2195铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺

试验研究了8 mm厚2195-T8铝锂合金板材搅拌摩擦焊工艺,分析了不同搅拌针结构设计对焊缝内部质量的影响,研究了工艺参数对接头表面成形的影响,测试了接头的力学性能。结果表明,使用圆锥螺纹+三个斜面结构的搅拌针焊接,接头内部质量更好;在室温和低温(-196℃)条件下,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率都呈现出随焊接速度的增加先增加后减少的趋势,当焊接速度为100 mm/min时,室温和低温(-196℃)下接头抗拉强度、断后伸长率都达到最高值,接头抗拉强度分别为428 MPa,538 MPa,断后伸长率分别为4. 9%,7. 4%;接头断裂位置位于热影响区,断口呈45°剪切断裂,断裂部位有明显颈缩。     

2195铝锂合金VPTIG焊接头组织性能

采用VPTIG焊方法对2195铝锂合金薄板进行焊接,分别对接头的宏观形貌、显微组织及力学性能进行分析。结果表明:VPTIG焊方法焊接2195铝锂合金薄板的效果良好,焊缝金属组织为细小等轴晶,热影响区晶粒略有长大,熔合区存在明显的细晶区;焊接接头平均强度达到373 MPa,接头系数约为66%。     

时效和预变形对2195铝锂合金组织与性能的影响

利用透射电镜、拉伸试验等手段，研究了时效温度、时效时间和预变形量对2195铝锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响，优化了铝锂合金的时效处理工艺。结果表明：T6态和T8态铝锂合金的硬度均会随着时效时间的延长先增加后减小，经过预变形处理后铝锂合金的峰值硬度对应的时效时间缩短；随着时效时间的延长，T6态和T8态铝锂合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率的变化趋势相同，经过预变形处理的T8态(预变形量5%+175℃/36 h)铝锂合金的峰值抗拉强度、峰值屈服强度和对应断后伸长率较T6态(175℃/48h)铝锂合金分别增加了11.58%、22.97%和17.78%。T6态和T8态铝锂合金中均存在颗粒状δ′相、针状θ′相、类球形δ′/β′复合相和针状T₁相，且后者的T₁相更加细小、数量更多、分布更加均匀。2195铝锂合金适宜的时效工艺和预变形量为175℃/36 h+5%。     

2195-T6铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织结构与力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊对2 mm厚的2195-T6铝锂合金进行焊接,利用OM,SEM,EBSD等分析技术探讨焊接速度对接头组织结构与力学性能的影响. 结果表明,搅拌头转速为800 r/min、焊接速度在120 ~ 210 mm/min范围内,焊核区晶粒均较为细小,平均晶粒尺寸约为1 μm. 随着焊接速度的提高,大角度晶界含量增大,焊核区的{110}<110>织构和{011}<100>戈斯织构消失. 接头硬度的最低值均出现在后退侧热影响区,且在焊接速度为180 mm/min时,接头的抗拉强度与断后伸长率达到最大值,最大抗拉强度为467 MPa,约为母材的86.3%,此时断后伸长率为5.0%,断裂模式为韧性断裂,但断口呈现一定的脆性断裂特征.     

2195铝锂合金焊接技术研究进展

文中阐述了2195铝锂合金在焊接过程中存在的接头软化、易产生气孔和裂纹三类问题,综述了2195铝锂合金在TIG焊、MIG焊、搅拌摩擦焊、激光焊及电子束焊中的研究现状,尤其是介绍了焊接工艺对焊接接头微观组织与力学性能的影响,并对2195铝锂合金焊接技术研究未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

不同成形状态2195铝锂合金GTAW焊接头的组织与性能

采用喷射沉积2195铝锂合金旋态和锻态材料进行了GTAW对接焊,检测了接头抗拉强度和维氏硬度,观察了接头金相组织及断口形貌,对接头各区域进行了EBSD表征和微观特征量的统计分析,讨论了接头微观组织与力学性能的相关性. 结果表明,旋、锻态材料具有良好的GTAW工艺性,接头抗拉强度达到了各自母材的71%和68%,断后伸长率达到7.3%,拉伸断口呈现出韧性断裂特征. 接头焊缝区金属的小角度晶界比例较低,靠近旋侧的小角度晶界比例为6.4%,靠近锻侧的小角度晶界比例为7.8%;旋侧与锻侧的焊接热影响区及熔合区均趋于一种相似的微结构,母材、热影响区、熔合区及焊缝金属的平均晶粒尺寸依次处于10,10 ~ 15,15 ~ 23,20 ~ 25 μm的水平,具有较好的组织“连续性”,母材晶粒细小、成分均匀的特点在焊接过程中得到了保持,一定程度上展现了喷射沉积铝锂合金材料的应用优势.     

2195铝锂合金超声TIG焊的组织与性能分析

采用了普通TIG焊和超声复合TIG焊对2 mm厚度的2195铝锂合金进行了平板对接焊,并对两种焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究. 结果表明,由于超声的作用效果,超声TIG焊的焊缝具有更加致密的组织,熔合区附近的等轴细晶区区域较宽;拉伸性能测试表明,超声TIG焊接头具有较高的拉伸性能,接头强度系数比普通TIG焊提高6.7%,断后伸长率提高1.36%,拉伸接头均断裂在热影响区硬脆的晶界相内,显微硬度测试表明超声TIG焊接头受热影响软化区域较窄.     

焊后热处理对铝锂合金电子束焊接头组织与性能的影响

对2090铝锂合金电子束焊接头进行焊后热处理,热处理工艺为530℃固溶0.5h+190℃时效12h。结果发现,焊接接头的抗拉强度由焊态下的331MPa提高到热处理后的415MPa,焊后热处理使接头的强度大大提高。金相组织观察表明,铝锂合金电子束焊接头经过热处理后焊缝晶粒形貌由焊态下的等轴树枝晶转变成等轴晶,并且在晶粒内部和晶界处析出细小的强化相。XRD相结构分析显示接头焊缝中的强化相主要为δ′(Al3Li)、T1(Al2CuLi)、β′(Al3Zr)等。TEM观察证实,热处理后2090铝锂合金接头焊缝中析出了多量的球状δ′相和针状T1相。拉伸断口分析表明,铝锂合金电子束焊接头在焊态下为带韧窝的穿晶断裂,经过热处理后接头断裂模式转变为沿晶断裂。     

低温下预变形对2195铝锂合金组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、扫描电镜观察，研究了2195铝锂合金经预变形和时效处理后力学性能与试验温度的关系及其相应的微观组织的变化特点。结果表明：2195铝锂合金在低温下的力学性能有显著提高，在峰时效时，低温的拉伸性能上升了120MPa，同时延伸率略有上升，且规律性更强；相同时效制度下，随变形量的增加，抗拉强度有明显提高，延伸率先增加然后缓慢下降，但仍保持在较高水准。从综合力学性能考虑变形量控制在6％～12％的较为适宜。     

铝锂合金瞬间液相扩散连接接头的性能

采用纯Zn箔作中间层，对2195铝锂合金进行瞬间液相扩散焊(TLP),采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、显微硬度计和万能试验机等研究了焊接温度对接头的显微组织、元素扩散、物相以及力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着焊接温度的升高，接头焊缝处元素扩散更充分，组织更均匀，但焊接温度过高时，焊缝处会出现母材过烧和晶粒粗大的现象；接头焊缝处物相主要由Al、Al_0.71Zn_0.29和CuZn₂金属间化合物组成；随着焊接温度的升高，接头显微硬度总体呈下降趋势，剪切强度呈先上升后下降的趋势，当焊接温度为560℃时，接头剪切强度最大，为96.7 MPa。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.