有限温度下介观LC电路中的量子涨落

在有限温度下,介观电路系统实际上并不处在一个确定的量子状态,而是处在混合态.利用量子正则系综理论研究了介观LC电路在混合态下电荷和电流的量子涨落.结果表明,有限温度下介观LC电路中的量子涨落不仅与电路器件参数有关,而且与温度也有关.温度越高,电路中的量子涨落越大.该方法较热场动力学(TFD)方法更易于理解和应用.由于实际的介观电路总是处在有限温度下,所以其结论对控制介观电路中的量子涨落有一定的实际意义.     

介观LC电路的量子压缩效应

根据介观电容器可看成一个介观隧道结的物理事实,对介观LC电路作了相应的量子处理.研究表明:介观LC电路将由初始的真空态演化到压缩真空态,并对压缩真空态下的量子涨落进行研究.     

耗散介观电路的量子波函数和零点起伏

运用正则化变换结合路径积分方法，求解了有源介观耗散电路的量子波函数，并进一步研究了介观电路中电荷、电流的量子起伏．     

无耗散耦合介观电路的能谱及量子电流

基于电荷的不连续性,对无耗散介观耦合电路进行量子化,在无相互作用Hamilton本征态基矢下给出介观电路的能谱关系;在电荷空间中,假设系统具有变换的对称性,通过求解电流本征值方程,研究和分析了介观电路中量子电流的性质。结果表明,电路能谱及其量子回路电流不仅与电路参数有关,而且明显地依赖于电荷的量子性质。     

电感耦合介观电路的量子回路方程及其能谱

基于电荷的离散性量子化电感耦合介观电路,给出耦合形式的量子回路方程,以及电感耦合介观电路的能谱关系式.结果表明,计及电荷具有不连续性的事实将使量子回路方程的形式变得复杂;电感耦合介观电路的能谱除与电路参数相关外,还明显地依赖于电荷的量子化性质以及电路的相位角参量.     

介观耦合电路量子涨落与温度的关系

由于电流在电路中运动会产生焦耳热,因而介观电路总是工作在有限的温度下。本文讨论有限温度下介观耦合电路的量子效应,结果表明电荷和电流的量子涨落的温度有关。     

介观RLC电路在热相干态和热压缩态下的量子涨落

利用热场动力学的方法研究了介观RLC电路在有限温度下的相干态和压缩态中电荷和磁通量的量子涨落.结果表明,介观RLC电路中电荷和磁通量的量子涨落不仅与电路中的元件参数而且可能与环境温度和压缩参数有关,而这些量子涨落与平移参数无关.     

非线性介观电路的量子效应

将非线性双向二极管引入介观电路,对非线性介观电路进行量子力学处理.研究表明:由于非线性双向二极管的影响,使得在非线性介观电路可以实现克尔态的制备.并且对克尔态下非线性介观电路的电荷和磁通的量子涨落进行了计算.计算结果表明:两者随时间存在周期性的压缩现象.     

有限温度下介观无损耗传输线中电流的量子涨落

利用热场动力学的方法研究了介观无损耗传输线中电流在具有热噪声的真空态、相干态和压缩态下的量子涨落.得到了有限温度下介观无损耗传输线中电流的量子涨落与温度的关系.结果表明,介观无损耗传输线中电流的量子涨落不仅与电路的参数有关,还与传输线所处的环境温度有关.温度越高,介观无损耗传输线中的量子噪声越大.     

数-相量子化及介观电路在自由热态下的量子效应

利用数-相量子化方案,将介观LC电路等效为一个谐振子.通过相干态表象和算符正规乘积形式,简捷地给出了自由热态的Wigner函数,同时借助于量子算符及其Weyl-Wigner对应研究了体系中电荷数及相位差在自由热态下的量子效应.结果表明,体系中电荷数及相位差在自由热态下的量子涨落不仅和电路中器件的参数有关,而且还和温度有关,且储存于电感中的平均能量和电容中的平均能量分别相等.这一研究结果支持了介观电路数-相量子化新方案,对介观电路的量子化和电路的量子效应的研究具有很好的理论指导意义.     

一个改进的量子隐形传态回路

量子隐形传态是一种典型的量子通信方式,它用经典辅助的方法来传送量子态,并引入了量子纠缠的特性.实现隐形传态的量子回路形式有很多,为了更有效地传递量子态,本文在Brassard回路的基础上提出一个改进的量子回路,它具有更简洁的结构,并能实现量子隐形传态.     

量子位叠加态的防错纠错编码

提出用单个量子位的叠加态进行量子编码,采用分组纠错方法,设置纠错量子线路;用８个量子们编码时,建立同态量子位对模型,简化了量子编码。     

激发相干态下介观电感耦合电路的量子效应

从无耗散介观电感耦合电路的经典运动方程出发,运用线性变换的方法对电路进行量子化,在此基础上计算了激发相干态下电路中电荷、电流的量子涨落。结果表明,在未接电源时各回路电荷、电流的平均值和方均值均不为零,存在量子涨落,涨落大小不仅取决于回路自身的参数,还与另一回路参数以及耦合电感参数有关,即两回路的量子噪声是相互关联的,而且它们还明显地依赖于电路所处的状态参数,即粒子数态参数和相干态参数。     

Fault Models for Quantum Mechanical Switching Networks

In classical test and verification one develops a test set separating a correct circuit from a circuit containing any considered fault. Classical faults are modelled at the logical level by fault models that act on classical states. The stuck fault model, thought of as a lead connected to a power rail or to a ground, is most typically considered. A classical test set complete for the stuck fault model propagates both binary basis states, 0 and 1, through all nodes in a network and is known to detect many physical faults. A classical test set complete for the stuck fault model allows all circuit nodes to be completely tested and verifies the function of many gates. It is natural to ask if one may adapt any of the known classical methods to test quantum circuits. Of course, classical fault models do not capture all the logical failures found in quantum circuits. The first obstacle faced when using methods from classical test is developing a set of realistic quantum-logical fault models (a question which we address, but will likely remain largely open until the advent of the first quantum computer). Developing fault models to abstract the test problem away from the device level motivated our study. Several results are established. First, we describe typical modes of failure present in the physical design of quantum circuits. From this we develop fault models for quantum binary quantum circuits that enable testing at the logical level. The application of these fault models is shown by adapting the classical test set generation technique known as constructing a fault table to generate quantum test sets. A test set developed using this method will detect each of the considered faults.     

量子态控制中的矩阵的分解

综述了量子态的控制和矩阵分解之间的关系.着重介绍了近年采用的新的分解技术,基于群论的Carton分解和基于数值线性代数的cosine-sine分解.介绍了用这些矩阵分解技术在量子信息科学特别是量子线路研究方面所取得的成果.这些研究成果对量子纠缠动力学、量子态的控制、量子网络的优化起到了很大的作用.最后具体地对2-qutrit门的Cartan分解作了讨论,并将它们写成指数形式.     

Quantum Computer Simulator Based on the Circuit Model of Quantum Computation

A quantum computer simulator is presented. This simulator is an engineering work and no deep understanding of quantum mechanics is required from the user. The simulator is based on the circuit model of quantum computation in which quantum gates act on quantum registers which comprise a number of quantum bits (qubits). The inputs to the simulator are the initial states of the qubits that form a quantum register and the quantum gates applied at each computation step. The inputs are entered through a graphical user interface. The outputs of the simulator are the matrices that represent the quantum register state at each quantum computation step and graphical outputs that show the probability of measuring each one of the possible quantum register base states and the phase of each state at each computation step. The well-known Deutsch's algorithm and the quantum Fourier transform, which is the base of many quantum algorithms, are presented using this simulator. Furthermore, the generation and variation of entanglement during quantum computations can be calculated using this simulator. The quantum computer simulator is a useful tool for the study of quantum computer circuits, quantum computing, and the development of new quantum algorithms.     

基于四粒子cluster态的N位量子态秘密共享方案

为了实现N位量子态秘密共享,提出利用四粒子cluster态作为量子信道,cluster态虽然不是最大的纠缠态,但是有比最大纠缠态更强健的性质,通信者Alice通过添加辅助粒子,并对量子态进行五粒子联合测量,Bob（Charlie）对手中的粒子进行单粒子测量,并把结果和恢复量子态需要进行的操作告知Charlie（Bob）,Charlie（Bob）按照从Bob（Charlie）处得到的信息对手中的粒子进行相应的操作,最后再根据需要,把量子态通过相应的量子线路得到所需要共享的量子态。安全性分析证明此方案是安全的。     

Materials Origins of Decoherence in Superconducting Qubits

Superconducting integrated circuits incorporating Josephson junctions are an attractive candidate for scalable quantum information processing in the solid state. The strong nonlinearity of the Josephson effect enables one to tailor an anharmonic potential and thus to realize an artificial quantum two-level system (“qubit”) from a macroscopic superconducting circuit. Josephson qubits can be made to interact strongly and controllably, and it should be straightforward to fabricate circuits incorporating hundreds or even thousands of Josephson qubits using standard thin-film processing techniques. Work over the last several years has shown that qubit performance is limited by spurious coupling of the qubit to microscopic defect states in the materials that are used to implement the circuit. Here we discuss the materials origins of dissipation and dephasing in superconducting qubits. A deeper understanding of the underlying materials physics that governs decoherence in superconducting quantum circuits will guide the search for improved, low-noise materials and fuel continued progress in the field of superconducting quantum computing.      

Implementation of new superconducting neural circuits using coupledSQUIDs

A novel superconducting neuron circuit and two types of variable synapses, which are based on superconducting quantum interferometer devices (SQUIDs), are presented. A neuron circuit with good input-output isolation and steep threshold characteristics is accomplished using a combination of a single-junction SQUID coupled to a double-junction SQUID. The quantum state of the single-junction SQUID represents the neuron state, and the output voltage of the double-junction SQUID, which is operated in a nonlatching mode with shunt resistors, is a sigmoid-shaped function of the input. Both variable synapse circuits are composed of multiple shunted double-junction SQUIDs. The first type changes its conductance value by using both superconducting and voltage states. The second variable synapse circuit changes its output current digitally by switching its bias currents. Besides numerical simulations of the circuit characteristics, we have fabricated superconducting neural chips in a Nb/AlO_x/Nb Josephson junction technology. The fundamental operation of each element and a 2-bit neural-based A/D converter have been successfully tested. A learning system with a variable synapse is also discussed