用偏钛酸作原料制备纳米TiO2粉末以及颗粒相结构与光催化性能关系的研究

米用常温氨水水解TiOSO4过程中加入自制的表面活性剂制备了超细纳米TiO2粉末,用XRD,TEM和比表面仪对不同煅烧温度下的纳米TiO2粉末结构、粒径大小和比表面等进行了表征,研究了纳米TiO2粉末对甲基橙的光催化降解能力。研究表明煅烧温度在400℃～800℃时得到的纳米TiO2粉末呈锐钛矿结构,粒径约为5．5nm～9．6nm,比表面积高达189．45m^2/g;在850℃煅烧后所得的纳米TiO2粉末为锐钛矿与金红石型混晶结构;在l100℃时得到的纳米TiO2粉末为金红石型纳米TiO2粉末,同时微粒出现团聚且粒径变大。光催化实验表明：纳米TiO2粉末的光催化活性与煅烧温度密切相关,850℃煅烧1．5h所制得的混晶结构纳米TiO2粉末表现出较高的光催化活性。与国产商品纳米锐钛矿型TiO2相比,其降解甲基橙的速率约为国产商品纳米TiO2的1倍。     

单分散纳米TiO2光催化剂的水解-溶胶制备法

以Ti(SO4)2为原料，在一定温度下直接水解、胶溶、加入晶种、熟化，制备出单分散性、热稳定性良好、平均粒径在22nm左右、比表面积在80m^2／g以上的TiO2纳米微粒。研究了Ti(SO4)2浓度、水解时间及晶种对纳米微粒粒径的影响。对样品进行了TG-DTA，XRD和SEM分析。结果表明：样品经真空冷冻干燥后，TiO2粉体主要为锐钛矿型，且随焙烧时间增加和温度升高，其金红石型含量显著增多，粉体粒径也有一定增大，但在不同的温度区间粒径增长速率有较大的区别。     

热氧化制备TiO2纳米薄膜电极及其光电化学性质研究

利用管式炉热氧化金属钛片法方便的制备了金红石型TiO2纳米薄膜，并用纳米Au粒子对薄膜电极进行修饰。结果表明，在650℃热氧化30min形成的TiO2薄膜具有最好的光电化学性质，在此条件下形成的薄膜厚度约为2μm，薄膜表面被尺寸大小不等的纳米TiO2棒所覆盖，长为100～600nm，直径为90～100nm。TEM观测结果表明，纳米Au粒子的尺寸为30～50nm，当薄膜电极表面吸附0．37μg/cm^2的纳米Au粒子时光电流可提高约1．4倍。     

粒子型TiO_2溶胶和薄膜的制备与性能

利用纳米TiO2粉体制备粒子型TiO2纳米溶胶,并采用浸渍提拉法在普通玻璃表面制备TiO2纳米薄膜。研究粒子型溶胶的胶体特性以及薄膜的表观形貌、透光性、亲水性和光催化性能。结果表明:粒子型TiO2纳米溶胶的常温晶相为锐钛矿相,500℃以后逐步向金红石相转变;TiO2纳米薄膜具有良好的可见光透过性,强的紫外吸收能力,从而具有很好的紫外光光催化性能,同时还具有一定的可见光响应和亲水性能。     

TiO2薄膜电极的制备及光电催化性能

为了得到光电化学性能稳定、光催化活性好、制备方法简便的TiO2光电极,采用涂覆法制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光电极.XRD,SEM结果表明电极上涂覆的TiO2的晶型为锐钛型,纳米TiO2在电极表面分布均匀,薄膜厚度在10μm左右,且电极表面有一定的粗糙度.交流阻抗图谱分析显示TiO2电极在光照下能进行光电化学反应.应用于20mg/L苯酚溶液的降解中,结果表明,该电极光电催化降解性能优于光催化降解性能,电场在降解过程中发挥了作用;对照态光氧化过程基本无化学反应发生;暗态下电极上也无吸附现象;反应后电极无剥落损伤.     

热处理温度对TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜光生阴极保护性能的影响

在0.5 mol/L NH4HF2与1.0 mol/L NH4H2PO4的混合溶液中,利用阳极氧化的方法在钛基体上原位合成自组装有序的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜材料,研究不同热处理温度对薄膜晶型及光生阴极保护能力的影响.结果表明:在外加电压为20 V时,对钛基体氧化8 h可得到长度为2 μm、内径为80 nm、外径为100 nm的TiO2纳米管阵列;经600 ℃热处理后,TiO2纳米管阵列具有稳定的管状结构,薄膜电极电位可负移至?0.389 V(vs SCE),表现出较佳的光生阴极保护能力.     

高活性TiO_2薄膜电极的制备及其光电化学性能

以Ti(n-OC4H9)4和CH3COOK为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在导电玻璃基底上制备K2Ti2O5薄膜,进一步以K2Ti2O5薄膜为前躯体,用离子交换法获得TiO2纳米薄膜电极。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析薄膜的组成和表面特征;以草酸为有机污染物代表,通过光电化学技术考察薄膜的光电化学活性。结果表明:TiO2纳米薄膜具有锐钛矿晶型,其粒径随着K2Ti2O5薄膜制备温度的降低而减小,约为30～150nm;TiO2纳米薄膜在0.1mol/LNa2SO4溶液中具有典型的光电化学活性以及较高的稳定性,比在含少量草酸的溶液中采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2薄膜具有更强的光激发和更稳定的光电流响应性能,TiO2薄膜电极的平带电位发生负移,负移值为0.140V(vsSCE),饱和光电流密度为0.32mA/cm2。     

TiO2纳米管光电极的制备及其光电催化性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在Ti箔上原位生成了TiO2纳米管光电极,并利用SEM和XRD对样品的表观形貌和晶相结构进行了表征。结果表明:TiO2纳米管管口均匀,管径为90~100 nm,且具有单一的锐钛矿晶相。此外,重点考察了初始pH值和外加偏压对TiO2纳米管光电极光电流响应及光电催化活性的影响。结果表明:当溶液pH为7.5、外加偏压为2.0V时,光电流响应最强,为10.4 mA·cm-2。350 W氙灯下光照60 min对罗丹明B的光电催化降解效率可达82.6%。     

X-TiO2(X=Ce,Bi)粉体的光电催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米X- TiO2(X=Ce,Bi)粉体,并用XRD、UV-Vis DRS对其进行表征,以500W氙灯模拟太阳光,考察改性TiO2粉体的可见光催化活性.采用涂覆法制备出改性TiO2电极,以300W高压汞灯为侧光源,考察了电极的光电催化性能.实验结果表明:改性TiO2粉体均为锐钛矿型晶相,Ce和Bi的加入不同程度地提高了TiO2在可见光区的吸光强度,Bi和Ce最佳摩尔掺杂量均为0.04％.3种电极光电催化性能先后排序为:TiO2电极＜0.04％Bi-TiO2电极＜0.04％Ce-TiO2电极,循环伏安曲线分析表明,金属离子的掺杂提高了TiO2电极的电催化活性,且Ce的掺杂对电极电催化活性的影响大于Bi.HPLC分析表明,金属离子掺杂使得苯环开环加速,促进了苯酚的氧化过程.     

Synthesis and Optical Absorpition Properies of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles via a Hydrothermal Hydrolysis Method

以硫酸钛为钛源,浓氨水为沉淀剂,通过水热水解法在240 ℃,48 h,pH=9时合成了粒径约为20 nm的锐钛矿TiO2纳米颗粒。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、热场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热场发射透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外可见分光光度计（UV-VIS）对试样进行分析。结果表明：硫酸钛溶液水热水解法不加入浓氨水时,随着水解时间的延长,虽然获得的锐钛矿型TiO2颗粒的粒径已达到了纳米级,但是其粒径的变化不明显;硫酸钛溶液水热水解法时加入浓氨水,合成锐钛矿型TiO2颗粒的粒径明显变小,但是,随着pH值的增加,合成锐钛矿型TiO2颗粒的粒径变化不明显。对不同条件下水热水解法合成的TiO2进行UV-VIS分析可得,TiO2颗粒粒径的变小有利于TiO2吸收峰的蓝移。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.