Radial force and torque of a bearingless switched reluctance motor operating in a region of magnetic saturation

Bearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. These motors are characterized by integration of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. It is essential for a control system to consider magnetic saturation in real time in order to realize stable operation at a full torque load. Thus, this paper proposes a method for fast calculation of radial force and torque of a bearingless switched reluctance motor operating in a region of magnetic saturation. It is shown experimentally that the proposed method is effective in calculating the radial force and the torque under conditions of magnetic saturation.     

Improved analysis of a bearingless switched reluctance motor

Bearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. Bearingless switched reluctance motors have combined characteristics of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. Production of radial force for rotor shaft magnetic suspension is explained with differential stator windings. Mathematical relations between motor currents and radial force are derived by considering cross coupling and fringing fluxes. Theoretical relationships are verified with experimental results at partial overlap positions     

双极性分块转子开关磁阻电机

针对单极性励磁时四相8/6结构分块转子开关磁阻电机的定子磁通冲突问题,把双极性励磁方法应用于四相8/6结构分块转子开关磁阻电机,基于2D有限元建立双极性分块转子开关磁阻电机的场路耦合模型,计算双极性分块转子开关磁阻电机的电流、转矩及铜耗,并在(r,θ)坐标系中细致描述定子铁心和转子铁心特征区域的磁密周期性变化规律,最后应用双频法分离铁损获得铁心的涡流损耗和磁滞损耗.计算结果表明,与同等双极性励磁的8/6结构双极性普通开关磁阻电机相比,8/6结构双极性分块转子开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动大,但铜耗减小约32%,铁耗减小约35%.     

开关磁阻电动机的受生物启发滑模控制研究

本文首次将受生物启发的分流模型引入开关磁阻电动机的变结构滑模控制,提出一种开关磁阻电动机的受生物启发滑模控制,以有效抑制其转速波动,提高其控制性能.仿真结果表明:开关磁阻电动机采用受生物启发滑模控制,其转速对给定转速的跟踪性能及负载突变时的性能比一般滑模控制更平稳、更准确;当系统参数变化时,受生物启发滑模控制器保持了一般滑模控制器的鲁棒性.     

Torque and suspension force in a bearingless switched reluctance motor

Bearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. The bearingless switched reluctance motors are characterized by integration of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. These motors have two kinds of stator windings composed of motor main windings and suspension windings in the same stator in order to produce suspension force that can realize rotor shaft suspension without mechanical contacts or lubrication. For successful stable operation, accurate theoretical formulas of instantaneous torque and suspension force are necessary to a rotational speed controller and a rotor radial position controller. This paper derives the theoretical formulas of the instantaneous torque and the suspension force from an assumption of simple permeance distribution. This derivation process makes an assumption that fringing fluxes are distributed on elliptical lines. It is shown with experimental results that the derived theoretical formulas are very accurate in terms of practical application. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 72–82, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20157     

Unbalanced Magnetic Force Mitigation and Torque Ripple Reduction in Eccentric Switched Reluctance Motors Using Flux Leakages

Abstract—In this article, a comprehensive method is introduced to redress eccentricity fault consequences. Two main effects of eccentricity faults include considerable increase in unbalanced magnetic force and torque ripple. Dependency of unbalanced magnetic force and torque ripple on eccentricity fault level is shown, and the possibility of compensating them via controlling currents in facing poles is proved. These objectives are accomplished through a novel converter that controls currents in poles of every phase such that one pole is responsible for nullifying unbalanced magnetic force and the facing pole is in charge of torque ripple reducing. The control algorithm is analyzed in details and through finite-element method and MATLAB/Simulink (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) is implemented on a 6/4 switched reluctance motor with 30% eccentricity fault level. The proposed strategy samples the flux leakage as the index both for occurrence and criterion for compensation of unbalanced magnetic force. The suggested method is designed such that there is no need to detect eccentricity fault direction, location, and type, which makes it cost effective and practical for a wide range of switched reluctance motors and applications.     

基于三相半桥功率变换器的无轴承开关磁阻电机绕组结构分析

无轴承开关磁阻电机兼有开关磁阻电机和磁轴承的优点。功率变换器是无轴承开关磁阻电机的重要组成部分,其控制绕组电流,对电机旋转和悬浮性能有重要影响。悬浮绕组功率变换器采用三相半桥结构时,由于负载的不对称,存在中点电压漂移问题。该文简要介绍了电机悬浮原理和数学模型,将功率变换器和电机作为一个整体,分析了中点电压漂移的原因及绕组配置对中点电压的影响。给出了5种绕组结构形式下,各相悬浮力之和及其对中点电压的影响。通过合理配置绕组结构,使电机在恒定径向负载的情况下,中点电压波动大为减小。给出了4种优化的无轴承开关磁阻电机绕组结构。实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

A new energy optimizing control strategy for switched reluctancemotors

This paper describes a new and machine-independent method to minimize the energy consumption of a speed controlled switched reluctance motor (SRM). The control strategy is to vary the duty cycle of the applied DC voltage in order to obtain the desired speed quickly and when operating in steady-state vary the turn-on angle (a_on) of the phase voltage to minimize the energy consumption. The power flow is measured in the DC-link and used to control the turn-on angle. Simulations carried out on a three-phase 6/4 pole SRM justify the algorithm and the physical implementation in a Siemens SAB 80C517A microcontroller is described. Measurements on two different load systems show it is possible to minimize the energy consumption on-line in a speed controlled switched reluctance motor without losing the dynamic performance. A comparison with an ordinary mode-shift controlled SRM shows more than an 8% increase in overall efficiency for some operation points. The algorithm is fully applicable to other switched reluctance motors at other power levels or with other pole configurations     

Unified Calculation Method for Motor Torque in Reluctance Network Analysis

A reluctance network analysis (RNA), which is an improved magnetic circuit method, has some advantages: the analytical model is simple, the calculation accuracy is relatively high, and a coupled analysis with an electric circuit, a heat circuit, a motion equation, and so on, is fundamentally easy. The RNA has been applied to the dynamic analysis of several motors such as a surface permanent magnet (SPM) motor, an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor, and a switched reluctance (SR) motor. The dynamic characteristics of these motors including starting and a sudden load change can be calculated by an RNA. However, the torque calculation methods for these motors are different from each other. This paper presents a unified calculation method for the motor torque in an RNA, which does not depend on the types and structures of motors. The validity and availability of the proposed method are demonstrated by a finite element method (FEM) and an experiment.     

On‐line estimation of switched reluctance motor parameters

This paper addresses the problem of on‐line parameter estimation of switched reluctance motors and provides, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first result that takes into account the dynamics of both electrical and mechanical subsystems. Based on a widely‐used standard model of the motor and establishing a reasonable structure for modeling the unknown load torque, a linear parametric model is derived and a 2‐stage identification scheme is proposed and implemented with the recursive least‐squares algorithm with forgetting factor. It is assumed that stator voltages and currents and rotor position and speed are available through measurements. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are included for a 3‐phase 12/8 switched reluctance motor. The results show a good performance of the proposed methodology, and the estimated parameters are validated through their use in a closed‐loop control scheme. Key features of the proposed solution are that it does not rely on locked‐rotor tests nor does it assume previous knowledge of the magnetization curves of the motor. The estimation scheme is intended to improve the performance and efficiency of currently available control algorithms, and it is potentially useful for the design of selfcommissioning switched reluctance drives, ie, drives that can automatically adjust the controller parameters for a wide range of motors and loads.     

Current harmonics and acoustic noise in AC adjustable-speed drives

AC adjustable-speed drives (ASDs) are finding increased opportunities for applications in which acoustic noise is a major consideration for acceptability. The major source of noise in an ASD is the excitation of the motor by nonsinusoidal currents. For load characteristics that simulate the performance required for fans and compressors, ASDs based on induction motors, permanent-magnet motors, and switched reluctance motors have been examined for correlation between current and acoustic noise. The effects that the specific types of noise produced by drives have on human subjects is examined with regard to temporary and permanent hearing-threshold shifts     

开关磁阻轮毂电机非线性建模及驱动控制仿真

针对开关磁阻轮毂电机气隙偏心产生的不平衡径向力对车辆平顺性造成的不利影响,提出一种基于电流斩波的脉冲调制控制（PWM）的方法抑制开关磁阻轮毂电机不平衡径向力,从根本上改善车辆平顺性。首先通过Ansoft Maxwell 对一台8/6极四相开关磁阻电机进行有限元分析,在获取电机特殊位置电感数据的基础上,采用傅里叶级数拟合的方法建立开关磁阻电机非线性模型,并与有限元分析结果做对比验证了该模型的准确性。在此基础上建立开关磁阻轮毂电机驱动模型和轮毂电机驱动电动汽车机电耦合一体化模型,将所提出基于电流斩波的PWM控制方法与传统电流斩波控制方法对车辆平顺性影响做对比,仿真结果显示基于电流斩波的PWM控制方法能有效降低开关磁阻轮毂电机不平衡径向力的大小,在提高电机输出转矩的同时改善轮毂电机驱动电动汽车平顺性。     

Radial Force Analytic Modeling for a Novel Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor When Considering Rotor Eccentricity

Abstract—Analytic modeling of radial forces is proposed for the novel bearingless switched reluctance motor, where the rotor eccentricity is taken into account. The novel bearingless switched reluctance motor's model is never disclosed, even though there are many advantages, such as fewer suspension windings and simpler control circuit and algorithm, when compared to the conventional bearingless switched reluctance motor. The analytic model of radial forces is very important to achieve this new bearingless switched reluctance motor's suspension control. The rotor eccentricity is a key cause to affect the radial forces. This article calculates the air-gap permeances through considering rotor eccentricity. The self-inductance and mutual-inductance expressions of the motor torque windings and the suspension windings are derived by using the magnetic equivalent circuit method. The derived radial force model discloses the effects of winding currents, rotor position angle, and rotor eccentricity displacement. The finite-element analysis based results verify the built model.     

高容错性模块化定子开关磁阻电机

为了进一步提高开关磁阻电机的容错能力,在总结现有结构的模块化定子开关磁阻电机的基础上,提出了"C"形模块化定子开关磁阻电机,"E"形模块化定子开关磁阻电机和混合气隙模块化定子开关磁阻电机,结合结构示意图和磁路图介绍了以上3种模块化定子开关磁阻电机的基本机构和工作原理,研究对比了各种结构的特点,分析结果表明以上3种新型结构的模块化定子开关磁阻电机的制造成本低,维修方便,且由于定子磁极间在电路、磁路和结构上独立,所以电气隔离、磁隔离以及热隔离的能力强,可靠性及容错性能非常好,适合用于多电/全电飞机的电力作动系统.     

The modeling of switched reluctance machines with magneticallycoupled windings

This paper presents a method of modeling switched reluctance motors with strongly coupled windings, such as switched reluctance machines (SRMs) with fully pitched windings or with commutating windings. These machines are particularly difficult to model because, unlike a conventional SRM, the flux linking any one winding of the machine is a nonlinear function of rotor position and all phase currents. The problem is overcome by breaking down the instantaneous flux linkages and currents in each phase to give the flux and magnetomotive force (MMF) in each tooth of the machine. The flux and MMF per tooth can then be linked in the model by a simple lookup table, determined from either simulation or measurement. The paper describes the simulation method in detail and then gives extensive comparisons between measurement and simulation results for an SRM with fully pitched windings, operating over a range of operating conditions. The results presented also serve to give an insight into the method of operation of these rather complex machines     

开关磁阻电机低速运行无位置传感器检测方法

针对开关磁阻电机低速运行方法中的传统脉冲注入法只利用非导通相电流信息,存在导通区间受限和续流影响估计精度的问题。本文对低速控制策略与无位置检测原理进行研究,提出了一种双电流斩波限PWM滞环控制的三相电流斜率差值无位置传感器检测方案。所提方案在导通区采用双斩波限PWM滞环控制,使导通区电流斩波次数增加,能够改善低速运行时的性能,并提高电流斜率差值的计算精度。与传统非导通相电流比较方法只利用非导通相信息相比,该方案增加了导通相电流计算。在计算导通相电流斜率差值后,与两非导通相形成三相电流斜率差值,从而估计电机的实时位置信息。以三相12/8结构的电机进行了相关仿真和实验验证,实验结果表明,该方案能够有效解决传统方法存在的导通区间固定和实时角度计算受续流影响的问题。     

基于有限元法的磁悬浮开关磁阻电机数学模型

当电机高速运行时，为避免机械磨损，采用电磁力进行悬浮支撑，而磁轴承占用轴向空间，限制临界转速。磁悬浮开关磁阻电机利用电机定子与轴承机械结构的相似性，在原有的电机定子绕组上附加一套径向力绕组，通过一定的控制策略，同时实现电机的旋转和悬浮。该文在利用有限元软件Ansoft/ Maxwell 2D分析磁悬浮开关磁阻电机磁场的基础上，结合等效磁回路法并根据虚位移定理，推导出磁悬浮开关磁阻电机在考虑a、b轴方向径向偏移及其耦合时的径向力和转矩的数学模型，并用有限元分析结果验证了该模型的正确性和有效性。     

基于遗传算法的开关磁阻电机优化设计

将遗传算法引入电机优化设计领域，全面研究了ＳＲ电机的优化设计问题。首次提出用开通角系数和关断角系数处理优化设计过程中的控制参数问题，成功地将非线性性能计算方法用于ＳＲ电机优化设计，并讨论了优化点及恒功率区特点在优化过程中的处理方法。     

磁悬浮开关磁阻电动机转子径向偏心时的仿真

磁悬浮开关磁阻电动机结合了开关磁阻电动机和磁轴承的特点,通过电磁力控制转子径向位置。分析了磁悬浮开关磁阻电动机悬浮力和旋转力的产生原理。基于开关磁阻电动机转子的四个特殊位置,利用二维有限元方法分析了转子位于中心位置与有径向偏心时的电机内部磁场,给出了磁场分布图、径向悬浮力与径向偏心矩的关系曲线、旋转力与径向偏心矩的关系曲线,为进一步描述磁悬浮开关磁阻电动机悬浮力与旋转力的模型提供了依据。     

Power Quality Improvement in a Four-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor Drive using Twelve-Pulse AC/DC Converter

This article deals with a 12-pulse AC/DC converter for improving power quality in a midpoint converter based switched reluctance motor drive at AC mains. The conventional six-pulse AC/DC converter fed midpoint converter based switched reluctance motor drive injects high content of current harmonics into AC mains. The proposed 12-pulse AC/DC converter with a small rating passive filter is capable of eliminating harmonic currents from light load to full load with a high power factor. The proposed switched reluctance motor drive system is designed, modeled and simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment and its performance is compared with a conventional six-pulse AC/DC converter fed switched reluctance motor to demonstrate the power quality at AC mains. The simulated performance of the proposed 12-pulse AC/DC converter fed switched reluctance motor drive is experimentally validated for power quality improvement.