Negative Poisson's Ratio in Modern Functional Materials

Materials with negative Poisson's ratio attract considerable attention due to their underlying intriguing physical properties and numerous promising applications, particularly in stringent environments such as aerospace and defense areas, because of their unconventional mechanical enhancements. Recent progress in materials with a negative Poisson's ratio are reviewed here, with the current state of research regarding both theory and experiment. The inter‐relationship between the underlying structure and a negative Poisson's ratio is discussed in functional materials, including macroscopic bulk, low‐dimensional nanoscale particles, films, sheets, or tubes. The coexistence and correlations with other negative indexes (such as negative compressibility and negative thermal expansion) are also addressed. Finally, open questions and future research opportunities are proposed for functional materials with negative Poisson's ratios.     

Fe基大块非晶合金塑性的研究进展

Fe基大块非晶合金因其优良的性能和成本优势已引起研究者的广泛关注,但脆性极大的缺陷阻碍其走向工程应用。综述了Fe基大块非晶合金塑性研究领域的最新进展,分析了其脆性产生的机理。介绍了目前常用的对Fe基大块非晶合金进行塑性增韧的方法,即成分设计法(微合金化)和添加第二相增韧法,提出了当前研究的重点。     

Poisson's Ratio in Linear Viscoelasticity – A Critical Review

Poisson's ratio is an elastic constant defined as the ratio of thelateral contraction to the elongation in the infinitesimal uniaxialextension of a homogeneous isotropic body. In a viscoelastic materialPoisson's ratio is a function of time (or frequency) that depends on thetime regime chosen to elicit it. It is important as one of the materialfunctions that characterize bulk behavior.This paper develops the linear theory of the time- orfrequency-dependent Poisson's ratio, and it reviews work on itsexperimental determination. The latter poses severe difficulties in viewof the high accuracy required. Thus, reliable information on theviscoelastic Poisson's ratio is as yet rather scanty.The paper also reports on attempts to measure the Poisson's ratioof a viscoelastic material as a function of temperature. Lateralcontraction in creep and at constant rate of extension receivesattention as well.     

Mechanical Properties of a Novel Zero Poisson's Ratio Honeycomb

In this paper, a novel honeycomb is proposed by embedding a rib into every cell of the existing zero Poisson's ratio (ZPR) configuration, semi re‐entrant honeycomb (SRH). Analytical model is developed to investigate the in‐plane mechanical properties of the new honeycomb, and the resulting theoretical expressions are compared with the experimental tests and numerical results obtained from two different finite element (FE) models (3D beam model and 3D solid model), leading to a good correlation. FE analysis, analytical modeling, and experimental tests of the new honeycomb show that it can achieve ZPR effect in two principal directions. For further studies, parameters analyses are carried out to explore the dependence of the in‐plane mechanical properties versus the geometric parameters. The results show that bending is the dominated deformation model when the new honeycomb is compressed along the x‐ direction, while stretch controlled in the y‐ directional compression. It is remarkable that the new proposed honeycomb features superior specific stiffness and more flexible in mechanical properties tailoring compared to the other ZPR honeycombs in the literature. Given these benefits, the new honeycomb may be promising in some practical applications.

     

纳米晶金属材料塑性变形及超塑性行为研究进展

纳米晶块体材料有望改善金属材料传统的加工工艺并且在应用方面有很广阔的前景.结合近年来实验研究、计算机模拟及理论计算等各方面的分析结果对纳米晶金属块体材料在塑性和超塑性方面的研究进展情况进行了评述,分析了影响纳米晶金属块体材料力学性能的因素,并对其变形机理进行了初步探讨.     

非晶合金泡沫材料的研究进展

非晶合金泡沫是结合金属泡沫与非晶合金两者优点而发展起来的一类新型结构材料。作为轻质与强韧的完美统一,非晶合金泡沫材料近年来受到国内外学者越来越多的关注。本文简要综述了非晶合金泡沫的发展、制备以及力学性能的研究进展,提出当前工作中存在的问题,并就本领域今后值得关注的问题进行展望。     

Effect of Poisson's Ratio on the Limiting Stressed State of a Coating

We present relations for the calculation of equivalent stresses in a coating. Plots of equivalent stresses against the difference in Poisson's ratio between the substrate and the coating have been constructed. It has been shown that the calculated curves give a good fit to the magnitudes of the maximum normal and equivalent stresses for different coatings. Analysis of the results obtained shows that it is necessary to take into account the effect of Poisson's ratio of the coating on the equivalent stresses and, accordingly, on the limiting stressed state of the coating in the strength analysis of coated structural elements and in the experimental determination of cohesive strength in laboratory tests. When designing coated structural elements, one should seek the combination of the elastic properties of the substrate and coating at which the magnitude of the equivalent stresses in the coating achieves its minimum value.     

应用数字图像相关法测定瓦楞原纸的泊松比

对瓦楞原纸泊松比的测定存在许多困难,传统的接触式方法难以满足测定要求,还没有一种简单高效的方法能解决这个问题。针对传统位移测量方法的不足,提出以数字图像相关法测定瓦楞原纸的泊松比。通过对试样变形前后的图像进行相关性位移分析,将试验所得的实测位移与已标定位移进行对比,所得结果具高度的一致性,相对误差范围为1%～3%。试验测定面纸MD（machine direction）方向和CD（crossmachine direction）方向的泊松比分别为0.175和0.073,芯纸MD方向和CD方向的泊松比分别为0.275和0.119。测试及分析结果表明,应用数字图像相关法测定瓦楞原纸的方法是可行的,具有较佳的应用价值,能为研究纸张的泊松比提供一个新途径。     

Study on Ductility Dip Cracking susceptibility in Filler Metal 82 during welding

In this paper, Ductility Dip Cracking (DDC) susceptibility in Inconel600 companion Filler Metal 82 (FM82) under different stress states is investigated. Inconel600 is a Ni-Cr-Fe alloy with excellent resistance to general corrosion, localized corrosion, and stress corrosion, which has been widely used in nuclear power plants. However, the companion FM82 has been shown to be susceptible to DDC in welding process. To resolve the problem, this work is mainly focused on evaluating DDC susceptibility in FM82 in welding process. First of all, Strain to Fracture (STF) test is used to achieve the DDC criterion under simple stress state, and the formation mechanism of DDC was explained. Real welding is a process with complex stress state. Later, to get the DDC susceptibility under complex stress state, models about multi-pass welding were built up by means of finite element method. According to numerical simulation results, relationship of deformation and temperature history is achieved. Moreover, susceptible locations and moments could be determined associated with STF results. The simulation results fairly agree with welding experiment from another research.     

屈强比对高强度高塑性钻杆性能的影响

应用两种不同钻杆材料热处理到不同强度(105,135,150,165钢级)的真实应力-应变曲线,分析了工程屈强比对形变硬化指数、真实断裂强度、均匀形变容量、静力韧度等的影响规律。结果表明:工程屈强比与上述参数没有明显的对应关系,不宜把工程屈强比作为高强度钻杆的一个硬性技术指标来要求,良好的塑性是确保高强度钻杆安全使用的关键指标。采用特殊材料及严格热处理的150钢级钻杆,虽然其工程屈强比较高,但由于具有高塑性,仍然具有良好的综合性能。     

Research Advances of Amorphous Metal Oxides in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Amorphous metal oxides (AMOs) have aroused great enthusiasm across multiple energy areas over recent years due to their unique properties, such as the intrinsic isotropy, versatility in compositions, absence of grain boundaries, defect distribution, flexible nature, etc. Here, the materials engineering of AMOs is systematically reviewed in different electrochemical applications and recent advances in understanding and developing AMO‐based high‐performance electrodes are highlighted. Attention is focused on the important roles that AMOs play in various energy storage and conversion technologies, such as active materials in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors as well as active catalysts in water splitting, metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. The improvements of electrochemical performance in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors are reviewed regarding the enhancement in active sites, mechanical strength, and defect distribution of amorphous structures. Furthermore, the high electrochemical activities boosted by AMOs in various fundamental reactions are elaborated on and they are related to the electrocatalytic behaviors in water splitting, metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. The applications in electrochromism and high‐conducting sensors are also briefly discussed. Finally, perspectives on the existing challenges of AMOs for electrochemical applications are proposed, together with several promising future research directions.     

TC4负泊松比复合结构的人工骨力学性能调控研究

目的 基于不同变形机制的负泊松比结构优化设计新型复合多孔结构样件,增加力学性能的调控维度,以满足人体骨低弹性模量的匹配要求。方法 用内凹多边形替代手性结构的圆环,以获得新型的复合胞元结构。利用选区激光熔化成形技术制备负泊松比多孔人工骨样件,通过压缩实验揭示胞元结构类型、结构参数、孔隙率对屈服强度、弹性模量的影响规律,评测不同结构样件与人体骨间的力学性能匹配程度。结果 当孔隙率为65%～85%时,复合结构样件的成形质量、力学性能基本介于手性结构的和内凹结构的之间,且与孔隙率密切相关。手性结构、内凹结构和复合结构的弹性模量分别为2.39～4.64、1.12～3.77、1.01～3.47 GPa,屈服强度分别为65.19～223.06、45.25～195.81、26.54～143.58MPa。复合结构的弹性模量随环径和内凹角度的增大而减小。当孔隙率为75%时,环径由2.4 mm变至2.0 mm,弹性模量由2.651 GPa降低至2.082 GPa。当内凹角度由85°变至65°时,弹性模量则由3.566GPa降低至1.982GPa。结论 复合胞元结构可以融合材料特性,增加调控维度,进而匹配人工...