某报告厅利用自然冷源被动通风降温的理论计算与模拟分析

该文拟利用被动复合式下向通风降温技术在过渡季节对武汉某高校报告厅室内热环境进行研究,首先根据武汉市气候条件确定过渡季节该报告厅的室内外设计参数,然后通过理论计算确定报告厅采用该技术通风降温的可行性,最后利用计算流体力学（CFD）软件Airpak对过渡季节室内气流组织进行模拟和分析,验证该设计方案的通风效果。由于报告厅进深较大,为了保证其室内温度和风速分布均匀,该文分别对单向和双向两种送排风方案进行了比较研究,结果证明该系统能够替代常规空调解决武汉地区过渡季节利用自然冷源对报告厅的通风降温,不仅节约了能源,还改善了室内空气品质。     

如何确定发电机房通风降温时的室外计算温度

按一般设计理念,关于室外计算温度的确定原则,如进行空调设计时,采用空气调节室外计算干球温度;如进行通风设计时,采用通风室外计算温度;如进行采暖设计时,采用采暖室外计算温度.不同目的设计形式,采用不同的室外计算参数.但是,对于常年全负荷运行的发电设备而言,如果机房内是采用通风换气降温时,不能错误的采用夏季室外通风计算温度...     

太阳能强化烟囱技术在通风采光装置中的应用研究

通过对室外的通风采光装置的通风管改造成透明玻璃管,形成集热器式太阳能烟囱,测试了烟囱的通风速率和温度变化情况,根据其工作原理计算了从9:00-17:00时之间的室内外空气压力差,证实了太阳能烟囱可以提高室内外的通风速度。     

对冬季通风室外计算参数统计方法的讨论

本文以原始气象数据为基础,首先对《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》(GBJ 19-87)室外空气计算参数中冬季通风室外计算温度的统计方法进行了讨论研究,对可能存在的3种不同方法进行了数据对比。而后以《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》(GBJ 19-87)的计算参数为原型进行了验算,最终确定了"累年最冷月"的统计方法。     

地铁通风空调系统的设计特点

介绍了现行国家标准对地铁通风空调系统的要求.对地铁空调系统室内外空气计算参数的确定、冷负荷构成、冷负荷指标的选取、冷负荷计算方法及通风空调系统的构成进行了探讨.     

乌东德水电站通风空调设计分析

介绍了该水电站的工程概况和通风空调系统设计特点。空调设计中,在确定室外空气计算参数时对乌东德气象参数进行了修正;根据水电站所处地形,提高了水电站取风点高程,从而减少了新风负荷;对厂房内气流组织进行了分析,水电站选择全面通风(未经降温除湿处理)与局部区域现地降温冷却相结合的方式,以满足厂内降温和通风换气要求。     

基于气候适应性分析的自然通风设计室外计算参数确定方法研究

自然通风作为一种被动式降温技术已得到广泛应用。而要实现良好的自然通风效果就离不开对应的室外计算参数。我国各地气候差异大,人群的热适应性差异也很明显,因此需要提出满足各地自然通风适用性实际情况的自然通风设计室外计算参数。本研究以自然通风中直接作用的舒适通风为例,选用48 a实测气象数据,提出了基于APMV模型、平衡点温度法及风速补偿模型的舒适通风适用期室外判定温度计算模型,并结合此模型提出了基于累计频次分布图的舒适通风适用期确定方法,得到5个典型城市的舒适通风设计室外计算参数。该研究考虑了我国人群的实际热适应水平及建筑热工设计体系发展对计算参数的需求,为建立我国建筑节能基础数据体系提供支撑。     

关中地区过渡季节教室夜间通风实验分析研究

对过渡季节关中地区教室利用夜间通风作用改善室内热环境进行了试验研究,实验期间连续测试了室内外空气温湿度、壁面温度、室内风速,分析测试结果发现两种工况下室内平均温度差值为0.3℃,壁面温度差值范围为0℃~2.7℃。同时根据Fanger的热舒适理论方法,计算得到夜间通风作用下两个教室的PMVPPD值,得知夜间通风教室的热舒适性要高于未通风的教室,夜间通风在关中地区过渡季节具有一定的使用性,但是受室外温湿度及建筑墙体蓄冷能力影响,夜间通风作用强度和时间具有局限性。     

西部地域办公建筑自然通风潜力分析研究

基于有效压差法对西部地域典型的办公建筑进行自然通风潜力计算分析,选择有效的典型年气象数据,选取5-9月份为自然通风的降温时间段,利用热中性温度线性公式对原室内外温差计算方法进行修正.采用有效压差理论计算了西部各地区典型办公建筑的自然通风有效压差帕时数,并以此为评判指标对各地区的通风潜力进行分析,结果表明西部地域各地区通风潜力分布具有差异性,严寒地区通风降温潜力值最大,寒冷地区通风降温潜力总体较为客观,夏热冬冷地区具有一定的通风潜力,但需要分时段进行通风降温才能取得效果.     

昆明地区某泵房复合通风设计

昆明地区夏季通风室外计算温度较低，具备较好的自然通风条件，半地下泵房采用自然通风能满足全年绝大多数时间的散热要求。半地下泵房引水泵站连续运行时间长、供水安全性要求高，为满足极端室外空气温度条件下的泵房散热要求，应同时设计机械通风系统。自然通风与机械通风相结合的复合通风系统具有运行管理简单、保证率高、运行能耗低等优点。     

浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

在市场中实践在实践中学习在学习中进步--工程公司市场化进程的回顾与展望

近两年来，工程公司在提高市场竞争意识、推动市场化进程中做了大量工作，其中坚持走出去的方针是我们自我加压、推行加快市场化步伐的一个重要战略步骤。     

新时期广东城市化的新特点

新时期广东城市化出现以下特点:知识源导向、城市由单体向群体化发展、产业集群推动、政府主导自上而下的集约化发展、城镇化向城市化转变、由重“数量”发展向重“质量”发展的转变。     

2005年北京办公物业市场七大趋势

趋势一:CBD区域写字楼集中放量从各区域规划方案上看,CBD区域多数项目在03～04年处于项目的报批手续及拆阶段,预计2005年正式推向市场,因此2005年CBD区域将成为北京市场供应集中的域,区域即将供应的项目有北京财富中心(二期)、金地国际花园、万达广场、SOHO尚都、万通中心、世纪财富中心、怡禾国际中心、光华国际等。除去未知项目,2005CBD写字楼办公面积的供应量为60万平方米左右。中关村区域经过一段时间的集中供后开始逐步放缓,2005年供应的体量相对较大的项目有中关村金融中心、新中关。金街区域可能开盘的项目只有2个:英蓝国际中…     

Developments in immersed tunnelling in Holland

Holland has 22 immersed tunnels (14 road, 5 rail and 3 utilities tunnels). Another three are under construction, and more are foreseen. The tunnels are of the concrete type, i.e., constructed without a steel shell. The paper describes developments in technology and in design philosophy since the first immersed tunnel was completed 52 years ago. These developments include, amongst others: the introduction of the Gina rubber gasket between elements; the division of elements into sections divided by flexible joints; the application (if possible) of longer elements (up to 268 m); the use of precast sections for tunnels that have a small cross-section; the omission of the watertight lining (made possible by cooling the concrete of the walls during the first days after pouring); various foundation methods (e.g., sand flow instead of sand jet system; piled foundations when necessary); the use of the excavation for the open ramps (or the part of the tunnel built on land) as a casting basin for the elements; the changed approach to casting basins now that well pumping is usually forbidden; and the transport of the elements across shallow locations and across the sea. It is emphasized that the current state of immersed tunnel technology is the result of a continuous international exchange of ideas and experiences.     

新形势下高校强化基建财务管理的探讨

在市场条件下高校基建财务人员在加强日常财务管理的同时,必须树立起高度的工作责任心,抓好事前监督、事中监督、事后监督三个环节,全面理解、贯彻执行《高等学校财务制度》,管好用好各项基本建设资金,提高基建财务管理水平,更好地完成高校各项基建任务,以有限的投资,最快的建设速度,获得最大的投资效益。