半无限大弹性地基等效刚度公式及其应用

根据Mindlin关于一集中力作用在半空间弹性体中的位移公式,采用能量等效原理推导出半无限大弹性地基考虑基础埋深时基坑底部的法向等效刚度和切向等效刚度公式、基坑坑壁的法向等效刚度和切向等效刚度公式。同理根据Boussinesq关于半空间体在边界上受法向集中力的位移公式和Cerruti关于半空间体在边界上受切向集中力的位移公式,推导出不考虑基础埋深时地基的法向等效刚度和切向等效刚度公式,以及运用这些公式计算出半无限大弹性地基取不同地基土时的等效刚度。最后举例说明了这些等效刚度公式在分析高层和超高层建筑的上部结构、基础、地基的共同工作时的应用。     

二对边法向支承矩形边界平面问题新解法

新解法将平面问题分为广义静定和广义超静定二类,前者可以直接求解,后者要用叠加法求解。广义静定问题解由角点集中力解、体力分量解和计算边值条件解组成,这三种解要满足不同的变形协调条件,必须分别计算。角点集中力解、体力分量解与双调和方程无关,也不必满足边界条件;它们在边界处的应力和位移值反向作用在相应边界上为虚拟边值条件,实际边值条件和虚拟边值条件之和为计算边值条件。计算边值条件解即为经典的双调和方程解,由通解和特解组成。求解角点集中力解采用了隔离体平衡法。该文详细推导了二对边法向支承矩形边界平面问题所有解的表达式以及求解方法,并附有算例。     

广义函数论在厚板动力分析中的应用

本文运用广义函数论处理δ函数的导数,对集中力作用下的厚板进行动力分析。基本方程采用由本文作者推演得到的改进的Donnell厚板振动方程。用样条配点法求解广义坐标,对集中力作用下的厚板弹性动力响应给出解的一般表达式。文中以能形板为例给出了数值结果,对按改进理论和经典理论所预示的结果进行了比较。本文方法可以用于厚板物理非线性和几何非线性动力分析和厚板与连续介质共同作用的场合,文中给出了有关表达式。     

冰对海洋结构的作用力

本文将海冰作为无限大或半无限大的平板，将海水的浮力作为弹性地基，把海冰与孤立桩的作用力看作为集中力，海冰的破坏看作为集中力作用下的平板失稳问题。数值计算结果给出了临界截的表达式，为海洋结构的设计提供了依据。     

国家自然科学基金资助项目（11272228）

基于单集中力作用下半无限平面的应力分布公式,利用外载荷叠加原理,得到自平衡面内集中力系作用下薄圆盘的应力分布公式,通过积分计算进一步获得自平衡面内分布力系作用下薄圆盘的应力分布表达式。取切比雪夫多项式与边界函数的乘积作为容许函数,应用里兹法分别导出薄圆盘在任意面内静力荷载作用下的横向自由振动与屈曲的特征值方程,数值求解特征值方程得固有频率和屈曲荷载。与取幂级数和傅里叶级数乘积作为容许函数以及有限元结果对比验证了方法的快速收敛性和高精度。     

横向集中力作用下悬臂薄板形变分析

对悬臂矩形薄板上作用的横向集中力进行了处理，导出它在任意横向集中力作用下的挠度方程组。建立了悬臂薄板弯曲形变与尺寸、荷载、弹性模量和泊松比之间的关系。据此给出用悬臂薄板弯曲形变测定板材弹性模量和泊松比的实验方案。进行了钢、铝合金、有机玻璃和玻璃布酚醛复合板的弯曲实验和拉伸实验。二者数据一致。     

轴向压力和分布载荷联合作用下压杆屈曲问题的实用算法EI北大核心CSCD

采用渐进积分法研究了压杆在轴向集中力和轴向分布载荷联合作用下的弹性屈曲问题。推导出了在各种边界条件下,承受轴向集中力和轴向分布载荷时临界力的计算公式。建立了轴向集中力和轴向分布载荷联合作用下压杆的四阶微分方程,用均布载荷作用下梁的四阶微分方程比拟压杆,得到压杆屈曲函数的初函数。将挠度函数代入压杆的四阶微分方程进行积分得到下一次迭代挠度函数。利用相邻两次迭代屈曲模态函数最大挠度相等准则,推导出了临界压力公式。与集中力和分布载荷单独作用下的欧拉临界力公式和贝塞尔函数精确解相比,二、三次迭代就可以达到令人满意的工程要求精度。在轴向压力和分布载荷联合作用下,经过三次迭代,可得到临界力的简洁表达式,对实际工程中的压杆具有重要的指导意义。     

柔索分析的“悬链段”方法研究

本文介绍了基于“悬链段”概念分析索形结构问题的非线性计算方法,适用于任意垂度的索道工程设计。推导了在沿索均布载及单集中力作用下,支点不等高柔索的超越方程(组)并给出了相应的算例。分析结果表明,本方法精度高于其它近似法,可以正确揭示柔索的实际受力及变形性能。     

求解弹性地基圆板问题的点源法

本文提出了一种解弹性地基圆板的点源法,成功地解决了作用任意载荷圆板的挠度弯矩与剪力问题,给出了集中力作用在不同边界约束圆板的挠度曲线。数值计算误差均在0.07%范围内。并提出当地基刚度 k≤D/R~4时,其结果与无弹性地基板的解基本吻合。     

不同弹性材料交接边界附近作用有集中力和集中力偶的解答

文献[1]中用解析延拓的方法求解了半无限板内一点作用有集中力的问题。本文将它推广于不同弹性性质材料交接边界附近作用集中力和集中力偶的情况。求得了应力函数Φ(z)和Ψ(z)的精确表达式。当其中一种材料的拉梅常数μ趋于0,与文[1]解答相吻合,μ趋于∞,则为固定(刚性)边界问题的解答。     

On fatigue cycle distribution in non-stationary switching loadings with Markov chain structure

The non-stationary loadings experienced by structural members can be often modelled as a sequence of stationary load states, with different mean and variance levels, where load switches are controlled by an underlying random process (regime process). The structural integrity of structures and mechanical components under such complex loadings requires the assessment of the statistical distribution of rainflow cycles counted within single load states, as well as of transition cycles caused by load state switches. Under the assumption of a constant mean for the switching loading, the authors showed in a previous paper that a linear combination of single loading spectra would provide a fairly good estimation of the overall loading spectrum of the switching loading. However, when mean value differences among load states are large, additional fatigue cycles caused by load state transitions would be present, besides cycles counted within load states. This work presents a comprehensive approach to assess the overall loading spectrum in switching loadings with variable mean value, when modelling the underlying regime process as a stationary Markov chain. For large relative mean value differences compared to load state variances, transition cycles are found by rainflow counting the regime process. The rainflow matrix for transition cycles is then estimated from the transition probability matrix of regime process by a method available in the literature. The distribution of the ranges of transition cycles is finally estimated from the statistical distribution of the largest peak and the lowest valley within load states. An illustrative example is finally discussed to show the accuracy of the proposed method.     

Parametric study of the post-buckling strength of structural core sandwich panels

Post-buckling strength of simply supported orthotropic corrugated board panels subjected to edge compressive loading has been investigated using geometrically non-linear finite element analysis (FEA). Adjustments of the transverse shear stiffnesses in the FEA were necessary and performed by comparing the critical buckling load calculated by FEA with a closed form solution. The collapse load of the sandwich plate was calculated based on material failure of the facings predicted from Tsai-Wu failure theory. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the sensitivity of the collapse load to changes in the transverse shear stiffnesses of the core, initial out-of-plane imperfections, asymmetry in board construction, slenderness ratio and eccentric loading of the plate. It was found that a reduction of the transverse shear stiffnesses of the core below a certain limit produces a significant reduction in the collapse load. Panels are said to be insensitive to imperfections and this holds true when the imperfections are the same as or lesser than the thickness of the panel, but a 40% reduction of the collapse load is observed for imperfections that are ten times the panel thickness. From a design point of view it is shown that a symmetrical board is preferred because an asymmetric board as well as eccentric loading of the panel significantly reduce the collapse load. It is also shown that the critical buckling load is directly related to the slenderness ratio of the panel whereas the collapse load is not.     

An adaptive production control system utilizing agent technology

Agents are intelligent software objects capable of reasoning about, and interacting with, their environment. This paper presents conceptual and prototypical models of an adaptive production control system based on agent technology. In the system presented both workpieces and resources are represented by agents. Supervisory agents are introduced as the production load on the resources increases and removed as the load decreases. These supervisory agents serve to balance the production load across resources and maximize overall throughput. Simulation studies are presented demonstrating improvements in throughput, resource utilization, and work-in-process inventories over systems invariant to production load.     

DX桩单桩沉降的理论计算研究

DX桩由于承力盘的存在,改变了桩的荷载传递机理,在提高承载力的同时,沉降变形也显著减小。在桩的现场试验基础上,分析了DX桩与等截面桩的桩顶荷载的分配特性,进而依据Mindlin解和Geddes解求解桩端土的附加应力,编制了相应的程序,计算结果表明在同样的荷载条件下,DX桩的沉降是等截面桩的0.55~0.80倍,并对承力盘的变化引起的DX桩的沉降变化进行了分析。     

Economic order quantities and variations in production load

When production orders are initiated by an inventory control system the production load daring a given time period can be looked upon as a random variable. When order quantities are large the variations in production load can be a severe problem. One way to smooth the variations in the load is to use smaller order quantities than those given by traditional lot sizing techniques. This is in practice done with the aid of simple rules of thumb. In this paper we describe a model for determining order quantities when the cost of a varying production load is recognized. The required production capacity is defined by a small given probability for overload during the time period regarded.     

Investigating the tension load of rubber composites by impact dynamic testing

This work deals with establishing the tension load by impact dynamic testing of rubber composite conveyor belts. The value of tension load affects the shape of the used impactor and use of a support system as well as the weight of the ram and the impact height. An increase in the allowable stress when the belt is tensioned was examined during the test, to determine the effect of impact on the tension load. The obtained values of tension load are assessed using basic mathematical and statistical methods. Using the Design of Experiments method, factors that significantly affect the value of the tension load are identified.     

Large deflections of a cantilever beam subjected to a rotational distributed loading

Large deflection problems of a uniform cantilever beam under a rotational distributed loading are formulated by means of a second order nonlinear integro-differential equation. The problem is numerically solved by considering a uniform rotational distributed load and a linearly varying rotational distributed load along the span of the beam. The details of load deflection curves are presented. Assuming Dirac delta function as a load distribution function along the span of the beam, the present general formulation yields the solution for the problem of a uniform cantilever beam with end rotational concentrated load. The numerical results for this case are found to be in good agreement with existing closed form solutions. As the formulation is general, the problem with nonuniform rotational distributed load of any complexity can be solved following the present numerical procedure which is quite simple, accurate and involves less computational time.     

Erprobungsmethodik für zyklisch überelastisch beanspruchte Bauteile unter Torsion – Bauschinger‐Kenngrößen für 54SiCr6

Power transmission contains several torsion‐stressed parts. Especially shafts and springs are numerous considered. Helical springs as a special type of springs are mainly stressed by torsion load. During operation the spring's load is basically elastic. In some cases, like overload or machine disaster, the load exceeds the spring's yield stress. For a single event the deformations can be calculated easily by using flow charts. However in other cases the spring will be stressed several times with alternating plastic load. Therefore the calculation will not be as easy as in the single load case. Especially the hardening and softening mechanisms have major influence on material behavior. For high strength steel this material behavior is not fully investigated right now. Present article shows a way how to investigate several important Bauschinger parameters based on plastic torsion load for the high strength steel 54SiCr6. Finally it can be shown that 54SiCr6 is influenced by the Bauschinger effect. On the other hand the needed material characteristic can be investigated by the shown methodology. Based on the identified data, analytical and numerical calculation of alternating plastic torsion load can be done.     

建筑结构相关荷载组合的平稳二项随机过程方法

目前建筑结构设计和分析的荷载组合采用的是经验性的荷载组合规则,荷载组合结果具有较大的随意性,不能计算荷载组合值的保证率。在将随时间变化的荷载随机过程假定为平稳二项随机过程的基础上,研究多个相关或不相关荷载(或荷载效应)组合问题。考虑参与组合的荷载随机变量间的相关性,确定了组合荷载随机过程的参数;根据最大熵原理确定了荷载组合随机过程的任意时段幅值随机变量的概率分布,从而建立了相关随机荷载的组合方法;结合现行规范设计方法,进一步讨论了荷载组合系数的确定;最后采用MonteCarlo试验验证了本文的荷载组合方法,并对常见的几种经验荷载组合规则进行了概率校核。     

Parameter estimation for load‐sharing system subject to Wiener degradation process using the expectation‐maximization algorithm

In practice, many systems exhibit load‐sharing behavior, where the surviving components share the total load imposed on the system. Different from general systems, the components of load‐sharing systems are interdependent in nature, in such a way that when one component fails, the system load has to be shared by the remaining components, which increases the failure rate or degradation rate of the remaining components. Because of the load‐sharing mechanism among components, parameter estimation and reliability assessment are usually complicated for load‐sharing systems. Although load‐sharing systems with components subject to sudden failures have been intensely studied in literatures with detailed estimation and analysis approaches, those with components subject to degradation are rarely investigated. In this paper, we propose the parameter estimation method for load‐sharing systems subject to continuous degradation with a constant load. Likelihood function based on the degradation data of components is established as a first step. The maximum likelihood estimators for unknown parameters are deduced and obtained via expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm considering the nonclosed form of the likelihood function. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.