带中心管和多级切向进风的燃煤涡旋燃烧炉

对具有中心管多级发向进展结构的新型燃煤涡旋燃烧炉的冷态流动与混合特性及煤燃烧特性分别进行了冷，热态实验或数值模拟，冷态实验给出包括中心管在内的整个炉内流场的速度分布。冷态实验和数值模拟还给出分级喷入的二次风在炉内的混合特性，热态实验证实涡旋燃烧炉在较大的热负荷变化范围均具有较高煤粉燃烧效率，ＮＯＸ排放量可控制在一定范围以内，炉内的温度水平可保证固态排渣的实现。     

切向燃烧锅炉炉膛内流场的模拟

针对传统的角置切向燃烧与新型研究开发的墙置切燃烧锅炉分别进行了冷态试验模拟和冷态数值模拟。在试验研究的基础上，利用数值模拟的结果来修正和补充试验结果。从而获得了新型的墙置切向燃烧炉内窒动力场的特点，并且与传统的角置切向燃烧锅炉进行了比较。     

600MW锅炉炉内流动与燃烧过程的数值模拟

应用Euleriam/Lagrangian方法对四角切向燃烧炉内的流动、传热和燃烧过程者了数值模拟研究。为了获得较好的精确度,以实验数据为参照,进行了ＲＮＧ k－ε模型和 k－ε模型的比较,并采用新的方法对粒子紊流扩散进行了处理。最后,还对温度偏差进行了研究。     

旋流煤粉多相流动与燃烧一维数学模型及应用

为了发展和有效地进行旋流煤粉多相流动与燃烧数值模拟,作者在多连续介质模型的框架中建立了综合考虑气-固两相旋流流动,燃烧与传热的旋流煤粉燃烧一维数学模型。应用这一模型对涡旋燃烧炉环形通道内煤粉燃烧和气体燃烧的数值计算表明,该模型可快速有效地用于模拟旋流煤粉多相流动与燃烧过程,给出炉内温度、速度与浓度分布以及燃烧效率等主要参数。     

切圆燃烧反切风风量与位置对炉内流场的影响

本文采用数值分析技术对大容量切圆燃烧锅炉改变燃烧器二次风反切风量以及反切风位置时的炉内流场特性进行了全三维模拟和研究，研究结果表明在燃烧器上部二次风采用反切布置的情况下．无量纲数XJ在1左右时炉膛出口残余旋转较小，炉内气流湍动混合较好，炉内气流运动稳定；研究亦表明反切风位置对炉内流场影响较大。同时，对7个电厂13台大型锅炉进行了改造效果统计，验证了数值分析的结论。     

旋涡式低温煤粉燃烧器的实验及其数值研究

基于空气分级燃烧降低氮氧化物的原理和流场组织,设计了一种低NOx型低温旋涡煤粉燃烧器,采用实验和数值方法对其流场特性进行了研究。结果表明,在燃烧器下部存在强烈的旋流区,能够形成空气分级所要求的还原区和燃尽区,一、二次风的进风位置和进风方式对流场的组织存在优化的配比选择;基于RNG k-ε模型的燃烧器内两相流运动的数值模拟再现了流场的实验结果,反映了不同尺寸颗粒在分区气流场内的运动规律。     

同心反切圆燃烧技术试验研究和数值模拟

根据纯几何相似模化理论对某300MW引进燃烧技术,锅炉按1：13．9比例小建立模型试验台。通过对不同二次风反切角度、反切层数及其组合反切方式下的炉膛、烟道中的气流、颗粒流动特性进行了试验研究和数值模拟,得到了不同二次风反切方式下炉内气流、颗粒运动规律,并提出燃烧器上半部分二次风递增反切的设计概念。     

切圆锅炉上半二次风递增反切分隔屏偏置技术研究

某３００ＭＷ逆时针切向布置燃烧器锅炉在不同二次风反切方式下分隔屏向左偏置一定角度时,炉膛、烟道气流流动特性模型试验和数值模拟的研究结果表明,燃烧器上半部分二次风递增反切分隔屏偏置一定角度的燃烧技术能显著改善烟道偏流现象,可防止过大热偏差引起的高温对流受热面超温、爆管,同时能降低炉内燃烧器区域结渣程度、减少ＮＯＸ生成,且改造方便、效果明显。     

Numerical investigations on unsteady flow of a scroll expander for compressed air energy storage

本工作以适应用于微型压缩空气储能（micro-CAES）系统的涡旋膨胀机为研究对象,采用计算流体力学（CFD）的方法对涡旋膨胀机工作过程进行非定常数值模拟,得到膨胀机内部温度场、压力场和速度场的分布,研究了吸气温度对涡旋膨胀机性能的影响规律及工作腔流场分布特点,结果显示：膨胀机吸气温度的升高,能够增加单位质量流量的输出功;随着吸气温度的下降,动涡旋盘所受轴向气体力增大,径、切向气体力减小;膨胀机工作过程中工作腔内的温度分布并不是沿涡旋盘半径方向逐渐下降,两侧背压腔存在较大的机械能损耗,背压腔温度会高于上游排气腔。该研究结果为涡旋膨胀机排气结构的设计提供了理论依据。     

同心反切燃烧器系统炉内多相流动特性试验及数值模拟

同心反切燃烧系统已在多台１２５ＭＷ和３００ＭＷ机组锅炉上应用，并取得了较好的稳燃和防结渣效果。本文在冷炉及大型冷模试验台上对同心反切燃烧系统进行了试验，并用投影法对炉内空气动力场进行了数值模拟，得出了在不同二次风反切角度时，炉内速度场、实际切圆直径变化、炉膛出口速度均匀性等结果。这些结果对同心反切系统的设计、运行调整具有参考价值。     

Experimental flow field characteristics of OFA for large-angle counter flow of fuel-rich jet combustion technology

In this paper, the flow field characteristics of over fired air (OFA) for novel low NO_x pulverized coal combustion technology are studied. The research was conducted with a 300 MWe tangential firing boiler that was adapted for this technology, and a three-dimensional particle-dynamics anemometer (PDA) was employed on the model to measure the characteristics of gas flow in the burnout area and gas/particle flows under the front panel superheater. The impact of a positive offset at 15°, counter offset at 15° and design case without an offset the OFA relative to the direction of the secondary air jet in the main combustion were considered. With different OFA offsets, the deflection characteristics, the velocity and root mean square (RMS) fluctuation velocity of OFA jet are obtained, as well as the gas/particle flows characteristics under the front panel superheater. The results show that, with a positive offset, an over-large tangential circle is formed, which produces slagging and temp-bias under the panel superheater. However, with a counter offset, the OFA is sent into the center of the chamber, and the particle is forced to the water wall. Compared with the other two conditions and combined with the counterflow of primary air, OFA without an offset for the jet contains a proper tangential circle, strong inflexibility and turbulence, which prevents slagging and burn out.     

Experimental investigation of combustion characteristics in a multi-staging vortex combustor firing rice husk

The paper described the combustion characteristics in a multi-staging vortex combustor by using rice husk as fuel. Effects of the operating conditions namely: equivalence ratio (Φ = 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2) and secondary air ratio (λ = 0.0, 0.15 and 0.25) on combustion characteristics (temperature distribution, fly ash and gas emission) were experimentally studied. In the experiments, the conventional vortex combustor consisted of two straight concentric cylindrical pipes, combustion chamber (outer chamber) and exhaust pipe (inner chamber). The variable size of middle section of the combustor was designed to be adjustable from 1.0D (conventional vortex combustor), to 0.75D and 0.5D as desired. The changes of the middle chamber size lead to multi-staging vortex inside the combustor. In the experiments, the rice husk was fed into the combustor at constant mass flow rate of 0.3 kg/min. Test results revealed that the mean temperature distribution for the multi-staging vortex combustor with middle chamber size of 0.5D was higher than those of 0.75D and 1.0D. The experimental results showed the maximum temperature of about 1176 °C in the vortex chamber with the middle chamber of 0.5D at equivalence ratio, Φ = 0.8 and no secondary air injection, λ = 0.0. Measurements of gas emissions from cyclone collector consisted of O₂ = 2.5%, CO₂ = 17.3%, and CO = 270 ppm, respectively.     

旋风炉内气相燃烧及两相流动的数值模拟

在有反应两相流动及煤粉燃烧的全双流体模型（ＰＴＦ模型,ｐｕｒｅ ｔｗｏ－ｆｌｕｉｄ ｍｏｄｅｌ）基础上,采用修正的ｋ－ε－ｋｐ两相湍流模型,对旋风炉内的湍流气相燃烧（甲烷和一氧化碳的燃烧）及在气相燃烧条件下的两相流动进行了数值模拟研究,模拟结果表明,在有燃烧的情况下,在旋风炉的底部存在近壁回流区,该回流区有利于火焰稳定,气粒两相切向速度分布具有类似的Ｒａｎｋｉｎｅ涡结构,该研究为煤粉燃烧的数值模拟     

Influence of inlet flow conditions on the performance of a swirl‐stabilized combustor burning liquid fuel spray

A numerical model of liquid fuel spray combustion is developed to study the effects of inlet flow conditions of primary and dilution air on the performance of a swirl‐stabilized axi‐symmetric combustor. The model is based on two‐phase stochastic separated flow approach. A standard k–ϵ model with logarithmic law of the wall for the near‐wall region is adopted for the solution of the gas phase turbulence. The chemical reaction is taken as a single step, irreversible, global one with the rate determined by the kinetically and diffusionally controlled rates. The liquid spray is divided into a finite number of droplet classes with the size distribution following a probability function. It has been observed that an improved pattern factor and better combustion efficiency can be obtained when both the primary and the dilution air streams enter the combustor with swirl, but in the counter‐rotating directions. However, the combustor pressure loss factor increases for the counter‐rotating flow entries of the primary and the dilution air compared to the co‐rotating air entries or to the swirled primary and non‐swirled dilution air entries. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PDA research on a novel pulverized coal combustion technology for a large utility boiler

In this paper, a new technology for a tangential firing pulverized coal boiler, high efficiency and low NO_x combustion technology with multiple air-staged and a large-angle counter flow fuel-rich jet (ACCT for short) is proposed. To verify the characteristics of this technology, experiments of two combustion technologies, ACCT and CFS-1 (Concentric Firing System-1), are carried out under a cold model of a 1025 t/h tangential firing boiler with a PDA (particle dynamics anemometer). The distributions of velocity, particle concentration, particle diameters and the particle volume flux of primary air and secondary air are obtained. The results show that the fuel-rich primary air of ACCT can go deeper into the furnace and mix with the main flow better, which means that the counter flow of fuel-rich jets in ACCT can realize stable combustion, low NO_x emission and slagging prevention.     

低排放燃烧室空气雾化喷嘴射流破碎特性研究

针对当前广泛应用于低排放燃气轮机燃烧室中的空气雾化喷嘴,采用大涡模拟（Large Eddy Simulation,LES）和流体体积法（Volume of Fluid,VOF）研究了其在流动模糊（Flow Blurring,FB）和流动聚焦（Flow Focusing,FF）模式下射流一次破碎过程的差异。结果表明：两种模式的射流一次破碎过程均可分为3个阶段,气液交界面波动阶段、射流发展阶段和射流破碎阶段;喷嘴内部回流区的演变决定了气液交界面的波动程度,流动模糊模式下射流在后两个阶段的径向速度和形态变化程度均远高于流动聚焦模式,气泡回流过程在其射流破碎阶段占据主导地位,液体管道内气泡分布位置与涡的强度呈正相关。     

Emission characteristics of biomass combustion under oxyfuel conditions

The purpose of this paper was to study the emission of three important pollutants (NO, SO₂, and H₂S) during the combustion process. The process was carried out in a counterflow fixed bed system, which consisted of a feeding system, a filtering system, a thermocouple, a fixed counter flow bed and an air compressor. Results were showed that the increased oxygen ratio leads to NO and H₂S decrease and an increase in reaction heat and CO₂ declines. As a result, the particle size is not much effective in CE because particle size change does not change gas composition. Particle size is effective in combustor hydrodynamics because the change in particle size is responsible for the change in combustor size and length.     

Combustion behavior in a dual-staging vortex rice husk combustor with snail entry

The combustion characteristics of rice husk fuel in a dual-staging vortex-combustor (DSVC) are experimentally investigated. In the present work, the vortex flow is created by using a snail entrance mounted at the bottom of the combustor. The temperature distributions at selected locations inside the combustor, the flue gas emissions (CO, CO₂, O₂, NO_x), and the combustion/thermal efficiency are monitored. Measurements are made at a constant rice husk feed rate of 0.25 kg/min with various excess airs (37%, 56%, 74% and 92%) and different secondary air injection fractions (λ = 0.0, 0.15 and 0.2), respectively. The combustion chamber is 1800 mm high and 300 mm in diameter (D) with a centered exhausted pipe while the middle chamber of the combustor is set to 0.5D. The smaller section at the middle chamber is introduced to split the chamber to be dual-staging chamber where a large central toroidal recirculation zone induced by swirl flow through the small section is generated in the top chamber. The experimental results reveal that the highest temperature inside the combustor is about 1000 °C whereas both the thermal and the combustion efficiency are 41.6% and 99.8% for 74% excess air without the secondary air injection (λ = 0.0). In addition, the emissions are CO₂ = 8.1%, O₂ = 9.3%, CO = 352 ppm, NO_x = 294 ppm and small amount of fly ash. Therefore, the DSVC shows an excellent performance, low emissions, high stabilization and ease of operation in firing the rice husk.     

Flow field measurements in the cavity of a trapped vortex combustor using PIV

The experimental research on cavity flow field plays an important part in the structural design and optimization study of trapped vortex combustor (TVC). Many of the previous flow field experiments were conducted in the cold condition instead of during combustion. This paper adopting PIV system and Lambda-2 vortex criterion in-vestigates the influence of various factors, such as equivalent ratio in the cavity, air intake parameter in the cavity, mainstream air intake parameter and mainstream holder structure, on cavity flow field for a TVC using methane as the fuel. The experimental research showed that cold-condition flow field differed from the combustion flow field, in terms of either vortex core position or vortex structure. Mainstream air intake velocity and cavity air intake velocity affected the flow field structure. U-type and V-type mainstream holders had significant influence on cavity flow field.     

带钝体的旋流燃烧器出口气相流场数值模拟

应用重整化群k-ε模型和雷诺应力模型,在弱旋和强旋两种状态下,对带钝体的旋流燃烧器进行了冷态气相数值计算,弱旋流动以重整化群k-ε模型计算结果为参考,强旋流动以雷诺应力模型计算结果为参考,对比了燃烧器出口轴向平均速度和切向平均速度变化.模拟结果可以为燃烧器的设计和运行提供依据.