基于数值分析的前向多翼离心风机叶轮的改进

对某双进气前向多翼离心风机进行了数值模拟,分析了此类风机内部流动沿转轴方向的不均匀性,并针对这种特性提出了沿轴向改变叶轮叶片进口角、沿轴向改变叶轮叶片内径2种对叶轮的改进方法。分析结果表明,变角度处理可以改善盖侧叶轮叶片进口的正冲角,减小叶轮内的冲击损失;变内径的处理可以改善叶轮出口速度的不均匀性,有助于减小蜗壳内二次涡流。     

半开式叶轮线性减小叶顶间隙气动性能分析

采用非结构化网格有限体积法和数值方法分析了线性减小叶顶间隙形式对半开式离心叶轮内部流场和气动性能的影响.首先在设计相对间隙下进行了不同流量工况数值分析,然后在设计流量下,分别针对7种从叶轮进口到叶轮出口间隙线性减小的半开式叶轮和7种从叶轮进口到出口等间隙的半开式叶轮进行了数值模拟.与等间隙形式相比.线性减小叶顶间隙形式对半开式离心叶轮的气动性能、泄漏流量、出口绝对气流角和叶轮出口损失的影响呈现出不同的规律.     

基于Kriging模型和遗传算法的泵叶轮两工况水力优化设计

为了拓宽余热排出泵设计高效区的范围,提出了一种基于Kriging近似模型和遗传算法的优化方法。采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法对叶轮叶片的进口冲角?β、包角φ及出口安放角β2进行16组方案设计,并采用ANSYS CFX14.5对16组叶轮方案进行定常数值模拟,选取离心泵设计工况1.0Qd和大流量工况1.62Qd下的效率为水力优化设计目标,建立了效率与叶片三个参数之间的Kriging近似模型,并应用多目标遗传算法对近似模型进行寻优,得到了最优的叶片参数。对原始方案进行外特性试验,数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。优化后,叶轮在两工况下的效率均高于原始泵,效率分别提高了5.53%和2.29%。同时对比优化前后的泵内部速度分布,表明在设计工况和大流量工况下,优化后的叶轮内部相对速度分布更均匀,水力损失较小。提出的叶轮优化方法对泵性能提高提供了有效参考。     

离心叶轮反问题气动设计的简易评价

综述了目前国内外离心叶轮反问题气动设计评价现状与局限性,结合工程实际,从反问题气动计算设计过程自然形成的速度场与求解出的叶轮几何参数出发,开展二维不可压叶片表面边界层及损失﹑叶轮内扩压水平﹑叶轮进口诱导速度比﹑叶片进口前缘冲角及相对马赫数计算,对反问题气动设计计算进行气动效率﹑失速点﹑阻塞点简易定量评估。这些评价结果与CFX计算比较,对应相对误差约为2.6%~6.1%,完全满足工程设计需求,可对透平机械工业设计作出快速评价提供借鉴。     

3DG锅炉给水泵径向导叶的无驼峰设计与分析

为设计某型号3DG锅炉给水泵的径向导叶,并研究径向导叶的进口冲角对扬程、效率等性能参数的影响,基于CFD技术对进口冲角分别取0°、2°、4°、5°、6°等不同角度时的流动机理和性能曲线进行了分析和研究,并对最优方案进行试验验证。结果表明:在径向导叶的进口冲角为5°时,流量-扬程性能曲线没有驼峰,由此可知通过改变径向导叶的进口冲角可以得出无驼峰的流量-扬程曲线。研究结果对锅炉给水泵及其他使用径向导叶的多级泵的设计和优化具有一定的参考和指导意义。     

梯形断面蜗壳式离心泵作透平叶轮的设计与试验

为提高非圆形断面蜗壳式离心泵作透平的效率,以一比转速为193的梯形断面螺旋形蜗壳式离心泵为原型,设计了适应此类泵作透平运行的透平专用叶轮。根据原型泵梯形断面蜗壳几何参数,依据面积相等的原则,推导梯形断面几何参数与当量圆断面半径的换算关系式;依据等速度矩定律确定叶轮进口速度矩,推导出叶片进口安放角与设计流量的关系表达式;对于叶片进口较宽的情况,在轴面投影图中划分三条流线,分别计算三条流线与叶片出口边交点处的出口安放角;基于ANSYS BladeGen与NX软件建立新叶轮的三维模型,制作试验叶轮,开展外特性试验,并进行数值模拟分析。结果表明:新叶轮将透平最高效率由71.9%提高到了77.3%,较原型叶轮透平最高效率提高了7.5%,且新叶轮在75~130 m~3/h的流量区间均能高于72%的效率运行,效率曲线较平坦,高效区运行范围宽。数值计算结果分析表明新叶轮进口能较好地适应螺旋形蜗壳的出流;从叶片进口到叶片出口,液体压能得以较均匀地转换,叶轮内的水力损失较原型泵叶轮内部显著减小。透平试验高效点与给定的设计流量一致,验证了该文提出的透平叶轮设计理论和方法是合理可行的。     

基于损失计算的水泵性能综合预测及分析

以降低叶轮进口冲击混合损失为目标,对进口边为径向和轴向两种情况下的叶轮进口条件进行了优化,得到了相应的进口直径计算公式。基于流体力学理论,充分利用水泵进出口速度分布等宏观物理参量描述流体在叶轮流道内的流动,借助速度三角形分析计算离心泵内的各种损失,很好地揭示了几何参数对水泵性能的影响趋势,对水泵进行了综合性能预测。基于损失计算的水泵性能综合预测及分析方法可预测设计工况和非设计工况下的水泵性能,它集性能分析与设计于一体,为水泵新产品设计和现有产品改进提供了切实有效的工程实用方法。     

机载离心式制冷压缩机叶轮级流动仿真研究

离心式制冷压缩机对机载蒸汽压缩制冷系统有重要影响;大流量离心制冷压缩机的运行效率远大于小流量压缩机效率,针对现有的双级小流量离心制冷压缩机,通过实验测试和CFD仿真,对制冷剂R134a在泵式叶轮内的流动进行了分析。结果表明:在所测试参数条件下,叶轮进口靠近压力面处的制冷工质出现明显的二次流现象,气体流动出现盖面分离,叶轮内部损失较大;改变叶轮叶片出口安装角可提高效率及压比;针对不同叶轮叶片数的仿真计算对比,可确定在所设计模型中最佳叶片数。     

基于损失计算的水泵性能综合预测及分析

以降低叶轮进口冲击混合损失为目标,对进口边为径向和轴向两种情况下的叶轮进口条件进行了优化,得到了相应的进口直径计算公式.基于流体力学理论,充分利用水泵进出口速度分布等宏观物理参量描述流体在叶轮流道内的流动,借助速度三角形分析计算离心泵内的各种损失,很好地揭示了几何参数对水泵性能的影响趋势,对水泵进行了综合性能预测.基于损失计算的水泵性能综合预测及分析方法可预测设计工况和非设计工况下的水泵性能,它集性能分析与设计于一体,为水泵新产品设计和现有产品改造提供了切实有效的工程实用方法.     

大流量工况高比转速潜水排污泵空化性能分析及优化

为提升高比转速潜水排污泵在大流量工况下的空化性能,通过增大叶片进口安放角、减小包角的同时前移叶片进口边的方法,在不改变叶轮外形尺寸的基础上对叶轮叶片进行优化。基于CFD数值计算,预测了3个流量工况下的优化方案(方案二)高比转速潜水排污泵的外特性性能和空化性能,并与原有方案(方案一)的性能进行了对比分析。结果表明:随着空化余量的降低,叶轮进口边附近逐渐产生低压区,主要集中在叶片进口边背面。在叶轮外形尺寸不改变的基础上,增大叶片进口安放角、减小包角的同时前移叶片进口边,不仅可以提高高比转速潜水排污泵的外特性性能,还可以提高大流量工况时的空化性能。在流量为1 500 m~3/h时,必需空化余量仅为5.37m,比原有方案的空化性能提升了6.24m。     

Average Velocity Measurements in Six Automotive Torque Converters Part II: Turbine Measurements

The internal flow fields of two automotive Plexiglas torque converter turbines with three different pumps were examined. A laser velocimeter was utilized to measure the velocity flow field at the turbine inlet and mid-planes in the six different geometry combinations; the stator was the same for all combinations. The turbine geometries differed only by the inlet blade angle, while the pump geometries differed only by the exit blade angle. The torque converter was operated at three different turbine/pump rotational speed ratios: 0.065 (near stall), 0.600, and 0.800 (near coupling point). For all geometries at the inlet plane the flow is fairly uniform in the blade-to-blade direction at all speed ratios. Velocities are most uniform in the core-to-shell direction at high speed ratios, but high velocities move near the shell at lower speed ratios. At the mid-plane, at low speed ratios the velocities are significantly higher near the pressure surface but as the speed ratio increases, the gradient decreases. At low speed ratios velocities are higher near the shell but this distribution becomes uniform at higher speed ratios. In general the flow became more uniform as the speed ratio increased. Variations in the pump exit blade angle had effects on both inlet and mid-plane velocity distributions and are documented. Variations in turbine inlet blade angle altered the inlet and mid-plane flow fields, but less so than the pump variations. A clockwise circulatory secondary flow pattern at the turbine inlet plane was observed for all geometries and, conversely, counter-clockwise circulatory secondary flow patterns at the mid-plane were recorded. Resulting vorticities were found to depend on geometries and speed ratios. The turbine leading edge incidence angles were found to strongly depend on the speed ratio, ranging from positive to negative, as well as pump and turbine blade angles.     

不同叶片冲角离心泵内流诱导振动噪声研究

基于离心泵流动诱导振动噪声的试验测试系统,测量了不同叶片进口冲角模型泵在全流量范围内的振动和噪声信号并对其进行了处理和分析。研究结果表明:叶片进口冲角存在一个最优值,使离心泵的性能最佳;模型泵内部流动诱导的振动对泵体的影响最大,随着叶片进口冲角的增加,在各流量下模型泵噪声信号的轴频和叶频能量峰值均没有明显变化规律,但当叶片进口冲角为9°时,在1750～2250Hz频段内的噪声信号消失。     

Computational study on the performance improvement of axial-flow pump by inlet guide vanes at part loads

In order to investigate the influence of adjustable inlet guide vanes on the hydraulic performance of axial-flow pump and impeller, the axial-flow pump with different inlet guide vane adjustable angles was simulated based on the RNG k-ε turbulent model and Reynolds time-averaged equations. The multivariate non-linear regression prediction model was established about the effect of adjustable inlet guide vane on the hydraulic performance of axial-flow pump based on the numerical simulation. The performance curves of axial-flow pump with different inlet guide vane adjustable angles were obtained by calculation, showing that the performance curve shifts towards larger flow volume in case the guide vanes are turned from positive to negative angle. With the increase of inlet guide vane positive angle, the optimum operating of pump is closer to smaller operating condition, but the hydraulic efficiency of pump is lower. The larger the flow is, the larger the decreasing amplitude of pump efficiency is. With the decreases of inlet guide vane negative angle, the higher hydraulic efficiency of pump increases first then decreases. The inlet guide vane angle affects the axial velocity distribution of the blade trailing edge.

     

Passive flow control in liquid-propellant rocket engines with cavitating venturi

In a companion liquid rocket engine development project, due to the overall weight constraint of the propulsion system, a cavitating venturi is selected to control the liquid fuel and liquid oxidizer mass flow rates. Two cavitating venturis, one for the fuel and the other for the oxidizer, are designed to deliver the desired mass flow rates for a specified operating inlet pressure, temperature, and inlet cross-sectional area. The converging and diverging angles of the venturis are selected from the literature for minimum pressure losses. An experimental setup is designed to verify that the cavitating venturis can deliver the specified flow rates. Two different techniques are used to pressurize the system: in the first method, pressurized nitrogen gas is used, and in the second method, high pressure combustion gases generated from a solid propellant gas generator are used. Transient mass flow rates could not be measured using standard methods due to the short duration of the water tests; instead, average mass flow rates are calculated. The results verify that the designed cavitating venturis can indeed provide the desired mass flow rates.     

Static pressure recovery analysis in the vane island diffuser of a centrifugal pump

The overall performance of a vane-island type diffuser of a centrifugal pump model was obtained by means of directional probe traverses. These measurements were performed in an air model of a real hydraulic pump for five volume flow rates. Directional probe traverses are performed with a classical three-hole probe to cover most of the complete inlet section of the diffuser from hub to shroud and from pressure to suction side. Existing Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement results are also used to compare probe measurement results between the inlet and outlet throats of vane island diffuser at mid-span. Some assistance from already existing unsteady calculation, including leakage effects, is used to evaluate the numerical approach capability and to correctly define the mean initial conditions at impeller’s outlet section. Pressure recovery and the measured total pressure loss levels inside this particular vane diffuser geometry are then calculated. Detailed analysis of the flow structure at the inlet section of the vane island diffuser is presented to focus on pressure evolution inside the entire diffuser section for different flow rates. The combined effects of incidence angle and blockage distributions along hub to shroud direction are found to play an important role on loss distribution in such a diffuser.     

Flow uniformity in a multi-intake pump sump model

The head-capacity curves for pumps developed by the pump manufacturer are based on tests of a single pump operation in a semi-infinite basin with no close walls or floors and with no stray currents. Therefore, flow into the pump intake is with no vortices or swirling. However, pump station designers relying on these curves to define the operating conditions for the pump selected sometimes experience reductions of capacity and efficiency, as well as the increase of vibration and additional noise, which are caused by free air mixed with the pump inlet flow. Therefore, sump model test is necessary in order to examine the flow structure around pump intake. In this study, flow uniformity according to the flow distribution in the pump intake channel is examined to find out the cause of vortex occurrence in detail. A multi-intake pump sump model with 7 pump intakes and a single-intake pump sump model are adopted for the investigation. Furthermore, effectiveness of anti-submerged vortex device (AVD) for the suppression of the vortex occurrence in a single pump intake, as well as in a multi-intake pump sump model has been examined by the methods of experiment and numerical analysis. The results show that most high value of flow uniformity is found at the inlet of pump intakes #3 and 5 in the multi-intake pump sump with 7 pump intakes. Therefore, when the pump station is designed, the flow patterns at the upstream region of pump intake inlet in the forebay diffusing area should be to consider in detail because the unbalanced flow at the channel inlet region gives considerable influence on the vortex occurrence around bell-mouth. Strong submerged vortex can be successfully suppressed by AVD installation on the bottom of pump intake channel just below the bell mouth.     

涡旋液压泵内部流动与压力脉动的数值模拟

采用CFD技术对涡旋泵内部流场进行三维非定常模拟,得到了不同转角下工作腔内压力、速度、气相体积分数以及进出口流量等参数,并进一步分析了泵内的压力脉动。研究结果表明:由于泵进口位置的不对称以及高速旋转下动盘对油的扰动作用,导致2个工作腔内流动的不对称;在高压差的作用下,动静盘啮合间隙处存在高速射流现象,并在间隙下游产生大面积的空化;在吸液末期和排液初期工作腔内会产生较高的压力脉动,严重影响泵的稳定性;通过降低转速、增大轴向间隙、缩短型线长度等方法可有效改善压力脉动现象。     

不同液压能耦合模式下蓄电池轨道工程车的加速功率特性

为降低轨道工程车辆加速时的电功率，以电静液压串联混合动力系统为研究对象，提出基于泵进出口压差调节的泵入口流量耦合加速方式。分析了泵入口流量耦合、泵出口流量耦合、并联马达扭矩耦合三种加速方式下系统液压参数和动力学参数对电功率的影响关系，探讨了不同液压能耦合模式下轨道工程车加速时的节能特性。AMESim与MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真和实验结果表明：在并联马达扭矩耦合与泵入口流量耦合模式下加速时降低电功率和节能效果明显，但前者存在较大的系统冲击，对车辆底架空间要求更严苛，成本更高，而泵入口流量耦合模式则兼具较好的节能性、稳定性及经济性，具有更好的综合性能。     

Evaluation of four blood pump geometries: the optical tracer technique

Artificial blood pump assistance of the failing human heart can allow it to recover. Analysis of blood pump fluid flow is a useful tool for design development and thrombosis minimization. The aim of this study was to investigate fluid flow, particularly ventricular clearance rate and stagnation areas, in four different blood pump geometries and to determine the best design. The blood pumps consisted of a polyurethane ventricle, and combinations of inlet/outlet pipe angles and compression plate shapes. A video camera recorded the motion of fluid labelled with an optical tracer (Methyl Blue histological dye). A novel processing method was developed to produce colour maps of tracer concentration, experimentally calibrated. An overall picture of fluid flow in each pump geometry was generated by considering clearance curves, tracer concentration maps and inflow jet animations. Overall and local mixing coefficients are calculated for each pump. The best geometry featured straight inlet/outlet pipes and a domed compression plate. This optical tracer technique has proven convenient, economical, sensitive to low concentrations of tracer and provides instantaneous pictures of tracer distribution in a ventricle.