Ni-纳米Al2O3复合镀层结构和耐磨性能研究

采用复合电镀技术通过向电镀溶液中加入平均粒度为90nm的Al2O3粉,在Ni基材上制备了Ni-纳米Al2O3复合镀层,应用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(EDAX)及透射电镜(TEM)等手段对复合镀层的表面形貌和结构进行了表征,并通过试验考察了镀层的磨损性能.结果表明,纳米Al2O3颗粒均匀分布在Ni纳米晶中;纳米Al2O3颗粒的加入不仅细化了基体Ni的晶粒尺寸,而且还具有弥散强化作用,从而提高了Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性能.     

NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒的制备及其氧化特性研究

通过对直流电弧等离子体制备的Ni纳米颗粒钝化处理得到NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒。并对试样的组成成分、形貌、晶体结构、粒度和氧化特性采用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)、热重和差示扫描量热分析仪(TGA/DSC)等手段进行分析。结果表明:经过表面钝化处理的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒具有明显的核-壳结构,内核为纳米Ni,外壳为NiO氧化物。颗粒呈球形,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在20~70nm范围内,平均粒径为44nm,壳层氧化膜的厚度为5~8nm。壳核结构防止了纳米Ni颗粒的进一步氧化和团聚。     

晶内/晶间复合型Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的研究

采用非均相沉淀法和热压工艺制备了Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷.在1450℃热压γ-Al2O3/Ni复合粉体得到相对密度＞98%的金属陶瓷.结果表明,Ni颗粒均匀分布在基体中,其中＜100nm的Ni颗粒位于Al2O3晶内,100～300nm的分布在晶界,形成了晶内/晶界复合型纳米金属陶瓷.同单相Al2O3相比,Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷的三点抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别增加了26%和79%分析了纳米金属陶瓷的增强增韧机制.     

Ni包裹Al2O3复合粉体的制备

采用非均相沉淀工艺在Al2O3颗粒表面均匀地包裹上镍盐前驱体,经煅烧、还原后得到纳米晶Ni包裹Al2O3复合粉体.相分析表明,非晶态的镍盐前驱体在550℃已转变为NiO,再经700℃氢气处理后,NiO还原为Ni,其晶粒尺寸约为20nm.结构分析表明,复合粉体在热处理过程中,包裹层由连续态变为非连续态.     

BN包覆Co纳米胶囊的制备和性能

用直流电弧等离子法蒸发Co-B非晶合金,以Co-B非晶合金靶材,制备了BN包裹Co和少量CoB合金的纳米颗粒,用高分辨电镜、X-Ray衍射及选区电子衍射和光致发光光谱及红外光谱对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制备的纳米颗粒是一种具有核壳结构的纳米胶囊,尺寸为10-100 nm,核由Co和少量CoB合金组成,壳是厚度为3～5 am的BN;Co/CoB作为催化剂在蒸发时促使B与N反应,生成BN包覆在其表面形成纳米胶囊.壳核结构能防止纳米Co颗粒的氧化和团聚.这种纳米胶囊的饱和磁化强度为63.16 Am2/kg,矫顽力为23.16 kA/m.其矫顽力比相应的块体材料提高的主要原因,是颗粒尺寸变小和多畴粒子畴壁的钉扎作用.     

一步法原位合成Fe_2O_3/Ag磁性核壳粒子

采用原位法一步合成了α-Fe2O3和Fe2O3/Ag磁性核壳粒子,通过XRD,TEM和UV光谱研究了Fe2O3/Ag核壳纳米复合材料的结构。结果表明:一步合成了α-Fe2O3,纳米α-Fe2O3粒子表面被Ag层包覆,纳米α-Fe2O3核的平均粒径大约为20～30nm,Ag壳层厚度为10～15nm,形成了核壳结构的电磁复合纳米粒子。α-Fe2O3/Ag核壳纳米复合材料导电率为0.317S/cm。α-Fe2O3粒子具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为1.28A.m2.kg-1,矫顽力为8.2784kA.m-1。α-Fe2O3/Ag核壳粒子饱和磁化强度为0.92A.m2.kg-1,其矫顽力与α-Fe2O3粒子基本一致。     

Al/Al2O3多层膜的表面和界面的分析研究

用热蒸发沉积和自然氧化及加热法制备纳米量级的Al/Al2O3薄膜和多层膜.用X射线光电子谱仪(XPS)和透射电镜(TEM)对样品进行检测.XPS实验说明自然氧化的Al2O3膜层厚在2～5 nm.Al/Al2O3薄膜及多层膜的O与Al的原子浓度比为1.43～1.85.Ar离子刻蚀的XPS实验结果(刻蚀速率为0.09 nm/s)说明2个对层的Al/Al2O3多层膜截面样品具有周期性结构.TEM观察到了5个对层的Al/Al2O3多层膜的层状态结构,其周期为4 nm.由此说明,热蒸发及自然氧化法是制备纳米量级的Al/Al2O3多层膜的有效方法.     

晶内/晶间复合型Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的研究

采用非均相沉淀法和热压工艺制备了Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷。在1450℃热压γ-Al2O3/Ni复合粉体得到相对密度＞985的金属陶瓷。结果表明，Ni颗粒均匀分布在基体中，其中＜100nm的Ni颗粒位于Al2O3晶内，100－300nm的分布在晶界，形成了晶内／晶界复合型纳米金属陶瓷。同单相Al2O3相比，Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷的三点抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别增加了26％和795。分析了纳米金属陶瓷的增强增韧机制。     

Al/Al2O3多层膜的表面和界面的分析研究

用热蒸发沉积和自然氧化及加热法制备纳米量级的Al/Al2 O3薄膜和多层膜。用X射线光电子谱仪 (XPS)和透射电镜 (TEM)对样品进行检测。XPS实验说明自然氧化的Al2 O3膜层厚在 2～ 5nm。Al/Al2 O3薄膜及多层膜的O与Al的原子浓度比为 1 4 3～ 1 85。Ar离子刻蚀的XPS实验结果 (刻蚀速率为 0 0 9nm/s)说明 :2个对层的Al/Al2 O3多层膜截面样品具有周期性结构。TEM观察到了 5个对层的Al/Al2 O3多层膜的层状态结构 ,其周期为 4nm。由此说明 ,热蒸发及自然氧化法是制备纳米量级的Al/Al2 O3多层膜的有效方法     

Ni包裹Al2O3复合粉体的制备

采用非均相沉淀工艺在Al2O3颗粒表面均匀地包裹上镍盐前驱体，经煅烧，还原后得到纳米晶Ni包裹Al2O3复合粉体，相分析表明，非晶态的镍盐前驱体在550℃已转变为NiO，再经700℃氢气处理后，NiO还原为Ni，其晶粒尺寸约为20nm。结果分析表明，复合粉体在热处理过程中，包裹层由连续态变为非连续态。     

薄壳层核壳型Ni/Pt纳米粒子的制备及电催化性能

通过胶体-化学镀法制备不同厚度薄壳层核壳型Ni/Pt纳米粒子, 采用HRTEM、EDS、XPS和XRD手段对粒子的形貌、晶型和组成进行物理表征. 采用动电位、循环伏安法对其氧电还原和甲醇电氧化活性进行测试. 实验结果表明, 核壳结构Ni/Pt纳米颗粒基本为球形, 其中Ni₁-Pt_0.067平均直径为7 nm左右, 壳层厚度约1 nm. 与Pt/C相比, 核壳型Ni/Pt纳米粒子对氧电还原和甲醇电氧化的催化活性显著提高. 在所制备的不同壳层厚度催化剂中, Ni₁-Pt_0.067/C在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄中氧电还原的最大峰电流密度可达到143.06 mA/mg, 是相同反应条件Pt/C峰电流密度的1.4倍; 而Ni₁-Pt_0.067/C在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄+1.0 mol/L CH₃OH溶液中甲醇电氧化峰电流密度可达538.3 mA/mg, 是Pt/C峰电流密度的5.2倍. 若以1 mg贵金属Pt为基准, Ni₁-Pt_0.067/C的比质量活性相对Pt/C的提高了30倍.     

A facile synthesis of Cu(2)O/SiO(2) and Cu/SiO(2) core-shell octahedral nanocomposites

We report here a simple approach to the synthesis of Cu(2)O/SiO(2) core-shell nanocomposites in water solution. The Cu(2)O cores have a perfect octahedral structure with uniform size of about 200-300?nm. A compact SiO(2) shell 9?nm in thickness is located at the surfaces of Cu(2)O octahedra, and it is composed of fine SiO(2) nanoparticles. During the depositing of the SiO(2) particles, as we presumed, dynamic absorbing and disengaging of Na(+) at the interface of Cu(2)O octahedra and the solution made it possible for the formation of Cu-O-Si bonds between core and shell in the composites. The existence of Cu-O-Si bonds in our core-shell composite can be substantiated by peak changes at?1236 and 1080?cm(-1) in the FT-IR spectra. This is the reason why the SiO(2) shell is so compact and uniform. Moreover, these Cu(2)O/SiO(2) core-shell octahedra were further used as precursors, depending on a simple disproportionation reaction of Cu(2)O in acid, to easily achieve Cu/SiO(2) movable multicore-shell octahedral nanocomposites. In the final Cu/SiO(2) core-shell composite, the thin SiO(2) octahedral shell was held, inside of which formed several free Cu nanoparticles 50-80?nm in size. Studies on the Cu(2)O/SiO(2) core-shell octahedral composites and Cu/SiO(2) movable multicore-shell octahedral nanocomposites would be a good thing not only for fundamental research but also for applications.     

纳米银镓合金/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合粒子的结构表征

在不加任何引发剂和金属还原剂的条件下, 超声辐射双原位引发乳液聚合制备纳米银镓合金/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Ag-Ga/PMMA)复合粒子。利用HREM、 EDS、 XRD等对复合粒子进行了分析, 表明所制得的乳胶粒子具有典型的核壳结构, 粒径为80~200nm, 分布均匀, 单分散性好, 基本没有出现团聚。乳胶粒子中成壳部分的聚合物产生了一层层有序组装的现象。XRD证明, 有纳米合金Ag_0.72Ga_0.28存在; 此外还出现了2个新的衍射峰, 推断可能是新的银镓合金物质。      

Ni/Ni3C core-shell nanochains and its magnetic properties: one-step synthesis at low temperature

One-dimensional Ni/Ni3C core-shell nanoball chains with an average diameter by around 30 nm were synthesized by means of a mild chemical solution method using a soft template of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). It was revealed that the uniform Ni nanochains were capped with Ni3C thin shells by about 1-4 nm in thickness and each Ni core consists of polygrains. The coercivity of the core-shell nanochains is much enhanced (600 Oe at 5 K) and comparable with single Ni nanowires due to the one-dimensional shape anisotropy. Deriving from the distinctive structure of Ni core and Ni 3C shell, this architecture may possess a possible bifunctionality. This unique architecture is also useful for the study on the magnetization reversal mechanism of one-dimensional magnetic nanostructure.     

Al2O3@Y3Al5O12纳米短纤维对铝合金基复合材料的增强作用

采用一种具有芯-壳结构的复合纳米纤维增强铝合金复合材料,可以在提高抗拉强度的同时增加塑性。通过真空热压烧结技术制备了Al₂O₃@Y₃Al₅O₁₂复合纳米短纤维增强2024铝合金复合材料。研究了纤维添加质量分数对复合材料致密度、硬度、抗拉强度及延伸率的影响;并探究了芯-壳结构在复合材料增韧中的作用。结果表明:Al₂O₃@Y₃Al₅O₁₂纳米短纤维具有良好的分散性,在超声分散及机械搅拌混粉后均匀吸附在铝合金颗粒表面,无分层及团聚现象;经热压烧结后,Al₂O₃@Y₃Al₅O₁₂纳米短纤维以短纤维形态均匀分散在铝合金基体内,少量添加Al₂O₃@Y₃Al₅O₁₂纳米短纤维起到了桥联和孔洞填充作用,使复合材料致密度和硬度提高;添加质量分数为1wt%时,抗拉强度和延伸率取得最大值,由铝合金的249.3 MPa、2.9%增加到299.1 MPa、4.3%。Al₂O₃@Y₃Al₅O₁₂纳米短纤维的添加可以细化晶粒,阻碍裂纹扩展,且在拔出/断过程中Al₂O₃@Y₃Al₅O₁₂纳米短纤维芯-壳结构的塑性变形起到了增强增韧作用。      

碳包覆NiO纳米颗粒的制备与性能

采用直流电弧放电等离子体技术成功制备了碳包覆NiO(NiO@C)纳米颗粒,并对样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度、比表面积和孔结构采用高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线能量色散分析谱仪、拉曼散射光谱和N_2吸-脱附等测试手段进行了分析。实验结果表明:直流电弧等离子体技术制备的NiO@C纳米颗粒具有典型的核壳结构,内核为面心立方结构的NiO纳米颗粒,外壳为碳层。颗粒形貌主要为立方体结构,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在30~70nm范围,平均粒径为50nm,外壳碳层的厚度为5nm。NiO@C纳米颗粒BET比表面积为28m~2/g,等效直径为46nm,与TEM和XRD测得的结果基本一致。Raman光谱说明样品中碳包覆层的石墨化程度较低,发生了红移现象。     

Structure characterization of Ag-Ga/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles

The Ag-Ga/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles were prepared in-situ by emulsion polymerization method under ultrasonic irradiation without any initiators or metal reductant. HRTEM, EDS and XRD experiments were performed to characterize the nanoparticles. The results indicated that the nanocomposite particles possessed core-shell structure with diameters of 80-200 nm, as well as excellent monodispersity. The phenomenon that the polymer forms the shell via layer-by-layer self-assembly was found. XRD proved the existence of Ag0.72Ga0.28 and the probability of new Ag-Ga alloy because of two unknown diffraction peaks.     

Effect of Ni+2-substituted Fe2TiO5 on the H2-reduction and CO2 Catalytic Decomposition Reactions at 500℃

CO2 is a major component of the greenhouse gases, which causes the global warming. To reduce CO2 gas,high activity nanosized Ni 2 substituted Fe2TiO5 samples were synthesized by conventional ceramic method.The effect of the composition of the synthesized ferrite on the H2-reduction and CO2-catalytic decomposition was investigated. Fe2TiO5 (iron titanate) phase that has a nanocrystallite size of ～80 nm is formed as a result of heating Fe2O3 and TiO2 while the addition of NiO leads to the formation of new phases (～80 nm)NiTiO3 and NiFe2O4, but the mixed solid of NiO and Fe2O3 results in the formation of NiFe2O4 only.Samples with Ni 2=0 shows the lowest reduction extent (20%); as the extent of Ni 2 increases, the extent of reduction increases. The increase in the reduction percent is attributed to the presence of NiTiO3 and NiFe2O4 phases, which are more reducible phases than Fe2TiO5. The CO2 decomposition reactions were monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments. The oxidation of the H2-reduced Ni 2 substituted Fe2TiO5 at 500℃ was investigated. As Ni 2 increases, the rate of reoxidation increases. Samples with the highest reduction extents gave the highest reoxidation extent, which is attributed to the highly porous nature and deficiency in oxygen due to the presence of metallic Fe, Ni and/or FeNi alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of oxidized samples show also the presence of carbon in the sample containing Ni 2＞0, which appears in the form of nanotubes (25 nm).     

Fe3O4/Ni复合纳米颗粒的制备及其微波吸收特性

采用电爆炸技术,合成了粒径约为70nm 的Ni纳米颗粒,以3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂(MPTS)对Ni颗粒进行表面改性,利用共沉淀法对改性Ni颗粒进行包覆得到核-壳结构的复合纳米颗粒。将获得的复合纳米颗粒作为微波吸收剂, 并以不同比例分散到热固性酚醛树脂中,涂刷在200mm×200mm的金属板上,用RAM反射率远场RCS测量法研究了微波吸收特性。研究表明,核-壳结构Fe₃O₄/Ni复合颗粒作为微波吸收剂,在相同质量比条件下,其微波吸收性能明显优于纯Ni纳米颗粒或Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的情况,并且在Fe₃O₄/Ni核-壳结构复合纳米颗粒中随着镍含量的提高,微波吸收增强,而随着Fe₃O₄含量的增加,微波吸收频段向高频段移动。