Separation of cation–anion mixture using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration in a mixed micellar system

Aqueous solution containing copper (cation) and potassium permanganate (anion) was treated by ultrafiltration using mixed micellar system comprising of sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetylpyridinium chloride. Simultaneous separation characteristics of both cation and anion, as well as permeate flux were studied for various operating conditions, namely, transmembrane pressure drop and cross-flow rate. The study was carried over a wide concentration range of both solutes. In the mixture, copper concentration was in the range from 0.05 to 4.0 kg/m³ and that of potassium permanganate was 0.05 to 0.25 kg/m³. Retention of copper was in the range of 90–100% and that of potassium permanganate was 96–99%. Permeate flux was found to be less in the mixed micellar system compared to single surfactant system. A four step chemical treatment process was proposed to recover and reuse the surfactants.     

Aqueous polymerization of acrylamide by electrolitically generated KMnO4 organic acid redox systems

Polymerization of acrylamide was carried out with potassium permanganate–malonic acid, potassium permanganate–tartaric acid, and potassium permanganate–citric acid redox initiator systems with and without electrolysis. The effect of potassium permanganate concentration, acrylamide concentration, and temperature on the polymerization yield was studied and molecular weights of polymers were determined and compared with electrolytic conditions. At low concentrations of potassium permanganate, continuously supplying Mn(III) has an advantage over the noneelectrolytic method for which polymerization did not occur under these conditions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Kinetics of vinyl polymerization initiated by potassium permanganate/β-hydroxybutyric acid redox system

The aqueous polymerization of acrylamide initiated by potassium permanganate/β-hydroxybutyric acid has been studied volumetrically at 35 ± 0.01°C in an inert medium. The rate of polymerization shows nearly square root dependence on β-hydroxybutyric acid at low concentration (3.12 – 12.5 · 10^?3 mol dm^?3). The order with respect to potassium permanganate has been found to be 0.6 indicating thereby a bimolecular mode of termination. The polymerization rate has been varied linearly at low monomer concentrations i.e. from 2.5 –7.0 · 10^?2 mol dm^?3. The dependence of number average degree of polymerization on the initial rate of polymerization and temperature has been determined. The over-all activation energy has been found to be 51.66 kJ mol^?1. A kinetic reaction scheme is proposed on the basis of experimental results.     

Influence of potassium permanganate pretreatment on mechanical properties and thermal behavior of moso bamboo particles reinforced PVC composites

To illustrate the mechanism of oxidizer treatment on wood cellulose reinforced plastic composites, moso bamboo particles were modified with potassium permanganate aqueous solutions and then filled in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix. Mechanical properties and thermal behaviors of moso bamboo particles reinforced PVC composites (BPPC) were investigated. Results showed that tensile strength of BPPC achieved its maximum value of 13.79 MPa with 0.5% potassium permanganate treatment while modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity reached their highest values of 30.36 MPa and 3261.89 MPa, respectively, at 0.2% concentration. Potassium permanganate treatment enhanced elongation at break and flexural deformation of BPPC. The melting temperature reached 190.8°C with 0.5% potassium permanganate treatment and the melting enthalpy of crystallization was reduced to 69.82 J/g with 0.2% potassium permanganate treatment. A uniform dispersion of moso bamboo particles in PVC matrix was obtained after potassium permanganate treatment. Low concentration potassium permanganate would oxidize hydroxyl groups of moso bamboo cellulose while too high concentration would degrade moso bamboo cellulose. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1460–1465, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Decolorization of azo dye Orange II by ferrate(VI)-hypochlorite liquid mixture, potassium ferrate(VI) and potassium permanganate

Ferrate(VI)-hypochlorite liquid mixture was prepared using hypochlorite, an industrial by-product, via wet oxidation method. Its oxidizing ability was investigated by decolorizing azo dye Orange II in batch experiments, and compared with potassium ferrate(VI) and potassium permanganate. Effects of the oxidant concentration, dye concentration, initial pH of dye solutions and UV 254 nm irradiation were examined. The color removal by potassium permanganate, potassium ferrate(VI) and the ferrate(VI)-hypochlorite liquid mixture at 30 min reached 17.7%, 62.0% and 95.2%, respectively. The ferrate(VI)-hypochlorite liquid mixture maintained a high decolorization efficiency over a wide pH range from 3.0 to 11.0, indicating that the initial solution pH had little impact on its oxidizing power. However, the decolorization efficiency by potassium permanganate was proved to be highly pH dependent and the lowest efficiency was observed at neutral pH. UV 254 nm irradiation did not enhance the decolorization efficiencies significantly for both the ferrate(VI)-hypochlorite liquid mixture and potassium permanganate over a wide pH range.     

高锰酸钾及其复合药剂在水处理中的应用

作为强氧化剂的高锰酸钾对环境污染物质的去除具有独特的功能。通过对高锰酸钾、高锰酸钾复合药剂、高锰酸钾粉末活性炭联用组合工艺的应用评述，表明高锰酸钾及其复合药剂在去除水中有机污染物、除藻、除臭、除色、控制致突变物质和强化混凝等方面具有诸多优异的表现，是一种高效、经济的氧化剂，具有广阔的应用前景。     

高锰酸钾及其复合药剂在水处理中的应用

评述了高锰酸钾、高锰酸钾复合药剂及高锰酸钾及其复合药剂与其它方法联用工艺在水处理中应用的研究进展,发现高锰酸钾及其复合药剂在去除有机污染物、除藻及藻臭、除色度及浊度、除重金属离子以及强化预氯化消毒方面的诸多优异表现,为高效、经济的氧化剂,在水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

玉米淀粉氧化工艺的研究

研究了玉米淀粉的氧化工艺。通过次氯酸钠、过氧化氢、高锰酸钾二次氧化、高碘酸钠氧化的比较,优选了高锰酸钾二次氧化作正交实验。直观分析及方差分析结果表明,最佳的氧化工艺为:氢氧化钠0.6 g,硫酸3 g,淀粉乳浓度40%,高锰酸钾1.2 g。     

Composition of humic substances in oxidized brown coal from Mongolia

The composition and properties of humic substances and residual coals separated from naturally or artificially oxidized (with 20% nitric acid, 30% hydrogen peroxide, and 4.8% potassium permanganate) brown coal samples with various initial degrees of humification from the Ulaan Ovoo deposit were studied using elemental, structural, and spectroscopic analysis (IR, UV, ¹³C NMR, and EPR spectroscopy).     

高锰酸钾复剂对给水处理中混凝的强化效应

通过混凝处理前采用高锰酸钾复合药剂预处理,考察了其对混凝水处理的强化效应。实验结果表明:高锰酸钾复合药剂预处理对混凝处理具有很好的强化效应,能显著提高混凝过程对浊度、有机物等污染指标的去除效率,改善出水水质,当高锰酸钾的用量为0.25mg/L时,聚合氯化铝和硫酸铝的投加量分别减少30%和40%。     

高锰酸钾复剂对混凝时苯酚的强化去除效应

通过对含酚水样采用高锰酸钾复剂预氧化,强化常规的混凝处理,分析了高锰酸钾复剂对混凝除酚的强化效应,结果表明:高锰酸钾复剂投加量为3mg/L时,苯酚的去除率比单纯使用聚合氯化铝时高70%以上。机理分析表明:高锰酸钾复剂的强化混凝作用主要是基于高锰酸钾氧化和中间产物新生态水合二氧化锰等的催化氧化的综合作用引起的。     

高锰酸钾溶液粗化环氧树脂板的研究

在不同的微蚀温度、时间条件下,研究了高锰酸钾微蚀溶液对环氧树脂层压板和3240型环氧树脂板(基板)微蚀作用的影响。通过基板表面形貌的观察和对化学镀铜层与基板间粘结强度的测定,研究和比较了高锰酸钾体系和传统的铬酐-浓硫酸体系对两种基板的微蚀效果。结果表明,经过高锰酸钾溶液处理后,环氧树脂层压板和3240型环氧板粘结强度分别可达到5.88 N/cm和2.35N/cm,远远高于传统的铬酐-浓硫酸处理后镀铜层与基板的粘结强度;同时,使用高锰酸钾溶液可以减小环境污染,且操作简单易行,它作为新型的微蚀体系有望取代传统的铬酐-浓硫酸微蚀体系。     

Influence of surface treatment on properties of Cocos nucifera L. Var typica fiber reinforced polymer composites

Natural fibers are a powerful competitor in the polymer composite market due to their availability, sustainability, obtainability, cost, and biodegradability. The surface of natural fibers was changed to increase mechanical qualities, hydrophobicity, and bonding with polymer matrix. This study exposes the influence of several surface treatments of coconut tree peduncle fibers (CTPFs) on the thermomechanical and water absorption properties of CTPF-reinforced polymer composites. The CTPFs were treated with sodium hydroxide, benzoyl peroxide, potassium permanganate and stearic acid at a constant 40 wt% and individually reinforced in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix containing 60 wt% CTPFs. Chemically treated CTPFs improved reinforcement-matrix adhesion and enhanced composite mechanical characteristics. In addition, the scanning electron microscope fractographical study of stressed composite specimens shows improved reinforcement-matrix bonding. Moreover, the treated CTPFs have a higher cellulose wt%, which improves the composites crystalline nature, hydrophobicity and thermal stability. The potassium permanganate treated CTPF composite's maximum tensile strength of 128 MPa, flexural strength of 119 MPa, impact strength of 9.9 J/cm², hardness value of 99 HRRW and thermal stability up to 193°C make them appropriate for lightweight mobility and structural applications.     

高锰酸钾和锰砂协同处理微污染水的实验研究

以微污染的黄河水为对象,研究了高锰酸钾和锰砂协同作用对其处理的机理和效率。结果表明,高锰酸钾对微污染水具有较好的处理效果与安全性。原水通过天然锰砂处理后,其COD降低了40%;加入高锰酸钾后,COD降低了80%,表明高锰酸钾对水中有机污染物具有良好的去除效果。     

Investigation of the reaction products of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine with potassium permanganate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was used to investigate the composition of the reaction products of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine with a potassium permanganate and potassium permanganate-hydrogen peroxide mixture. If the water contamination level is within 50 threshold limit values (TLV) (1 mg/ml), the proposed detoxication method utilizing potassium permanganate in combination with hydrogen peroxide allows for the reduction of the UDMH concentration to a safe level without the accumulation of transformation products. The detoxication of aqueous solutions with significant UDMH concentrations (up to 50000 TLV) (1 g/l) with potassium permanganate alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide reduces the UDMH concentration to a safe level, but UDMH transformation products, including the extremely toxic nitrozodimethylamine, are accumulated in the solution.     

Decolorisation of Remazol vinyl sulphone reactive dyes by potassium permanganate

Three Remazol vinyl sulphone‐based reactive dyes were selected to investigate their decolorisation by potassium permanganate, in relation to pH, concentration of potassium permanganate and time. The amount of colour removal was measured by ultraviolet–visual spectrometry and it was found that potassium permanganate only partially degraded the dye solution; this was also proved by the percent removal of chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. Decolorisation was observed to increase when the pH of the dye solution was decreased. Up to a pH level of 5, the decolorisation efficiency is very much slower, but as the pH level shifts towards 2 the rate of decolorisation becomes relatively faster, while a further decrease in pH results in a rapid change in decolorisation. The concentration of potassium permanganate also showed significant effects on the decolorisation. Rapid decolorisation was observed within 10 min for all three dyes, but after that time the decolorisation became slower.     

高锰酸盐复合药剂在水厂水处理中的应用

在水厂水处理生产期间,单独投加高锰酸盐复合药剂或者高锰酸钾药剂,然后收集生产试验过程中原水水质、出厂水和生产成本等生产数据,分析对比两种药剂在自来水工艺流程中的优点和不足之处。试验中,高锰酸盐复合药剂和高锰酸钾对出厂水各项指标效果差别不大,但高锰酸盐复合药剂在原材料成本上占有优势。     

高锰酸盐复合药剂的制备及其强化混凝的效能

以高锰酸钾为主剂．研究了高锰酸盐复合药剂中三种成分的配比,同时考察了其对混凝处理的强化效应。研究结果表明：与常规的混凝处理及仅投加高锰酸钾预氧化的混凝处理工艺相比,高锰酸盐复合药剂预氧化对混凝处理具有很好的强化效应,能显著提高混凝对浊度、有机物等污染指标的去除效率。在达到相近的出水水质时,投加0．8mg／L的高锰酸钾、10mgm的A组分和8mg／L的B组分,聚合氯化铝的投加量约减少50％。     

微污染废水处理的研究

阐述了2种活性炭处理微污染水技术,通过高锰酸钾预氧化过程,活性炭过滤过程和次氯酸钠氯化消毒这一连续过程,测定这3个阶段的水样的浊度,UV254,COD,观测这些指标在不同阶段随高锰酸钾浓度的变化情况,并通过最终的处理效果对照情况,寻求最适高锰酸钾浓度;同时通过对比上述2种处理技术的处理效果,确定出最佳方案。     

相转移催化氧化法合成硝基苯甲酸

研究了季铵盐 A- 1催化高锰酸钾氧化邻、对硝基甲苯 ,合成邻、对硝基苯甲酸的反应。考察了不同相转移催化剂的催化活性 ,催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、KMn O4 用量和反应体系酸碱性对反应的影响。在优化反应条件 ,即以季铵盐 A- 1为相转移催化剂 ,高锰酸钾与硝基甲苯摩尔比为 2 .5∶ 1 ,反应温度为 95°C,反应时间为 3h,在中性条件下进行反应 ,邻位、对位产物收率分别可达 95 %、92 %。实验表明 ,季铵盐 A- 1对于高锰酸钾氧化硝基甲苯合成硝基苯甲酸的反应 ,是一种优良的相转移催化剂