轻质抹灰磷建筑石膏性能影响机制研究

采用磷建筑石膏(PBG)、柠檬酸钠(SC)、甲基纤维素(MC)及玻化微珠为原料制备轻质抹灰石膏,并系统地分析了外加剂、轻集料对砂浆性能的影响机制。结果表明,柠檬酸钠可增大砂浆的流动性能, 当掺量为0.8%(掺量均为质量分数)时,样品抗压强度达到16.3 MPa。然而,甲基纤维素降低了砂浆的流动性能,当掺量为0.40%时,样品抗压强度仅为11.3 MPa。玻化微珠会降低砂浆密度及流动性,缩短凝结时间,增大了保水率及硬化体拉伸粘结强度。采用95%磷建筑石膏、5.0%玻化微珠并按磷建筑石膏质量外掺1.0%SC、0.20%MC配制的砂浆样品性能可达到GB/T 28627—2012《抹灰石膏》中的轻质抹灰石膏性能的要求。随着SC掺量的增加,轻质抹灰石膏水化产物二水石膏的形貌向长条、针状转变,晶体结晶度降低、搭接程度增大,从而使得抗折强度增大,抗压及拉伸粘结强度减小;随着MC掺量的增加,轻质抹灰石膏水化产物二水石膏的形貌变成厚板状,晶体间搭接程度及结晶度增大,使得硬化强度增大。     

重质抹灰石膏制备及其性能影响因素研究

通过三聚磷酸钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚、骨料掺量优化得到重质抹灰石膏配比,并针对骨料性质对抹灰石膏物理性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明:磷建筑石膏(PBG):骨料为1:1,按磷建筑石膏质量外掺0.5%(ω)三聚磷酸钠、0.1%(ω)羟丙基甲基纤维素醚(HPMC),制得重质抹灰石膏符合国家标准要求;大尺寸机制砂缩短抹灰石膏砂浆的凝结时间,增大样品保水率,低掺量粗机制砂增大样品抗折抗压强度,但不利于拉伸粘结强度,石英砂影响趋势则相反。     

利用脱硫石膏开发粉刷石膏砂浆产品

0概述。随着建筑材料市场的快速发展,新型石膏砂浆以其轻质、高强、节能等特点不断涌现,并且被建筑市场所接受.传统的水泥石灰类砂浆墙体抹灰材料由于粘结性能差,易起壳和开裂等原因已不能满足墙体抹灰要求.     

底层抹灰氟石膏性能研究

用物理、化学、物理与化学共同改性对氟石膏进行改性处理,研制成改性氟石膏,使其具有水化活性.以改性氟石膏为基本胶凝材料,分别采用不同的骨料配比、胶砂比进行试验,初步确定配比后按比例掺加矿粉、粉煤灰、水泥,最后掺加保水剂,分别研究其对抹灰氟石膏的凝结时间、强度、保水率等的影响.研究结果表明,优化配制的抹灰氟石膏各项性能指标符合《抹灰石膏》(GBT28627-2012)标准要求.     

粉刷石膏抹灰在住宅工程中的应用

保定市某住宅小区共23栋住宅楼,总建筑面积达13万m2,层数为地下一层,地上六层,结构形式采用异型柱框架、轻质墙结构,内、外填充墙采用M5混合砂浆砌筑陶粒混凝土空心砌块。内墙抹灰面积近30万m2,全部采用粉刷石膏抹灰,取得了良好的效果。     

脱硫建筑石膏粉制备自流平砂浆的技术研究

本文主要研究了脱硫建筑石膏制备自流平砂浆.确定了基础配比:脱硫石膏1200 g,砂800 g,水1000 g,消泡剂0.5‰,纤维素醚0.3‰,乳胶粉8‰,缓凝剂2‰.研究了激发剂对石膏基自流平砂浆的性能影响,确定了激发剂掺量为3％.研究了高效减水剂对石膏基自流平砂浆的适应性,结果表明:不同的高效减水剂对砂浆强度有一定的提高作用,但对石膏基自流平砂浆有不同程度的不适应.研究了不同的灰砂比对砂浆性能的影响,确定了砂浆强度随灰砂比的变化趋势.XRD和SEM分析显示水化产物为长条状二水石膏,晶型完整.     

脱硫石膏基无砂自流平砂浆的制备与性能研究

采用脱硫建筑石膏、P·O 42.5水泥、粉煤灰、石灰石超细粉以及外加剂为原料制备脱硫石膏基无砂自流平砂浆。采用正交试验确定石膏基胶凝材料的最优配合比,研究缓凝剂和纤维素醚对石膏基无砂自流平砂浆的性能影响,并利用XRD和SEM分别分析胶凝体系的水化产物和微观形貌,通过分析结果进一步研究外加剂的作用机理。结果表明:当脱硫石膏、水泥、粉煤灰和石灰石超细粉的质量比为16:1:2:1时,石膏基胶凝材料的强度最优;缓凝剂明显延长砂浆的凝结时间,但会导致砂浆产生泌水现象;纤维素醚可以提高砂浆的保水性,纤维素醚的引气作用造成砂浆强度下降。脱硫石膏基无砂自流平砂浆的性能指标满足《石膏基自流平砂浆》(JC/T 1023—2007)的要求。     

磷石膏基玻化微珠保温砂浆的制备研究

以工业副产石膏磷石膏为主要胶凝材料,配合氧化钙改性、羧甲基纤维素HPMC、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)等外加剂与玻化微珠轻质骨料复配,制备磷石膏基保温砂浆。优化配合比,采用20~40目为主要保温骨料,骨胶比0.6∶1,控制稠度80 mm左右,添加SDS 0.5%情况下,干表面密度≤0.35 g/cm3,石膏基保温砂浆抗折强度能达到0.3 MPa,抗压强度0.7 MPa,导热系数小于0.08 W/(m·K),满足GB/T 20473-2006《建筑保温砂浆》标准要求,为磷石膏的有效利用提供一种有效途径。     

脱硫石膏多元复配轻质砂浆的制备及性能研究

采用空心玻璃微珠轻质填料进行多元复配制备出脱硫石膏轻质砂浆。通过高倍偏光显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)对空心玻璃微珠的结构进行了表征,并重点研究了脱硫石膏轻质砂浆的力学性能。结果表明:玻璃微珠明显降低了脱硫石膏的容重和体积密度,分别下降56%和55%。综合因素,在抗压强度、抗折强度合理降低的情况下,为完全满足技术要求,玻璃微珠最佳添加量为总重量的4%。     

利用宝钢电厂脱硫石膏研制粉刷石膏产品

脱硫石膏是石灰/石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫工艺产生的工业副产物,其品位高于天然石膏.通过对宝钢电厂2#机组脱硫装置产生的脱硫石膏进行理化性能分析,在试验室条件下脱硫石膏煅烧成建筑石膏粉,并配制粉刷石膏砂浆.试验研究表明,脱硫石膏煅烧成的建筑石膏性能达到《建筑石膏》标准优等品的指标,是配制粉刷石膏砂浆的理想原料.     

辉光放电电解降解水体中阳离子桃红FG的机理

用辉光放电电解（GDE）技术对模拟染料废水阳离子桃红FG的降解过程进行了研究。通过发射光谱法测定了GDE产生的活性粒子,用紫外光谱和总有机碳（TOC）分析仪研究了不同放电时间下的脱色率和去除率,用电导率仪和酸度计测定了降解过程中溶液的电导率和pH的变化,同时用离子色谱对降解中间产物进行了分析。结合各种分析结果,探讨了GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理。结果表明,在最佳电压600 V时,溶液中产生HO·、O·、H·等高活性粒子;放电120 min时,200 ml 20 mg/L阳离子桃红FG的脱色率和TOC去除率分别可达99.0%和72.6%;降解液pH先减小后增大,电导率存在先增大后减小的趋势;离子色谱测试表明,降解过程中产生多种有机小分子酸。羟基自由基（HO·）对阳离子桃红FG的降解起关键作用,GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理为：HO·作用下助色基团键断裂,产生酚类等中间产物,然后继续被降解为醌和小分子有机酸,最终矿化为Cl^-、NO₃^-、CO₂和H₂O。     

Interphases in the Adhesive Bonding of Fluoropolymers

Strong and durable adhesive bonds may be made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and either cyanoacrylate (CA) or epoxy adhesives, if the PTFE surface is modified by the use of a “primer” such as triphenylphosphine (TPP) or diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The primer mixes with the PTFE surface, and the modified surface is then capable of forming an interphase, tens to hundreds of nanometers thick, where interpenetration of the adhesive and adherend occurs. Using CA adhesives, PTFE/CA/PTFE block compression shear bond strength (ASTM D4501-85) of over 10 MPa can be achieved, with failure occurring cohesively. Initial work with epoxy adhesives indicates that the use of DDM primer gives adhesive bonds comparable in strength with those produced by modification of the fluoropolymer surface by sodium naphthalenide.     

苯酚/丙酮市场供需现状与展望

分析了世界和我国苯酚／丙酮供需现状及消费结构,对未来供需进行了预测,提出了发展我国苯酚／丙酮装置的具体建议。     

Dextran sulfate sodium inhibits alanine synthesis in caco-2 cells

To understand and characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) has been used to induce acute and chronic colitis in animal models by causing intestinal epithelium damage. The mechanism of action of DSS in producing this outcome is not well understood. In an effort to understand how DSS might impact epithelial cell metabolism, we studied the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 incubated with 1% DSS over 56 hours using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. We observed no difference in cell viability as compared to control cultures, and an approximately 1.5-fold increase in IL-6 production upon incubation with 1% DSS. The effect on Caco-2 cell metabolism as measured through changes in the concentration of metabolites in the cell supernatant included a three-fold decrease in the concentration of alanine. Given that the concentrations of other amino acids in the cell culture supernatant were not different between treated and control cultures over 56 hours suggest that DSS inhibits alanine synthesis, specifically alanine aminotransferase, without affecting other key metabolic pathways. The importance of alanine aminotransferase in inflammatory bowel disease is discussed.     

Synergistic Interactions of Cannabidiol with Chemotherapeutic Drugs in MCF7 Cells: Mode of Interaction and Proteomics Analysis of Mechanisms

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid, has recently emerged as a potential cytotoxic agent in addition to its ameliorative activity in chemotherapy-associated side effects. In this work, the potential interactions of CBD with docetaxel (DOC), doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (PTX), vinorelbine (VIN), and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN−38) were explored in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells using different synergy quantification models. The apoptotic profiles of MCF7 cells after the treatments were assessed via flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of CBD and the most promising combinations were investigated via label-free quantification proteomics. A strong synergy was observed across all synergy models at different molar ratios of CBD in combination with SN−38 and VIN. Intriguingly, synergy was observed for CBD with all chemotherapeutic drugs at a molar ratio of 636:1 in almost all synergy models. However, discording synergy trends warranted the validation of the selected combinations against different models. Enhanced apoptosis was observed for all synergistic CBD combinations compared to monotherapies or negative controls. A shotgun proteomics study highlighted 121 dysregulated proteins in CBD-treated MCF7 cells compared to the negative controls. We reported the inhibition of topoisomerase II β and α, cullin 1, V-type proton ATPase, and CDK-6 in CBD-treated MCF7 cells for the first time as additional cytotoxic mechanisms of CBD, alongside sabotaged energy production and reduced mitochondrial translation. We observed 91 significantly dysregulated proteins in MCF7 cells treated with the synergistic combination of CBD with SN−38 (CSN−38), compared to the monotherapies. Regulation of telomerase, cell cycle, topoisomerase I, EGFR1, protein metabolism, TP53 regulation of DNA repair, death receptor signalling, and RHO GTPase signalling pathways contributed to the proteome-wide synergistic molecular mechanisms of CSN−38. In conclusion, we identified significant synergistic interactions between CBD and the five important chemotherapeutic drugs and the key molecular pathways of CBD and its synergistic combination with SN−38 in MCF7 cells. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the implementation of CBD-based synergistic adjuvant therapies for breast cancer.     

关于科研开发效率的思考

作者从认识论和方法论的角度出发，对提高科研开发效率提出如下看法：１．当代的经济竞争，实质是科技产业化能力的竞争。２．研究开发应是从投入到产出的完整系统。３．产业部门的研究开发要面向市场。４．只有充分利用专利保护，才能在国际竞争中赢得主动。５．要保持竞争优势，须把信息工作提到新水平。     

小胶质细胞对阿尔兹海默病发生发展的影响作用

阿尔兹海默病(老年性痴呆,AD)是由β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和微管相关蛋白(Tau)聚集形成的具有毒性作用的寡聚物而引起的老年人主要以记忆力下降和脑部形成老年斑、神经纤维缠绕为特征的神经退行性疾病. 小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中的固有免疫细胞,是脑内免疫监视的关键成分,发挥内源性免疫防御作用. 正常生理状态的小胶质细胞能有效吞噬和清除毒性Aβ寡聚体,阻止AD发生. 在AD病理过程中,过度激活的小胶质细胞通过补体依赖途径过度吞噬突触,导致突触丧失,同时大量释放炎症因子,促进Tau相关病理变化,对神经元造成直接损伤,导致认知功能下降. 由此可见,小胶质细胞在AD发生发展过程中起着双刃剑的作用,探明小胶质细胞的极化状态及其在AD疾病机理中的作用将为攻克AD的药物研发提供突破性思路.     

On the several molecules and nanostructures of water

This paper investigates the water molecule from a variety of viewpoints. Water can involve different isotopes of Hydrogen and Oxygen, it can form differently shaped isomer molecules, and, when frozen, it occupies space differently than most other substances do. The tool for conducting the investigation of all this is called 'Algebraic Chemistry'. This tool is a quantitative model for predicting the energy budget for all sorts of changes between different ionization states of atoms that are involved in chemical reactions and in changes of physical state. The model is based on consistent patterns seen in empirical data about ionization potentials, together with rational scaling laws that can interpolate and extrapolate for situations where no data are available. The results of the investigation of the water molecule include comments, both positive and negative, about technologies involving heavy water, poly water, Brown's gas, and cold fusion.     

DOPA Homeostasis by Dopamine: A Control-Theoretic View

Dopamine (DA) is an important signal mediator in the brain as well as in the periphery. The term “dopamine homeostasis” occasionally found in the literature refers to the fact that abnormal DA levels can be associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. An analysis of the negative feedback inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by DA indicates, with support from the experimental data, that the TH-DA negative feedback loop has developed to exhibit 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) homeostasis by using DA as a derepression regulator. DA levels generally decline when DOPA is removed, for example, by increased oxidative stress. Robust DOPA regulation by DA further implies that maximum vesicular DA levels are established, which appear necessary for a reliable translation of neural activity into a corresponding chemical transmitter signal. An uncontrolled continuous rise (windup) in DA occurs when Levodopa treatment exceeds a critical dose. Increased oxidative stress leads to the successive breakdown of DOPA homeostasis and to a corresponding reduction in DA levels. To keep DOPA regulation robust, the vesicular DA loading requires close to zero-order kinetics combined with a sufficiently high compensatory flux provided by TH. The protection of DOPA and DA due to a channeling complex is discussed.     

正反向同时引发ATRP制备凹凸棒土/聚苯乙烯杂化粒子

通过脱醇法在凹凸棒土（ATP）表面接枝γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）实现氨基化（ATP-APTES）,再经酰胺化反应接枝α-溴代异丁酰溴,从而在ATP表面固载ATRP引发基团（ATP-Br）;最后以2,2-偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）和ATP-Br为双组分引发体系进行正反向同时引发原子转移自由基聚合（SR&NI ATRP）制备ATP接枝聚苯乙烯杂化粒子（ATP@PS）。结果表明AIBN结合ATP-Br引发体系进行SR&NI ATRP具有活性/可控聚合的特征,随催化剂用量增大,体系过早偏离一级动力学行为。聚合温度在80℃,投料比为单体/催化剂/AIBN/ATP-Br=200/0.3/0.05/0.5的条件下,接枝聚合物和游离聚合物分子量差异随转化率（c）增大逐渐增加,转化率为31.1%时,两者分子量分布（PDI）均保持在1.54以下,ATP-Br表面ATRP引发基团的引发效率为6.3%。杂化粒子在PS基体中分散得到明显改善。