
相似文献
6.
Meta modeling is a wide-spread technique to define visual languages, with the UML being the most prominent one. Despite several
advantages of meta modeling such as ease of use, the meta modeling approach has one disadvantage: it is not constructive,
i.e., it does not offer a direct means of generating instances of the language. This disadvantage poses a severe limitation
for certain applications. For example, when developing model transformations, it is desirable to have enough valid instance
models available for large-scale testing. Producing such a large set by hand is tedious. In the related problem of compiler
testing, a string grammar together with a simple generation algorithm is typically used to produce words of the language automatically.
In this paper, we introduce instance-generating graph grammars for creating instances of meta models, thereby overcoming the
main deficit of the meta modeling approach for defining languages.
相似文献
7.
The Object Constraint Language (OCL) has been for many years formalized both in its syntax and semantics in the language standard.
While the official definition of OCL’s syntax is already widely accepted and strictly supported by most OCL tools, there is
no such agreement on OCL’s semantics, yet. In this paper, we propose an approach based on metamodeling and model transformations
for formalizing the semantics of OCL. Similarly to OCL’s official semantics, our semantics formalizes the semantic domain
of OCL, i.e. the possible values to which OCL expressions can evaluate, by a metamodel. Contrary to OCL’s official semantics,
the evaluation of OCL expressions is formalized in our approach by model transformations written in QVT. Thanks to the chosen
format, our semantics definition for OCL can be automatically transformed into a tool, which evaluates OCL expressions in
a given context. Our work on the formalization of OCL’s semantics resulted also in the identification and better understanding
of important semantic concepts, on which OCL relies. These insights are of great help when OCL has to be tailored as a constraint
language of a given DSL. We show on an example, how the semantics of OCL has to be redefined in order to become a constraint
language in a database domain.
相似文献
8.
The model-driven software development paradigm requires that appropriate model transformations are applicable in different
stages of the development process. The transformations have to consistently propagate changes between the different involved
models and thus ensure a proper model synchronization. However, most approaches today do not fully support the requirements
for model synchronization and focus only on classical one-way batch-oriented transformations. In this paper, we present our
approach for an incremental model transformation which supports model synchronization. Our approach employs the visual, formal,
and bidirectional transformation technique of triple graph grammars. Using this declarative specification formalism, we focus
on the efficient execution of the transformation rules and how to achieve an incremental model transformation for synchronization
purposes. We present an evaluation of our approach and demonstrate that due to the speedup for the incremental processing
in the average case even larger models can be tackled.
相似文献
9.
The paper reflects on the unique experience of social and technological development in Lithuania since the regaining of independence
as a newly reshaped society constructing a distinctive competitive IST-based model at global level. This has presented Lithuanian
pattern of how to integrate different experiences and relations between generations in implementing complex information society
approaches. The resulting programme in general is linked to the Lisbon objectives of the European Union. The experience of
transitional countries in Europe, each different but facing some common problems, may be useful to developing countries in
Africa.
相似文献
10.
An important area of Human Reliability Assessment in interactive systems is the ability to understand the causes of human
error and to model their occurrence. This paper investigates a new approach to analysis of task failures based on patterns
of operator behaviour, in contrast with more traditional event-based approaches. It considers, as a case study, a formal model
of an Air Traffic Control system operator’s task which incorporates a simple model of the high-level cognitive processes involved.
The cognitive model is formalised in the CSP process algebra. Various patterns of behaviour that could lead to task failure
are described using temporal logic. Then a model-checking technique is used to verify whether the set of selected behavioural
patterns is sound and complete with respect to the definition of task failure. The decomposition is shown to be incomplete
and a new behavioural pattern is identified, which appears to have been overlooked in the informal analysis of the problem.
This illustrates how formal analysis of operator models can yield fresh insights into how failures may arise in interactive
systems.
相似文献
11.
An important aspect in the specification of conceptual schemas is the definition of general constraints that cannot be expressed
by the predefined constructs provided by conceptual modeling languages. This is generally achieved by using general-purpose
languages like OCL. In this paper we propose a new approach that facilitates the definition of such general constraints in
UML. More precisely, we define a profile that extends the set of predefined UML constraints by adding certain types of constraints
that are commonly used in conceptual schemas. We also show how our proposal facilitates reasoning about the constraints and
their automatic code generation, study the application of our ideas to the specification of two real-life applications, and
present a prototype tool implementation.
相似文献
12.
We document the influence on programming language semantics of the Platonism/formalism divide in the philosophy of mathematics.
相似文献
13.
Systematic software reuse is emerging as a promising route to improved software development productivity and quality. While
many benefits of patterns reuse have been identified, there is a need to develop a mechanism for supporting and automating
the reuse of relevant analysis patterns for conceptual modeling. To enable effective reuse of analysis patterns, extant approaches
require judgment about correctly instantiating and combining the analysis patterns. Building on prior research in ontology
and conceptual modeling, we propose a “top-down” approach, referred to as Ontology for Describing Analysis Patterns (ODAP),
to explicitly express the semantics of analysis patterns. We show how ODAP helps provide a mechanism to identify appropriate
instances of analysis patterns including the discovery of valid combinations with other patterns in a patterns base. Thus,
ODAP can enable communication of the meaning of the analysis pattern constructs to modelers and be the basis for a design
support environment that supports the development of conceptual schemas using analysis patterns.
相似文献
14.
A number of mobile applications have emerged that allow users to locate one another. However, people have expressed concerns
about the privacy implications associated with this class of software, suggesting that broad adoption may only happen to the
extent that these concerns are adequately addressed. In this article, we report on our work on P eopleF inder, an application that enables cell phone and laptop users to selectively share their locations with others (e.g. friends,
family, and colleagues). The objective of our work has been to better understand people’s attitudes and behaviors towards
privacy as they interact with such an application, and to explore technologies that empower users to more effectively and
efficiently specify their privacy preferences (or “policies”). These technologies include user interfaces for specifying rules
and auditing disclosures, as well as machine learning techniques to refine user policies based on their feedback. We present
evaluations of these technologies in the context of one laboratory study and three field studies.
相似文献
15.
Context-awareness is emerging as a central issue in ubiquitous computing research. Context-aware computing refers to the idea
that computing devices can sense and react to the physical environment where they are deployed. A great deal of research on
context-awareness has been conducted to explore and address the various challenges related to context acquisition, representation,
distribution, and abstraction. This paper surveys the most relevant approaches to modeling context for ubiquitous computing.
It also evaluates how the existing works utilize contextual information, with respect to the query processing approaches used
to access and manage that information. We also discuss typical problems, shortcomings, and challenges posed by context modeling
at large, and highlight some proposals to address some of them.
相似文献
16.
In this paper, we present an Inverse Multi-Objective Robust Evolutionary (IMORE) design methodology that handles the presence
of uncertainty without making assumptions about the uncertainty structure. We model the clustering of uncertain events in
families of nested sets using a multi-level optimization search. To reduce the high computational costs of the proposed methodology
we proposed schemes for (1) adapting the step-size in estimating the uncertainty, and (2) trimming down the number of calls
to the objective function in the nested search. Both offline and online adaptation strategies are considered in conjunction
with the IMORE design algorithm. Design of Experiments (DOE) approaches further reduce the number of objective function calls
in the online adaptive IMORE algorithm. Empirical studies conducted on a series of test functions having diverse complexities
show that the proposed algorithms converge to a set of Pareto-optimal design solutions with non-dominated nominal and robustness
performances efficiently.
相似文献
17.
Deformations of shapes and distances between shapes are an active research topic in computer vision. We propose an energy
of infinitesimal deformations of continuous 1- and 2-dimensional shapes that is based on the elastic energy of deformed objects.
This energy defines a shape metric which is inherently invariant with respect to Euclidean transformations and yields very
natural deformations which preserve details. We compute shortest paths between planar shapes based on elastic deformations
and apply our approach to the modeling of 2-dimensional shapes.
相似文献
18.
This article presents a metamodeling study for Live Sequence Charts (LSCs) and Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) with an emphasis
on code generation. The article discusses specifically the following points: the approach to building a metamodel for MSCs
and LSCs, a metamodel extension from MSC to LSC, support for model-based code generation, and finally action model and domain-specific
data model integration. The metamodel is formulated in metaGME, the metamodel language for the Generic Modeling Environment.
相似文献
19.
We propose a logical framework for the control theory of reactive systems modeled by discrete event systems. The logic is
the conjunctive nu-calculus, an expressive fragment of the powerful mu-calculus. Conjunctive nu-calculus possesses an alternative
presentation based on modal specifications, with simple graphical representations. We exploit modal specification to specify
and to solve the basic centralized control problem: our class of control objectives strictly subsumes the class of regular
languages, normally used in the classic control theory of discrete-event systems, but the existence of maximally permissive
solutions is however preserved.
相似文献
20.
This paper describes the simulated car racing competition that was arranged as part of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation. Both the game that was used as the domain for the competition, the controllers submitted as entries to the competition
and its results are presented. With this paper, we hope to provide some insight into the efficacy of various computational
intelligence methods on a well-defined game task, as well as an example of one way of running a competition. In the process,
we provide a set of reference results for those who wish to use the simplerace game to benchmark their own algorithms. The paper is co-authored by the organizers and participants of the competition.
相似文献
|