45钢表面WC-12Co金属陶瓷激光熔覆层的组织与性能研究

采用火焰喷涂技术,在45钢表面预置一层WC-12Co并进行激光熔覆实验.SEM分析试样显微组织与形貌,EDS分析界面元素分布特性,HXD-1000B维氏显微硬度仪分析显微硬度分布特征.结果表明,经激光熔覆后,火焰喷涂层所固有的片层状组织消失,形成了较为致密的熔覆层,涂层与基体间呈现冶金结合状态;熔覆层显微组织由表及里依次呈现多边形块状、枝晶状、颗粒状.熔覆层表层硬度最高,随着深度的增加,硬度逐渐下降,熔覆层与基体界面处硬度发生突变.     

等离子熔覆制备Fe3Al金属间化合物的组织结构

为了提高钢铁表面的抗高温腐蚀性能,应用电弧喷涂和等离子弧熔覆方法在碳钢表面制备Fe-Al金属间化合物涂层。通过对熔覆层及其与钢基体界面的组织结构分析,认为该方法可以在钢基表面获得致密、无夹杂的铁铝金属间化合物层,合金层与基体间完全冶金结合;熔覆层主要由Fe3Al,FeAl和α-Fe相构成。在试验条件下所获得的铁铝合金层,其最高显微硬度可达到514HV。     

45钢表面喷涂熔覆层的微观组织与耐磨性能研究

采用电弧喷涂和氩弧重熔工艺对45钢进行表面喷涂处理,研究熔覆层中WC含量对试样硬度、耐磨性和摩擦系数的影响。结果表明,在熔覆层中添加15%WC的试样,其硬度和耐磨性较高,主要磨损机制为微切削和轻微剥落。     

激光重熔Cr等离子喷涂层的组织及其导电性的研究

用5kW CO2激光器对铜排表面的Cr等离子喷涂层进行重熔，并对激光熔覆层组织、硬度、导电性能进行了研究。结果表明，激光熔覆层的组织致密、均匀，与基体结合很好。涂层平均显微硬度为HV200，是基体的3倍左右。激光熔覆层和等离子喷涂层在0．35mm处的电导率分别为70.4％IACS和53，5％IACS．对于3mm厚的铜排，激光熔覆和等离子喷涂铜排的整体电导率则分别为96．2％IACS和92．6％IACS。激光熔覆层和激光熔覆后铜排的整体电导率均高于相应的等离子喷涂层及其铜排。     

半导体激光熔覆与超音速火焰喷涂Ni60粉末组织与性能的研究

分别用半导体激光与超音速火焰喷涂设备在45钢基体上制备Ni60合金涂层。用扫描电镜、金相显微镜、XRD对熔覆层进行微观组织和成分的研究。并对熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性进行分析。结果表明:激光熔覆层质量良好、无缺陷,熔敷层与基体之间形成良好的冶金结合;超音速火焰喷涂的熔覆层与基体为机械结合,结合力相对较弱。激光熔覆层内组织致密、晶粒细小且析出了C化物与Cr化物,这使激光熔敷层的硬度与耐磨性高于超音速火焰喷涂。     

高速钢轧辊的激光熔覆试验研究

采用500W脉冲激光器对冶金精密轧辊进行激光熔覆Ni+WC粉末,用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对熔覆层显微组织和成分分布进行分析,并用显微硬度计测试硬度.结果表明:涂层与基体为冶金结合,涂层的显微组织细化;激光熔覆层表面硬度高达1076HV,而基材硬度为655HV.     

Q235钢等离子弧熔覆铁基合金涂层的组织分析

采用等离子弧熔覆技术,选择合适的工艺参数,在Q235钢基体上熔覆Fe-Cr-B-Si-C铁基合金耐磨涂层.采用OM、SEM、EDS等研究了熔覆层的组织,并用显微硬度计测试了熔覆层的显微硬度分布.结果表明:熔覆层与钢基体呈冶金结合,组织致密;熔覆层主要由马氏体和Cr23C6组成,显微硬度从表面向基体逐渐降低,呈梯度分布,近表面的最高硬度达到670HV0.2.     

镁合金表面等离子喷涂+激光重熔Al-Si基纳米Si_3N_4复合涂层

为了改善镁合金表面的性能,将等离子喷涂和激光重熔技术相结合,利用5 kW横流连续CO2激光器,在AZ31B镁合金表面进行了激光重熔Al-Si+1%nano-Si3N4等离子喷涂复合涂层的试验研究。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射仪分析了重熔层的组织、成分分布和重熔前后的物相及结合界面,用显微硬度仪和电化学工作站测试并对比复合涂层重熔前后的硬度和腐蚀性能。结果表明,等离子喷涂层经激光重熔后与镁基体达到了良好的冶金结合,在激光作用下,重熔层析出的金属间化合物AlN、Mg2Si及弥散的铝硅固溶体强化相有效提高了其显微硬度,最高值达到514 HV0.05,是基体的10倍。在析出强化相作用下,重熔层的耐蚀性得到明显提高,自腐蚀电流较喷涂层和镁基体降低一个数量级。     

镍基碳化钨颗粒增强复合熔覆层的组织结构与摩擦学性能

借助激光熔覆方法在H13钢基材上制备不同WC含量的Ni基WC复合熔覆层,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、微区X射线能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了熔覆层表面的物相、熔覆层与基材的结合情况、熔覆层内部增强相的形貌、成分与分布;在室温下测试显微硬度、摩擦因数和磨损率。结果表明:基体和熔覆层之间为冶金结合,熔覆层物相为γ-Ni相、WC、Cr23C6、W2C相,这些碳化物呈现近圆形;激光熔覆层中Ni基体的显微硬度为550-700 HV0.1,硬质相颗粒的显微硬度为2700~3500 HV0.1,是基材显微硬度的5~7倍;Ni基+30%WC熔覆层的摩擦因数为0.7,磨损率为1.92×10~(-8)mm~3/(N·m)。随着WC含量增多45%,耐磨性进一步提高、摩擦因数约为0.4,磨损率为8.32×10~(-9)mm~3/(N·m),WC含量达到60%,摩擦因数为0.5、磨损率与45%WC熔覆层磨损率接近;综合比较,45%WC激光溶层耐磨减摩效果最佳。     

氩弧重熔Q235钢B-C-N共渗层的组织结构及耐磨性

采用粉末包埋法对Q235钢进行B-C-N共渗,并对共渗层进行氩弧重熔。观察共渗层和熔覆层的显微组织并进行结构分析,测试共渗层及熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性。结果表明：共渗层的显微组织由FeB、Fe₂B、Fe₃B、Fe₂N、Fe₈N和Fe₃C相组成,氩弧重熔层形成了新相Fe₂₃(B, C)₆和Fe₃N等;共渗层显微硬度最高值为1198.4 HV0.1,重熔层的最高硬度值为1192.8 HV0.1,但硬度梯度变化平缓;共渗层、氩弧重熔层相对基体的耐磨粒磨损性能分别为2.77、3.76倍;共渗层、氩弧重熔层相对基体的耐粘着磨损性能分别为1.95、3.23倍,摩擦因数分别为0.502、0.462,较基体均有所下降。     

模具渗硼工艺及其发展应用

渗硼是提高模具使用寿命的重要途径，是在金属表面形成高硬度的金属硼化层，显著提高其耐磨性，且具有良好的耐热性和耐蚀性。近年来，随着渗硼工艺逐步改进和完善，已发展了复合渗、多元共渗及低温渗硼工艺，取得了良好的经济效果。     

Stainless and acid-resisting steels and alloys

Conclusions Highly alloyed steels and alloys are produced in conformity with GOST or technical specifications in thick and thin sheets, beams and channels, bars, hot-rolled and cold-rolled pipe, and rod. Castings are produced in the specialized plant of the Ministry of Chemical and Petroleum Machine Building.The technology of welding stainless steels and alloys is given in [15] and [16].TsNIIChERMET. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 43–50, October, 1967.     

Nanochemistry and supramolecular chemistry of actinides and lanthanides: Problems and prospects

The possibility of using unique properties of lanthanides in the nanotechnology is demonstrated. The origination of linear and nonlinear optical properties of lanthanide compounds with phthalocyanines, porphyrins, naphthalocyanines, and their analogs in solutions and condensed state and the prospects of obtaining novel materials on their basis are discussed. Based on the electronic structure and properties of lanthanides and their compounds, namely, optical and magnetic characteristics, electronic and ionic conductivity, and fluctuating valence, molecular engines are classified. High-speed storage engines or memory storage engines; photoconversion molecular engines based on Ln(II) and Ln(III); electrochemical molecular engines involving silicate and phosphate glasses; molecular engines whose operation is based on insulatorsemiconductor, semiconductor-metal, and metal-superconductor types of conductivity phase transitions; solid electrolyte molecular engines; and miniaturized molecular engines for medical analysis are distinguished. It is shown that thermodynamically stable nanoparticles of Ln _x M _y composition can be formed by d elements of the second halves of the series, i.e., those arranged after M = Mn, Tc, and Re. Prospects of using lanthanide superconductors in nanotechnology are considered.     

ADI和CADI在冶金矿山等行业中的应用及前景

综述了ADI和CADI的耐磨性能及耐磨原理;详细介绍了ADI磨球、衬板和锤头的应用情况,认为ADI件无论在综合力学性能,还是在耐磨性、使用寿命、成本方面都优于高铬铸铁件;同时还介绍了CADI在农业机械领域的应用效果.根据我国钢铁行业的发展趋势,指出ADI和CADI耐磨件市场前景广阔.     

金刚石、CBN有序排列及择优取向工具的研发及应用

有序排列／择优取向超硬材料工具的技术创新，将广泛适用于电镀、树脂、陶瓷、金属结合剂制品工具中，使用超硬材料颗粒在结合剂中均匀排列并择优定向，以最大潜能的发挥超硬材料各个方面固有的特性。并针对不同的加工对象，有选择性的使用超硬材料各自不同的特性，从而使超硬材料工具将以经济、高质与高效的优势替代传统的超硬材料工具并将进入新兴的加工领域，为生产企业带来新的发展机遇。本文将对有序排列与择优取向技术的研究现状及其在不同的金刚石工具中的应用做一阐述。     

Hardness and elastic modulus of amorphous and nanocrystalline SiC and Si films

Hydrogen-free amorphous and nanocrystalline films were prepared by magnetron sputtering of the SiC or Si targets. Mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus, intrinsic stress) and film structures were investigated in dependence on the substrate bias and temperature. It was found that both hardness and elastic modulus of all amorphous a-SiC films prepared at different substrate temperatures and biases are always lower than those for bulk α-SiC single crystal while the hardness of partially crystalline SiC films is higher and the elastic modulus lower than those for α-SiC one. In contrast, both hardness and elastic modulus of all amorphous Si films are always lower than those for nanocrystalline Si films which show approximately the same value as the Si single crystal.