闪光CCD图像的中值-非线性扩散滤波

根据闪光CCD图像的特点,提出了一种中值-非线性扩散滤波(Median-NonlinearDiffusionFiltering,简称MNDF)方法。该方法采用中值预滤波来估计图像的真实边缘,通过求解偏微分方程(PartialDifferentialEquation,简称PDE)来进行非线性扩散滤波,充分发挥了中值滤波和非线性扩散滤波的优势,能更好地消除噪声、保护边缘。实验结果表明,在高斯噪声和脉冲噪声同时存在的情况下,MNDF方法取得的滤波效果较P-M方案和Catte方案要好,信噪比改善因子提高3~5倍,均方误差减小1.3~2.7倍。对闪光照相CCD图像取得了很好的消噪声结果,保护了边缘信息。     

Image speckle noise denoising by a multi-layer fusion enhancement method based on block matching and 3D filtering

In order to improve speckle noise denoising of block matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) method, an image frequency-domain multi-layer fusion enhancement method (MLFE-BM3D) based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) has been proposed. The method designs an NSCT hard threshold denoising enhancement to preprocess the image, then uses fusion enhancement in NSCT domain to fuse the preliminary estimation results of images before and after the NSCT hard threshold denoising, finally, BM3D denoising is carried out with the fused image to obtain the final denoising result. Experiments on natural images and medical ultrasound images show that MLFE-BM3D method can achieve better visual effects than BM3D method, the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the denoised image is increased by 0.5?dB. The MLFE-BM3D method can improve the denoising effect of speckle noise in the texture region, and still maintain a good denoising effect in the smooth region of the image.     

Analysis of denoising filters on MRI brain images

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality is an effective tool in the diagnosis of the brain. These MR images are introduced with noise during acquisition which reduces the image quality and limits the accuracy in diagnosis. Elimination of noise in medical images is an important task in preprocessing and there exist different methods to eliminate noise in medical images. In this article, different denoising algorithms such as nonlocal means, principal component analysis, bilateral, and spatially adaptive nonlocal means (SANLM) filters are studied to eliminate noise in MR. Comparative analysis of these techniques have been with help of various metrics such as signal‐to‐noise ratio, peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error, root mean squared error, and structure similarity (SSIM). This comparative study shows that the SANLM denoising filter gives the best performance in terms of better PSNR and SSIM in visual interpretation. It also helps in clinical diagnosis of the brain.     

一种基于Gabor滤波器的超声图像边缘检测方法

针对检测超声图像的边缘问题，介绍了一种基于Gabor奇部滤波器进行边缘检测的综合方法。为了去除图像噪声，首先进行基于小波变换和中值滤波的降噪处理，然后利用高斯函数平滑图像。在边缘检测过程中，使用Gabor奇部滤波器检测边缘。最后，使用非最大值抑制得到最终结果。结果表明该方法是对超声图像进行边缘检测的一种有用方法。当然，该方法也具有普遍性，可以应用到其他图像。     

Image denoising algorithms based on fractional sincα with the covariance of fractional Gaussian fields

Image denoising has been considered as an essential image processing problem that is difficult to address. In this study, two image denoising algorithms based on fractional calculus operators are proposed. The first algorithm uses the convolution of covariance of fractional Gaussian fields with the fractional sinc_α (FS) (sinc function of order α). The second algorithm uses the convolution of covariance of fractional Gaussian fields with the fractional differential Heaviside function, which is the limit of FS. In the proposed algorithms, the given noisy image is processed in a blockwise manner. Each processed pixel is convolved with the mask windows on four directions. The final filtered image based on either FS or fractional differential Heaviside function (FDHS) can be obtained by determining the average magnitude of the four convolution test results for each filter mask windows. The outcomes are evaluated using visual perception and peak signal to noise ratio. Experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in removing Gaussian and Speckle noise. The proposed FS and FDHS achieved average PSNR of 28.88, 28.26?dB, respectively, for Gaussian noise. The improvements outperform those achieved with the use of Gaussian and Wiener filters.     

基于双边滤波的自适应彩色图像去噪研究

目的为了克服彩色图像去噪后存在的特征模糊,研究基于双边滤波的自适应彩色噪声图像去噪方法。方法使用二维离散小波变换(DWT)对含噪声的彩图图像进行近似分量、水平细节分量、垂直细节分量和对角细节分量等4个方向的分解。根据DWT各方向分量归一化后的方差比例,利用RBF神经网络构造双边滤波系数模型确定不同方向的最佳去噪系数,提出彩色噪声图像自适应去噪方法(DWT-ABF),并将该方法与常规方法作对比。结果在不同噪声类型以及混合噪声失真情况下文中方法都能有效地去除噪声,并同时保留图像细节信息,且与其他方法相比,文中方法去噪后的图像都具有更高的PSNR值。结论文中方法克服了传统双边滤波无法自行确定最佳参数的缺陷,同时也良好地解决了去噪图像特征模糊的问题。     

基于HSI颜色空间噪声检测的彩色图像去噪算法

目的为了有效去除彩色图像中的椒盐噪声,提高彩色图像质量。方法采用椒盐噪声检测和中值滤波相结合的方法,提出一种基于HSI颜色空间噪声检测的彩色图像去噪算法。将图像转换到HSI颜色空间,根据椒盐噪声在S通道具有极大值或极小值的特点判断出可疑椒盐噪声的位置,在H通道、I通道将可疑椒盐噪声分为噪声点和有用信号,对检测出的噪声像素进行中值滤波去噪。结果采用文中算法去噪后,验证图像主观评价值(Z)为1.30,平均PSNR为37.54,SSIM为0.99,Entropy为7.31,在主客观评价上优于现在常用算法。结论文中提出算法可以为彩色图像椒盐噪声的去噪提供理论基础,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于最优收缩的传声器阵列部分相干噪声去噪方法

传声器阵列信号的去噪问题对波束形成方法具有重大意义。在复杂干扰环境下,背景噪声的分布不再满足传统的互不相干假设,而更趋近于部分相干。文章研究了空间噪声的分布机理和部分相干噪声理论,并提出了一种在已知声源个数下的传声器阵列部分相干噪声的去噪方法：通过声源噪声的低秩假设以及部分相干噪声的稀疏假设,基于最优收缩方法（Opt-Shrink）迭代提取传声器阵列互谱矩阵的低秩部分,实现去噪的目的。通过仿真,验证了该方法在相干通道数为10和25时,可以获得明显的成像结果;而传统针对不相干噪声去噪的对角线移除方法（DiagonalRemoval,DR）在相干通道数较多时,声源定位结果较差。在强干扰低信噪比的声源定位实验中,该方法相对于对角线移除方法可以得到更好的去噪效果。     

Image Denoising with Adaptive Weighted Graph Filtering

Graph filtering, which is founded on the theory of graph signal processing, is proved as a useful tool for image denoising. Most graph filtering methods focus on learning an ideal lowpass filter to remove noise, where clean images are restored from noisy ones by retaining the image components in low graph frequency bands. However, this lowpass filter has limited ability to separate the low-frequency noise from clean images such that it makes the denoising procedure less effective. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive weighted graph filtering (AWGF) method to replace the design of traditional ideal lowpass filter. In detail, we reassess the existing low-rank denoising method with adaptive regularizer learning (ARLLR) from the view of graph filtering. A shrinkage approach subsequently is presented on the graph frequency domain, where the components of noisy image are adaptively decreased in each band by calculating their component significances. As a result, it makes the proposed graph filtering more explainable and suitable for denoising. Meanwhile, we demonstrate a graph filter under the constraint of subspace representation is employed in the ARLLR method. Therefore, ARLLR can be treated as a special form of graph filtering. It not only enriches the theory of graph filtering, but also builds a bridge from the low-rank methods to the graph filtering methods. In the experiments, we perform the AWGF method with a graph filter generated by the classical graph Laplacian matrix. The results show our method can achieve a comparable denoising performance with several state-of-the-art denoising methods.     

基于像素同龄组的航拍图像去噪方法

由于受到光照、机身震动等拍摄环境的影响,航拍图像中常常混有高斯噪声和脉冲噪声。针对这一现象,提出一种结合改进的中值滤波和维纳滤波的像素同龄组去噪算法。首先将图像根据像素值的不同,分为若干像素同龄组;然后根据每个同龄组的特点,有针对性地进行中值滤波或维纳滤波;最后,借助航拍绝缘子图像,完成仿真实验,并与单独中值滤波、维纳滤波的去噪效果进行对比。实验结果表明,该方法在处理混有高斯噪声和脉冲噪声的航拍图像方面,具有良好的去噪效果。     

一种多模板的混合滤波乘性噪声图像去噪算法

提出了一种计算简单的去除图像乘性噪声的自适应混合算法,它通过事先定义一组实现简单的具有不同特性、不同大小窗口的中值和均值滤波器组,根据图像不同区域特征选择不同滤波器进行滤波.该算法能有效地利用空间滤波的特性,且便于硬件实现.实验结果表明,与现有的自适应去噪算法相比,该算法不但计算简单,而且在噪声抑制和细节保留方面综合平衡较好.     

Removal of noise in MRI images using a block difference-based filtering approach

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images are frequently sensitive to certain types of noises and artifacts. The denoising of MRI images is essential for improving visual quality and reliability of the quantitative analysis of diagnosis and treatment. In this article, a new block difference-based filtering method is proposed to denoise the MRI images. First, the normal MRI image is degraded by a certain percentage of noise. The block difference between the intensity of the normal and noisy MRI is computed, and then it is compared with the intensity of the blocks of the normal MRI image. Based on the comparison, the pixel weights are updated to each block of the denoised MRI image. Observational results are brought out on the BrainWeb and BraTS datasets and evaluated by performance metrics such as peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measures, universal quality index, and root mean square error. The proposed method outperforms the existing denoising filtering techniques.     

全变分自适应图像去噪模型

通过分析三种主要变分去噪模型(调和、全变分以及广义全变分模型)的优缺点,提出了一种基于全变分的自适应图像去噪模型。该模型根据噪声图像的信噪比,采用高斯滤波器对图像进行预处理,克服了全变分模型引入的阶梯效应;利用图像中每一像素点的梯度信息,自适应选取去噪模型中决定扩散强弱的参数p(x,y),使接近边缘处平滑较弱,远离边缘处平滑较强。数值实验表明,本方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪性能,其峰值信噪比(PSNR)在高噪声水平下,较其他变分方法至少提高1.0dB左右。     

针对多重退化因素的印刷图像复原方法

目的对于由多种因素所导致的印刷图像退化问题,文中提出一种针对椒盐噪声、高斯噪声和模糊退化等多重退化因素的图像复原方法。方法首先针对印刷图像椒盐噪声密度不高的特点,设计一种基于灰度范围准则和局部差别准则的椒盐噪声二级检测和滤除方法,并通过评价实验得出合适的阈值参数设置。在去除高斯噪声和图像模糊的过程中,利用边缘保持平滑滤波的原理和特性,将双边滤波器和引导滤波器应用于图像复原中,又在此基础上设计和应用图像细节增强的二次引导滤波器。结果在椒盐噪声去除方面,新方法对大部分图像都能取得较好的复原效果,尤其对细微边缘不多的图像效果最佳,复原后的PSNR值能达到40以上。二次引导滤波器对高斯噪声和图像模糊的复原效果最好。结论通过对不同图像复原方法的效果进行评价和分析,验证了文中方法的性能,为今后图像复原技术的应用提供了指导。     

基于小波变换和均值滤波的图像去噪方法

将小波变换和均值滤波相结合提出了一种有效的图像去噪方法,先将含噪图像进行小波分解,获得不同频带的子图像.将低频近似图像保持不变,对水平、垂直和对角三个方向高频细节图像根据其特性采用三种不同形状的模板进行均值滤波,最后将低频近似图像与三个均值滤波后高频细节图像合成得到去噪后的图像.实验结果表明,该方法在降低了图像噪声的同时又尽可能地保留图像的细节,其去噪效果优于单一小波阈值法和均值滤波法.     

基于GA-BP算法噪声检测的椒盐噪声滤波算法

基于噪声检测的中值滤波器已广泛用于消除图像中的椒盐噪声,然而在高噪声密度情况下,对噪声像素的定位不准确很容易造成图像边缘的模糊.本文提出了一种基于GA-BP的椒盐噪声滤波算法,克服了这一缺陷.算法首先用遗传算法优化的BP网络对图像中的噪声像素定位,然后引入保边函数和PRP算法求目标函数的极值进而实现图像的去噪处理.实验...     

Comparative evaluation of despeckle filtering in ultrasound imaging of the carotid artery

It is well-known that speckle is a multiplicative noise that degrades the visual evaluation in ultrasound imaging. The recent advancements in ultrasound instrumentation and portable ultrasound devices necessitate the need of more robust despeckling techniques for enhanced ultrasound medical imaging for both routine clinical practice and teleconsultation. The objective of this work was to carry out a comparative evaluation of despeckle filtering based on texture analysis, image quality evaluation metrics, and visual evaluation by medical experts in the assessment of 440 (220 asymptomatic and 220 symptomatic) ultrasound images of the carotid artery bifurcation. In this paper a total of 10 despeckle filters were evaluated based on local statistics, median filtering, pixel homogeneity, geometric filtering, homomorphic filtering, anisotropic diffusion, nonlinear coherence diffusion, and wavelet filtering. The results of this study suggest that the first order statistics filter lsmv, gave the best performance, followed by the geometric filter gf4d, and the homogeneous mask area filter lsminsc. These filters improved the class separation between the asymptomatic and the symptomatic classes based on the statistics of the extracted texture features, gave only a marginal improvement in the classification success rate, and improved the visual assessment carried out by the two experts. More specifically, filters lsmv or gf4d can be used for despeckling asymptomatic images in which the expert is interested mainly in the plaque composition and texture analysis; and filters lsmv, gf4d, or lsminsc can be used for the despeckling of symptomatic images in which the expert is interested in identifying the degree of stenosis and the plaque borders. The proper selection of a despeckle filter is very important in the enhancement of ultrasonic imaging of the carotid artery. Further work is needed to evaluate at a larger scale and in clinical practice the performance of the proposed despeckle filters in the automated segmentation, texture analysis, and classification of carotid ultrasound imaging.     

Four‐neighborhood clique kernel: A general framework for Bayesian and variational techniques of noise reduction in magnetic resonance images of the brain

Several algorithms have been proposed in the literature for image denoising but none exhibit optimal performance for all range and types of noise and for all image acquisition modes. We describe a new general framework, built from four‐neighborhood clique system, for denoising medical images. The kernel quantifies smoothness energy of spatially continuous anatomical structures. Scalar and vector valued quantification of smoothness energy configures images for Bayesian and variational denoising modes, respectively. Within variational mode, the choice of norm adapts images for either total variation or Tikhonov technique. Our proposal has three significant contributions. First, it demonstrates that the four‐neighborhood clique kernel is a basic filter, in same class as Gaussian and wavelet filters, from which state‐of‐the‐art denoising algorithms are derived. Second, we formulate theoretical analysis, which connects and integrates Bayesian and variational techniques into a two‐layer structured denoising system. Third, our proposal reveals that the first layer of the new denoising system is a hitherto unknown form of Markov random field model referred to as single‐layer Markov random field (SLMRF). The new model denoises a specific type of medical image by minimizing energy subject to knowledge of mathematical model that describes relationship between the image smoothness energy and noise level but without reference to a classical prior model. SLMRF was applied to and evaluated on two real brain magnetic resonance imaging datasets acquired with different protocols. Comparative performance evaluation shows that our proposal is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. SLMRF is simple and computationally efficient because it does not incorporate a regularization parameter. Furthermore, it preserves edges and its output is devoid of blurring and ringing artifacts associated with Gaussian‐based and wavelet‐based algorithms. The denoising system is potentially applicable to speckle reduction in ultrasound images and extendable to three‐layer structure that account for texture features in medical images. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 24, 224–238, 2014     

Non-local total variation regularization approach for image restoration under a Poisson degradation

Poisson noise (also known as shot or photon noise) arises due to the lack of information during the image acquisition phase, it is quite common in the field of microscopic or astronomical imaging applications. In this paper, we propose a non-local total variation regularization framework with a p-norm driven data-fidelity for denoising the Poissonian images. In precise, the energy functional is derived using a Maximum A Posteriori estimator of the Poisson probability density function. The diffusion amounts to a non-local total variation minimization process, which eventually preserves fine structures while denoising the data. The numerical solution is sought under a fast converging split-Bregman iterative scheme. The proposed model is compared visually and statistically with the state-of-the-art Poisson denoising models.     

基于自适应形态滤波的医学超声图像降噪

针对医学超声图像上的斑点噪声,本文提出一种基于自适应形态滤波的降噪方法.首先构造一组检测图像中不同像素值突变的结构因子;再对每个结构因子构造相应的形态滤波结构元;最后对每个像素点邻域进行结构检测,找到该点处最可能存在的突变结构,以相应的结构元完成该点的形态滤波.对不同信噪比的仿真图像和实际图像分别采用本文方法和各向异性扩散滤波,不同尺度传统形态滤波进行了:比较实验,结果表明:采用本方法可将超声图像的信噪比、对比度噪声比和图像优度分别平均提高15%、37%和69%,优于其它方法.