长效防腐蚀涂层体系热带海水环境中22年的腐蚀行为

钢结构在海洋环境中腐蚀严重,为了提供好的防护体系,对金属热喷涂涂层(Zn、Al、Al-Me-Re和Zn-Al)经封闭涂装处理的复合防护体系和以无机富锌为底涂层的重防腐蚀体系,在榆林海水环境下进行连续22 a的长期曝露试验.结果表明:在全浸、潮差和飞溅区,Zn+聚氨酯有机涂层防腐蚀体系在海洋环境中的防腐蚀寿命小于4 a;Al+有机涂层体系、Zn-Al+有机涂层体系和Al-Me-Re+有机涂层体系的防腐蚀寿命大于16 a,尤其在榆林全浸区防腐蚀寿命大于22 a;无机富锌+8401有机涂层体系,在全浸、潮差和飞溅区防腐蚀寿命可达16 a.说明Al+有机涂层、Zn-Al+有机涂层和Al-Me-Re+有机涂层体系在海洋环境中具有优异的防腐蚀性能.     

镁合金表面热喷涂铝基涂层研究进展

介绍了镁合金表面热喷涂技术的特点及国内外采用热喷涂技术为镁合金表面提供Al涂层防护的研究现状,指出了镁合金表面热喷涂技术获得Al涂层在防护中存在的不足,从喷涂工艺和喷涂材料的角度分析了镁合金表面热喷涂Al涂层技术的发展趋势,并提出了今后镁合金表面热喷涂Al涂层防护工作需要解决的两个主要问题:降低热喷涂Al涂层的孔隙率和从材料本身提高Al涂层的耐磨防腐性能。     

金属热喷涂在海洋采油平台防腐中的应用

热喷涂技术经过近100年的发展,已在国民经济各部门获得了广泛的应用。目前在海洋采油平台防腐中应用的热喷涂技术主要是由喷涂锌、铝金属涂层加有机封闭层组成的长效防护复合涂层。与一般有机涂层相比,其主要优点有：①防护期长：喷锌、喷铝复合涂层,防护有效期一般可达30—50年②不存在老化变质问题③耐磨、耐冲刷、抗擦伤性能好。本文以电弧喷涂为例,介绍了金属热喷涂工艺流程和施工要点。     

海洋环境下热喷涂锌、铝及其合金涂层防腐蚀机理研究概况

综述了国内外几十年来在不同海水环境中对热喷涂锌铝及其合金涂层防护性能和机理研究的成果.热喷涂锌铝及其合金涂层在海洋环境中具有优良的长效防护性能,锌具有优良的电化学保护性,铝具有比锌更好的化学稳定性,锌铝合金既保留了锌的电化学特点,又具有铝的化学稳定性能.指出了今后的研究重点应该是金属与有机复合层在浪花飞溅区苛刻腐蚀环境下界面的腐蚀规律和腐蚀机理的探讨,对金属与有机复合层界面的腐蚀原因在理论上做出了本质的解释,并能预测涂层体系的防腐蚀寿命.     

海洋钢铁件锌铝喷涂技术典型工程实例回顾

我国的热喷涂防腐蚀技术起步晚,在腐蚀严重的海洋环境中钢铁设施的热喷涂长效防护应用目前仍是空白.研究热喷涂锌、铝及其合金涂层在腐蚀严重的海洋环境中钢铁设施的热喷涂长效防护性能,对于人类开发和利用海洋具有重大的战略意义.介绍了喷涂锌铝涂层技术在国内外海洋平台、海上大桥和海上舰船等海洋钢铁构件的应用实例,结果表明,热喷涂锌铝及其合金涂层已成为一种成熟的近海和海洋钢铁设施的防护技术,经过适当封闭的热喷铝涂层在常温和高温下对处于飞溅区的钢结构均表现出优良的防腐蚀性能.     

铝、铝镁混合稀土合金及锌铝合金涂层在A3钢上的电位特性及变化规律

前言本文采用线材火焰喷涂法,对Al—Mg—Re、Zn—Al和Al涂层进行了浸溃腐蚀试验和周浸腐蚀试验。从涂层电位的角度对钝化进行了研究。以考核铬酸锌型封闭剂对涂层抗腐蚀性的影响。以A_3钢为基材的涂层分别放入3%、3.5%、5%的氯化钠溶液中,室温浸泡,测定了这些涂层相对于饱和甘汞电极的电极电位,涂层的常规物理性能,如结合力、硬度等,以便为设计部门选用热喷涂工艺对钢铁构件进行保护提供依据。     

热喷涂技术开发应用的三大领域

热喷涂技术在机械维修、大面积防护和制备特殊功能涂层三大领域有着广阔的应用前景。机械磨损零件采用热喷涂(焊)强化表面,可成倍提高使用寿命。线材喷铝、锌防护,寿命可达20年以上,达到长效防护的目的。各种功能涂层则可利用涂层的特殊性能实现抗氧化、耐高温、绝热、导电、绝缘等多种用途。     

热喷涂技术在锅炉管道防护中的应用进展

综述了锅炉管道防护的研究现状,详细阐述了用于锅炉管道防护的金属涂层、金属陶瓷复合涂层、Fe-Al基复合涂层、Al基涂层等及涂层制备方法的研究进展.     

纯铜热喷涂陶瓷/渗铝复合涂层的制备及耐磨性研究

基于普通火焰热喷涂技术,制备了铜基陶瓷/渗铝复合涂层。实验表明,XRD分析发现该工艺制备的涂层中有Cu9Al4、Cu5Zn8、Cu3Ti等新相生成;SEM观察到渗铝层部分有γ2相(Cu9Al4)析出;其渗铝层显微硬度显著提高;该涂层热震次数可达50次以上;未封孔条件下该凃层耐磨性提高到基体的6.18倍;以上各性能均优于纯铜渗铝层和单纯陶瓷涂层。     

纯铜表面反应热喷涂法制备Al2O3基复合陶瓷涂层

采用热喷涂技术,以Al-CuO为主反应体系,在纯铜表面制备Al2O3基复合陶瓷涂层.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了复合陶瓷涂层的组成及组织形貌.结果表明,在涂层间及涂层内部有Nicu及AlxCuy化合物生成,其有助于增强涂层的结合性能,实现了复合陶瓷涂层与过渡层为机械、微区冶金和化学结合并存的结合方式.当喷距为150mm时,陶瓷涂层表面粒子融化率较高,粒子成扁平片状,同时Al的适当过量可以起到弥补喷涂过程中Al的损失并为体系提供良好液相环境的作用.     

Aluminum Coatings for Steel

Aluminum coated steel possesses excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance in sulfur and marine: environments and can substitute for expensive alloy of steels. Hot dip aluminizing (HAD) and pack cementation calorizing (CAL) are dealt with in detail. IN HDA coats, some alloying action takes place, when the substrate is dipped in molten Al at 973 K for 1-2 minutes. The coat consists of an outer pure Al layer, followed by a hard intermetallic layer consisting of FeAl₃ and Fe₂Al₅, forming a serrated interface with the base. Isothermal holding of such samples at 773-933 K for 10 minutes leads to further diffusion and phase changes. This improves resistance to thermal shock and bending. In CAL coats, the process parameters (1173-1223 K/2-4 h and pack composition), were optimized, resulting in appreciable alloying. The surface layer consists of Fe3Al and FeAl, which is comparable to the inner alloy layer of HDA coats. The structures/ property correlation is carried out for both coatings and the results compared.     

An investigation on the soldering of Al 3003/Zn sheets

In this research, Al 3003/Zn sheets with different Zn layer thicknesses (as filler layer) have been soldered to the monolithic Al 3003 sheets. The effects of Zn layer thickness and soldering time at the peak temperature on the joint strength of soldered Al 3003 alloy by pure Zn filler (as the soldering sheets) have been evaluated. Furthermore, microstructure and fracture mechanism of Al 3003/Zn/Al 3003 soldered joints have been studied. The results indicate that by decreasing the Zn layer thickness and increasing the holding time at the peak temperature of soldering, the joint strength improves. Additionally, microscope examinations show that the fracture type of the Al 3003/Zn/Al 3003 soldered joint is predominantly brittle.     

粉末冶金锌铝合金的扩散行为

研究了用粉末冶金法制备的Zn-5Al试样在各种实验条件中的变化及其有关的界面作用,讨论了Zn-Al共析组织的形成机理.结果表明,锌粉和铝粉颗粒表面的氧化物层严重阻碍合金化的进行;原子沿晶界(相界)和自由表面的扩散在共析组织的形成过程中起到了关键性的作用;锌能溶入铝中,而铝几乎不能溶入锌中,共析组织出现的范围受到原来铝粉颗粒尺寸的限制;锌粉和铝粉扩散形成共析组织实际是柯肯达尔效应的一种应用,空位扩散机制在起作用.     

不同应变率下MgAlZnY合金的拉伸性能与断口研究

利用材料试验机开展了室温拉伸实验,在0.001,0.1,0.6s-1不同应变率下,研究了Mg3Al1Zn2Y,Mg3Al2Zn2Y与Mg3Al6Zn2Y合金流动应力的应变率敏感性,其大小为Mg3Al2Zn2YMg3Al1Zn2YMg3Al6Zn2Y。基于分形理论和计算机图像处理技术,结合扫描电镜分析,研究了合金断裂特征,结果表明:合金在不同应变率拉伸下的断口分形行为显著,分形维数可将断口的韧脆性与形貌特征联系起来,分形维数越大,合金塑性相对越好,合金越倾向于延性断裂,断口形貌也越复杂;三种合金断裂特性的应变率敏感性大小为Mg3Al2Zn2YMg3Al6Zn2YMg3Al1Zn2Y,且表现出正负不同的应变率效应。     

Reliability studies of Cu/Al joints brazed with Zn–Al–Ce filler metals

This paper examines the effect of different Ce content on the properties and microstructures of Zn–22Al filler metals and Cu/Al brazing joints. The results indicate that, the spreading area on Cu substrates of Zn–22Al filler metal could be improved by 29.7% with the addition of 0.03 wt% Ce, whereas the oxidation resistance of the alloy increased significantly. The thermal behaviors of Zn–22Al filler metals were minimally influenced by the addition of Ce. The Zn–22Al–xCe filler metals show finer and more uniform microstructures when the added Ce content is in the range 0.03–0.05 wt%. Particularly, the addition of trace Ce into the Zn–22Al filler metal can refine the microstructures and decrease the thickness of the layer of intermetallic compounds produced in the Cu/Al brazing joints. Some bright (Zn,Al)–Ce intermetallic compounds particles were observed in the alloy when the Ce content exceeds 0.08 wt%. The results also indicate that the shear strength of Cu/Al joint brazed with Zn–22Al–0.05Ce is 30.3% higher than that of the Zn–22Al filler metal. Some hard and brittle Ce-bearing intermetallic compounds particles appear in the fracture surface when the Ce content is 0.25 wt%, which resulted in the weakening of the mechanical properties of Cu/Al brazing joints.     

激光熔覆镍基合金与铝反应合成Ni-Al金属间化合物覆层的研究

以镍基合金和铝为原料,利用激光熔覆技术在低碳钢表面反应合成Ni-Al金属间化合物覆层。采用SEM,EDX,TEM和XRD等表征手段对试样的组织和相结构进行分析。结果表明:激光熔覆镍基合金与铝反应合金覆层由β-Ni Al和γ′-Ni3Al两相构成,两相中均固溶有一定量Fe,Si元素。β-Ni Al相含量较多,为细小、均匀、交错分布的树枝晶,Ni,Al间的反应放热使树枝晶呈现等轴化趋势;γ′-Ni3Al相含量较少,呈连续网状分布于β-Ni Al树枝晶周围,这种结构有利于降低覆层脆性。在1.5kW功率下,激光熔覆镍基合金及铝反应合成的β-Ni Al和γ′-Ni3Al两相合金覆层致密,有少量气孔但无裂纹现象,覆层与基体实现完全冶金结合。     

Study on low temperature brazing of magnesium alloy to aluminum alloy using Sn–xZn solders

In this article, a series of Sn–xZn solders are designed for joining Mg/Al dissimilar metals by low temperature brazing. The effect of Zn content in Sn–Zn solders on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the different brazed joints are investigated. The experimental results indicate that Sn–30Zn alloy is identified as the optimized solder. Al–Sn–Zn solid solutions form and disperse in the brazing zone of the Mg/Sn–30Zn/Al brazed joint, decreasing the risk of embrittlement of the brazed joint. The average shear strength of Mg/Sn–30Zn/Al brazed joint can reach 70.73 MPa. The joint fractures in the coarse blocky Mg₂Sn intermetallic phases in the center of the brazing zone.     

The formation mechanism of intermetallic compounds in Al/Mg friction-stir weld joint

The mechanical properties of dissimilar metal joints are strongly related to the brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) that form at the weld interfaces. In this study, the effects of temperature, local composition and plastic strain on the formation mechanism of IMCs in a welded joint between 6061 Al and AZ31 Mg were investigated. The results demonstrate that Al₃Mg₂ is formed when the strain rate reaches 10?s^?1, even though the temperature is lower than the Al–Mg eutectic temperature, which suggests that plastic deformation may accelerate the formation of IMCs in the deformation zone. Meanwhile, the formation of Al–Mg IMCs can be suppressed by Mg–Zn and Al–Mg–Zn compounds when Zn filler is added at the Al/Mg interfaces.     

PVD thermal barrier coating systems for Mo–Si–B alloys

Abstract

Oxidation protective layers with chemical compositions of Mo–70Al, Mo–46Si–24B, Mo–37Si–15B and Mo–47Si–24Al (at.-%) were deposited on Mo–9Si–8B specimens by magnetron sputtering. After pre-oxidation of the coated samples, ceramic topcoats of yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and gadolinium zirconate (GZO) were applied using electron-beam physical vapour deposition. Both as-deposited YSZ and GZO topcoats exhibited good adhesion to the pre-oxidised bond coats. The different thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems were exposed to air at 1000 °C for periods between 20 and 100 h. The YSZ topcoat was tightly-adherent to the borosilicate scale grown on the Mo–46Si–24B bond coat after 20 h of exposure. Similar results were obtained for GZO topcoats deposited on Mo–46Si–24B and Mo–37Si–15B bond coats. The TBC system consisting of GZO topcoat and Mo–47Si–24Al bond coat, which formed a mixed scale of silica and mullite-like oxides, survived 100 h at 1000 °C. However, after this exposure time, the bond coats were approaching their lifetime due to the low layer thickness (5–10 μm). Oxidation of the Mo–Si–B substrate at unprotected areas around the suspension hole of the samples caused severe deterioration of the Mo–70Al bond coat and substantial degradation of the outer region of the GZO topcoat due to chemical reactions with MoO₃.     

Effects of Ga–Ag, Ga–Al and Al–Ag additions on the wetting characteristics of Sn–9Zn–X–Y lead-free solders

The effects of Ga–Al, Ga–Ag and Al–Ag binary additions on the wetting characteristics of Sn–9Zn–X–Y lead-free solders are studied by the wetting balance method. Experimental results show that Sn–9Zn–1.0Ga–0.3Ag, Sn–9Zn–0.005Al–0.3Ag, and Sn–9Zn–0.3Ga–0.002Al possess better wettability than the other alloys tested. The mechanism by which Ga, Al, and Ag additions improve the wettability is also proposed. It appears that dense aluminum oxide film formation and the enrichment of Ga on the surface may protect the bulk liquid solder from further oxidation. Moreover, results also indicate that, AgZn₃ IMCs layer formed at the interface, which may release reaction energy during the wetting, results in improving the wettability of the solder.