A New Wideband Adaptive Digital Predistortion Technique Employing Feedback Linearization

We develop a new wideband digital feedback predistortion (WDFBPD) technique for modulated signals with wide bandwidths by combining digital feedback predistortion (DFBPD) linearization and memory-effect compensation techniques. For the experiments, a class-AB amplifier using an LDMOSFET with 90-W peak envelope power is employed. The proposed technique is compared with existing DFBPD and memory polynomial (MP) techniques for a 2.14-GHz forward-link WCDMA 2FA signal with 10-MHz carrier spacing. The experimental results show that the new WDFBPD technique has better linearization performance than conventional DFBPD and lower computational complexity than the MP technique.     

Adaptive Digital Feedback Predistortion Technique for Linearizing Power Amplifiers

We have developed a new adaptive digital predistortion (DPD) linearization technique based on analog feedback predistortion (FBPD). The lookup-table-based feedback input can remove the bandwidth limitation of the feedback circuit related to the loop delay, and suppress feedback oscillation by accurate digital control of the feedback signal. Moreover, the predistortion (PD) signal can be extracted very efficiently. By combining the feedback linearization and DPD linearization techniques, the performance of the predistorter is enhanced significantly compared to the conventional DPD. To clearly visualize the characteristics of digital FBPD (DFBPD), we have compared it to the conventional DPD based on the recursive least square algorithm using Matlab simulation. The results clearly show that the new method is a good linearization algorithm, better than a conventional DPD. For the demonstration, a Doherty power amplifier with 180-W peak envelope power is linearized using the proposed DFBPD. For a 2.14-GHz forward-link wideband code-division multiple-access signal, the adjacent channel leakage ratio at 2.5-MHz offset is -58 dBc, which is improved by 15 dB at an average output power of 43 dBm     

Effect of feedback delay error on adaptive digital predistortion

The effect of feedback delay error on adaptive digital predistortion is analysed, i.e. a linearisation technique for RF power amplifiers is developed. A method for calculating achievable adjacent channel interference level with certain delay error is presented. The method and results can be utilised in estimating the required accuracy for delay compensation     

Transmitter linearisation using composite modulation feedback

Analogue modulation feedback linearisation techniques are inherently bandwidth-limited, while adaptive baseband predistortion methods require complex DSP for implementation. A combined approach is proposed, overcoming the drawbacks and benefiting from the advantages of each technique     

Feedback quantization in crosscorrelation predistorters

Amplification of signals with fluctuating envelopes inevitably leads to distortion because of nonlinear behavior of the power amplifier (PA). Digital predistortion can counteract these nonlinear effects. In this letter, the crosscorrelation predistorter is described and the effects of quantization in the feedback path are presented. One of the effects is that the quantization noise is correlated with the signal to be quantized, resulting in reduced performance of predistortion. A technique to reduce these effects is to inject a dither signal before quantization. Because of the quantization noise and dither signal, more data has to be used to obtain estimates of the PA behavior that are accurate enough for effective predistortion.     

Magnetic-Feedback-Based Predistortion Method for Low-Noise Amplifier Linearization

A predistortion method for CMOS low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) to be used in broadband wireless applications is presented. The method is based on the nulling of the third-order intermodulation distortion of the main amplifier by a highly nonlinear predistortion branch. Maximum nonlinearity product cancellation is ensured by a transformer feedback method. The technique improves linearity in a wide range of input power without significant gain and noise figure (NF) degradation. Simulation results on a 1-V LNA indicate a 10.3-dB improvement in the third-order input intercept point with a degradation of only 1 and 0.44 dB in amplifier gain and NF, respectively. The design is based on a 0.13-mum CMOS technology     

A data predistortion technique with memory for QAM radio systems

The authors present an efficient data predistortion technique with memory for compensation of high-power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearities in digital microwave radio systems employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal formats. A practical implementation method is described which trades off performance against complexity and which makes it possible to implement this kind of predistorter in 256-QAM, and higher-level QAM systems. Using the 16-, 64-, and 256-QAM signal constellations, it is shown that the proposed technique achieves a considerably higher performance than that of conventional memoryless data predistortion of the predistortion technique with memory based on finite-order inverses of nonlinear systems. Specifically, numerical results show that the proposed technique achieves a gain that is in excess of 2 dB over conventional memoryless data predistortion     

基于幂级数多项式的基带预失真技术分析

为了减小功放的非线性,使系统实现线性输出,介绍了一种基于幂级数多项式的数字基带预失真技术,并论述了其基本原理和系统结构,最后从邻信道功率比(Adjacent Channel Power Ratio)、星座图、功放的幅度-幅度特性(AM-AM)三个方面进行了仿真,结果表明该预失真技术较传统的查询表预失真技术,不仅能节省大量的存储空间,而且能更好地纠正功放的非线性,预失真性能更优。     

Linearizability of TWTAs using predistortion techniques

Predistortion linearization is a very effective technique for improving the linearity and efficiency of traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifiers. In this paper, we will study the effectiveness of predistortion techniques for TWT linearization using single-tone, two-tone, and quadrature-amplitude-modulation signals. The results from a series of predistortion linearization experiments for five TWTs covering L-, C-, Ku-, and Ka-bands and including both helix- and coupled-cavity TWTs will be presented. We will demonstrate the additional improvement of fifth-order predistortion linearization over the more commonly used third-order predistortion linearization. To circumvent the complexity and limited availability of a pure fifth-order linearizer, a technique for realizing nonlinear functions of order greater than or equal to five using cascaded third-order nonlinear functions is described. The technique can be used to efficiently generate higher order nonlinearities for predistortion linearization applications. We will demonstrate experimentally that the use of two cascaded third-order functions is comparable to a pure fifth-order implementation in performance.     

Low Complexity Partial Transmit Sequence with Complex Gain Memory Predistortion in OFDM Systems

In this paper the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and digital predistortion effects in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are investigated. By applying a predistortion technique called complex gain memory predistortion (CGMP), power amplifier works at higher power efficiency. The proposed enhanced partial transmit sequence scheme is applied for PAPR reduction and integration with CGMP technique results in increasing in OFDM system efficiency and prolonged battery life. Simulation and results are examined with actual power amplifier and OFDM signal with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation.     

A Saturated Doherty Power Amplifier Based On Saturated Amplifier

A saturated Doherty power amplifier (PA) based on the saturated PA tuned by the self-generated harmonic currents is presented. When driven with mobile WiMAX 1FA signal, this Doherty PA demonstrates high efficiency performance (average 57%) over the WiMAX band from 2.5 GHz to 2.7 GHz. Simulated and experimental results allow the evaluation for the load modulation behavior of the saturated PA and bandwidth correlation between the Doherty and saturated unit PAs. The linearity requirement of the WiMAX signal is met using the digital feedback predistortion linearization technique.      

基于RLS算法的记忆多项式预失真技术分析

自适应数字基带预失真技术是功放线性化技术中很有前景的技术之一。为了能够使数字基带预失真系统快速收敛且便于工程应用,介绍了一种基于迭代最小二乘(RLS)算法的记忆多项式预失真技术,并论述了其基本原理和系统结构,最后从邻信道功率比(ACPR)、星座图以及误码率3个方面进行了仿真,结果表明基于该算法的预失真技术不仅可以克服传统LMS预失真算法收敛速度慢的缺点,而且便于结合QR分解等方法来硬件实现,预失真性能更优。     

Digital predistortion based on single-feedback method and indirect learning structure

This paper proposes a novel digital predistortion method for both memory and memoryless power amplifiers, which only needs one feedback circuit. In comparison with the previous methods, the proposed method has the greatest advantage that it can eliminate the gain and phase imbalance errors of the quadrature demodulator without digital IQ compensator, and the performance of digital predistortion can be improved with lower costs and less computation complexity. Combining with the indirect learning structure, it is easy to design the predistorter. Experimental results show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Analysis of Adaptive Digital Feedback Linearization Techniques

A new lookup-table linearization technique is developed based on the digital feedback and digital feedback/predistortion (DFBPD) concepts. The linearization characteristics are investigated through system simulation of a real power-amplifier model with 90-W peak envelope power. The DFB suppresses forward-path nonlinear distortion as a gain reduction due to the FB effect, and this technique enhances the system tolerance without any bandwidth limitation. As the PD network is added to the FB loop, the linearization performance and system tolerance are further improved because of more accurate PD signal extraction. In addition, the gain is purely determined by the FB path, so the gain fluctuation in the forward path, including amplifier aging and temperature effects, is suppressed. The analysis and simulation allow experimental evaluation of the linearization mechanism and performance of the DFBPD technique for an 802.16e mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access signal.      

一种基于LS/SVD的基带预失真算法

自适应基带预失真技术是用于补偿高功率放大器非线性失真的一种有效技术。早期对预失真的研究大多局限于无记忆非线性,但对于OFDM等宽带应用,放大器的记忆效应明显。介绍了一种基于最小二乘奇异值分解(LS/SVD)的自适应算法来实现有记忆非线性功放的自适应基带预失真。仿真结果表明,该方案用于正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中能有效抑制带外频谱扩散,减小带内失真,实现有记忆非线性功率放大器的自适应预失真。     

射频预失真器与基带预失真算法结合对行波管功率放大器线性化改善的影响

为了保证自适应算法的效果,一般会将行波管输出功率进行一定回退,但是会降低行波管的工作效率。通过在行波管前端加入射频预失真器,在额定输入功率范围内,线性化后的行波管的非线性失真现象得到了一定程度改善,然后再进行基带自适应算法的实现。X波段行波管在输出功率回退较少的同时,达到较好的非线性失真改善效果。     

基于多项式的功率放大器预失真技术

基于查询表(LUT)及基于多项式的基带数字自适应预失真技术,是目前功率放大器(PA)线性化技术中通常采用的两种方法.分析了两种方法的优、缺点,深入研究了基于多项式的预失真技术.从直接控制及间接控制结构两方面进行了性能的仿真分析,得出了预失真性能较好的多项式控制结构形式.     

卫星通信中的数字基带预失真技术研究

数字基带预失真技术是克服高功率放大器非线性失真最有效的方法之一。早期对预失真技术的研究大多局限与无记忆非线性，但对于宽带和多载波应用。记忆非线性失真将不能再被忽略，无记忆预失真非线性补偿机制可能失效。文中研究了卫星通信系统中大功率记忆非线性功放的自适应基带预失真线性化技术，提出了一种基于记忆多项式的非直接学习结构的自适应基带预失真方案，给出了自适应算法。仿真结果表明，该方案能有效抑制带外频谱扩散，减小带内失真，降低误比特率，实现有记忆非线性大功率放大器的自适应预失真。     

Second- and third-order signal predistortion for nonlinear distortion suppression in a TWT

The nonlinearity inherent in the traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier distorts amplified signals and results in reduced efficiency and bandwidth, limiting its use in communication and electronic countermeasure applications. Signal predistortion is an effective technique for suppressing nonlinear distortion in TWTs that provides high suppression and requires simple circuits for implementation. While conventional predistortion linearizers are based on third-order intermodulation (3IM) injection, this paper proposes using second-order (second-harmonic) signal injection in predistortion circuits. A detailed experimental investigation and comparison of second-order versus third-order signal predistortion is presented. It is observed that both schemes result in suppression of up to 30 dB (55 dBc) for the 3IM distortion products. However, experimental results indicate that second-harmonic signal injection performs better than 3IM in suppressing higher order products. The paper also investigates spatial evolution of the wave spectrum along the TWT axis with and without injection, and sensitivity of the suppression to injected signals amplitude, phase and the fundamental frequency.     

一种数字预失真功放输出动态提升技术

数字预失真功放的输出动态提升技术在现代功率放大器设计和研究中已成为一个重要的课题。本文基于数字预失真功放自身特征以及自适应信号处理技术,提出了一种全新的输出动态提升技术。理论分析和试验结果表明：采用该新型技术的数字预失真功放不仅输出动态得到了大幅度提升,而且线性也有一定程度改善。