氧化钠对CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2三元系铝酸钙形成规律的影响(英文)

利用XRD、SEMEDS和DSCTG技术研究了添加Na2O的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2体系中铝酸钙的形成规律。结果表明,当Al2O3与SiO2的质量比为3.0、CaO与Al2O3的摩尔比为1.0时,在1350°C烧结后的熟料主要由12CaO·7Al2O3、2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2和2CaO·SiO2组成。熟料中12CaO·7Al2O3的含量随着Na2O的增加而增加,2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2的含量随着Na2O的增加而降低。Na2O在12CaO·7Al2O3中形成固溶体,增加了其单位晶胞体积。DSC分析表明,Na2O不仅促进了12CaO·7Al2O3的形成,而且使C12A7的形成温度降低了30°C。烧结熟料中的氧化铝溶出性能随着Na2O的增加而大幅度提高。     

手工自蔓延焊接Al2O3-SiO2-CaO渣系研究

以SiO2、CaO作为造渣剂,研究其对焊渣、焊条燃烧及焊接质量的影响。结果表明,造渣剂的添加明显改善了渣液分离和焊接效果,随添加量增多,燃烧型焊条燃烧速度降低,焊渣密度发生改变但无明显变化规律,综合考虑焊接质量及操作性,SiO2和CaO的添加量分别以0.6~0.9g和0.3~0.6g为宜。手工自蔓延焊接熔渣为玻璃态和晶体共存的多元渣系,焊渣具有Al2O3、2CaO·3SiO2、CaO·Al2O3、FeO·Al2O3和金属Cu。接头断口中仍存在少量未分离的焊渣,抗拉强度达350MPa以上,满足应急抢修的力学性能需求。     

P含量对CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2体系在高温烧结过程中矿相转变的影响（英文）

采用XRF、XRD、SEM-EDS和DSC-TG等技术手段研究不同P含量下铝酸钙熟料在高温烧结过程中的矿相转变、显微组织、自粉性能及其氧化铝浸出性能。1350°C下烧结熟料主要由12CaO·7Al_2O_3、Ca O·Al_2O_3、β-2CaO·SiO_2和γ-2CaO·SiO_2等矿相组成;随着P含量的增加,β-2CaO·SiO_2含量逐渐升高,而γ-2CaO·SiO_2含量逐渐降低。熟料的自粉性能随着P含量的增加逐渐恶化。P在熟料中均匀分布,其存在抑制β-2CaO·SiO_2向γ-2CaO·SiO_2的转变。12Ca O·7Al_2O_3和CaO·Al_2O_3的晶胞体积随着P含量的增加分别降低和提高,且P能降低铝酸钙化合物的形成温度。铝酸钙熟料的氧化铝浸出率随着P含量的增加明显降低,当P含量从0提高到0.85%时,氧化铝浸出率从95.01%降低到83.84%。     

TiB2含量和烧结温度对B4C/Al2O3基复合陶瓷的影响

利用原位反应热压工艺制备了B4C/Al2O3基复合陶瓷,研究了TiB2含量和烧结温度对B4C/Al2O3基复合陶瓷力学性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明,当TiB2含量低于8.7％时,随原位反应生成的TiB2含量的增加,有效的促进了B4C/Al2O3/TiB2复合陶瓷的烧结,提高相对密度,改善了力学性能.当烧结温度低于1900℃时,其力学性能随烧结温度增加而提高;当超过1900℃时,其力学性能随烧结温度的提高而降低.在1900℃,60 min时,B4C/Al2O3/TiB2复合陶瓷获得最佳综合力学性能,其硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为24.8 GPa、4.82 MPa·m1/2和445.2 MPa.     

Na_2O掺杂铝酸钙化合物的形成机理与晶体模拟（英文）

采用分析纯试剂CaCO_3、Al_2O_3、SiO_2和Na_2CO_3合成Na_2O掺杂铝酸钙熟料,研究Na_2O掺杂对铝酸钙化合物形成机理及12CaO·7Al_2O_3(C12A7)晶体结构的影响。结果表明:当熟料中Na_2O含量低于4.26%(质量分数)时,含Na_2O物相主要为2Na_2O·3CaO·5Al_2O_3和Na_2O·Al_2O_3;其余Na_2O主要掺杂在12CaO·7Al_2O_3内,并且使其结晶度降低。2Na_2O·3CaO·5Al2O3的结晶度也随着熟料中Na_2O含量升高而降低。2Na_2O·3Ca O·5Al_2O_3和12CaO·7Al_2O_3的生成途径有两种方式:一是由初始反应物的直接反应生成,二是由反应中间产物CaO·Al_2O_3的进一步转化反应生成。晶体结构模拟结果表明,在Na_2O掺杂的12CaO·7Al_2O_3晶格内,其O—Na键的共价性弱于O—Ca键和O—Al键的共价性,使12CaO·7Al_2O_3晶胞自由能升高,化学活性提高。当熟料中Na_2O含量由0增加至4.26%时,Al_2O_3的浸出率由34.81%增大至88.17%。     

SiO2与液态Al反应生成Al2O3/Al复合材料的研究

采用SiO2粉与液态Al反应制备Al2O3／Al复合材料，讨论了SiO2的加入量、反应温度、反应时间对反应速度的影响，分析了不同反应温度和保温时间下生成复合材料的微观结构。试验证明：当SiO2含量较低时，SiO2与Al发生完全反应，形成均匀Al2O3／Al复合层；当ω(SiO2)达一定量时，反应速度反而降低；保温时间为6～8h，反应速度最快，之后变慢。     

Na2O对含MgO铝酸钙炉渣相变规律和氧化铝浸出性能的影响（英文）

采用向铝酸钙炉渣体系中添加Na2O的方法,降低或消除铝酸钙炉渣中MgO的负作用,并分析其影响机理。结果表明:当MgO含量为3%时,Na2O的添加量由0增加至4%后,炉渣的氧化铝浸出率由68.73%提高到80.86%。对含4%Na2O的样品进行XRD分析,发现四元化合物C20A13M3S3已消失。添加Na2O不能完全消除MgO对炉渣浸出性能的负作用。XRD和EDS分析结果表明,Na2O会进入12CaO·7Al2O3的晶格并促进其形成。     

Cu含量对Al2O3·SiO2sf/Al-Cu复合材料耐磨性能的影响

通过挤压铸造的方法制备出了不同Cu含量的系列Al2O3·SiO2sf/Al-Cu复合材料.摩擦磨损实验结果表明,Cu的加入降低了复合材料的摩擦系数;且随着Cu含量的增加,Al2O3·SiO2sf/Al-Cu复合材料的耐磨性能先增加后降低.在磨损过程中,Al2O3·SiO2纤维增强相牢固地镶嵌在基体里并形成支架,起到保护基体而提高复合材料耐磨性能的作用.Al2O3·SiO2sf/Al复合材料的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,Al2O3·SiO2afAl-Cu复合材料的磨损机制为黏着磨损为主并伴有磨粒磨损.     

烧结助剂Y2O3和Pr6O11对Al2O3陶瓷相对密度和热导率的影响

采用高分子网络法制备混合纳米粉体,研究稀土氧化物Y2O3和Pr6O11加入量对Al2O3陶瓷相对密度和热导率的影响。采用阿基米德方法测定样品的体积密度,利用激光脉冲法测量试样的热扩散率并计算得出热导率。结果表明:两种添加剂都可以降低Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度,提高Al2O3陶瓷的热导率,其中Y2O3的促进作用较强;当保温时间相同、烧结温度为1 500~1 650℃时,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度和热导率都随烧结温度的升高而增大;当烧结温度相同、保温时间为30~120 min时,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度和热导率也随保温时间的延长而增大。     

孔道Al2O3/SiO2对NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系储氢性能的影响

以机械球磨法制备具有可逆吸放氢性能的NaAlH4-Tm2O3储氢材料体系。利用相同制备方法进一步研究两种不同孔道材料(大孔Al2O3与介孔SiO2)对NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系储氢性能的影响,测试样品的循环吸放氢性能,并对样品吸放氢前后的结构进行表征。结果表明:大孔Al2O3材料的添加并不能明显改善NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系的放氢速率和放氢量,而介孔SiO2的加入使NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系在150℃条件下5 h内的首次放氢量(质量分数)达到4.61%,高于NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系的4.27%,增加了约8.0%。此外,添加介孔SiO2的NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系放氢速率也有所提高。     

Reaction behavior and mechanism of anatase in digestion process of diasporic bauxite

Based on the study of influence of temperature, digestion time, amount of CaO added and composition of aluminate solution on reaction behavior of pure anatase in high-pressure digestion process of bauxite, reaction mechanism of anatase was preliminarily determined. Anatase first reacts with caustic soda to produce Na2TiO3, then the resultant Na2TiO3 reacts with 3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O resulting from the reaction of CaO with sodium aluminate solution to produce CaO·2TiO2·H2O which eventually converts into CaTiO3. Higher temperature, concentration of free Na2Ok (the caustic soda uncombined with aluminate anions in the form of Na2O) and molar ratio of CaO to TiO2 are favorable to the conversion of CaO·2TiO2·H2O to CaTiO3. And Al(OH)4- shows the function of a catalyzer in the reaction of anatase with caustic soda with or without CaO added during the digestion process of diasporic bauxite.     

Al2O3包覆改善P2型Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2正极材料的存储性能

采用超声喷雾热解与高温固相烧结相结合的方法合成P2型Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂材料。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和电化学充放电设备对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行全面的表征。此外,在Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂表面包覆Al₂O₃薄层,该包覆层可以抑制Na₂CO₃·H₂O的形成,提高Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂材料的存储性能,从而改善其电化学性能。这种简单的表面改性方法为合成高性能钠离子电池正极材料提供了新思路。     

Dissolution behavior of alumina in mold fluxes for steel continuous casting

Dissolution of alumina in various mold fluxes for steel continuous casting has been investigated by employing the rotating cylinder method. The weight loss of the rod, the dipping area and the immersed time were measured to determine dissolution rate of Al₂O₃. The dissolution rate increased with temperature of molten fluxes, the rotating speed of the rod and the addition of MgO, CaF₂ and Na₂O components in the mold flux. When the Na₂O content exceeded 5%mass, the dissolution rate was found to decrease. Intermediate compounds such as CaO·6Al₂O₃, CaO·2Al₂O₃ and 2CaO·Al₂O·SiO₂ formed at the Al₂O₃/flux interface and formation of three compounds was found to play important roles in the dissolution rate. In conclusion, the dissolution of Al₂O₃ was controlled not only by the mass transfer in the molten flux also by the formation of intermediate compounds on the interface.     

Fabrication and characterization of Al2O3-metal composite coating on steel plate with nonpressure combustion synthesis

Al2O3-metal composite coatings with different reactants and diluents were fabricated on mild steel plate with nonpressure combustion synthesis process. The coat-ings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spec-trometry, respectively. Thermal shock tests were carried out to determine the bond strength of the coating with the steel substrate. The results indicate that the coating is composed of α-A1203, α-（Fe-Cr） and Al2SiO5 as the main phases. It is found that the coating with the diluents of Al2O3-SiO2 and transition layer of Al2O3-Cr presents the hi.ghest hardness of 2270 HV0.2 and the lowest porosity of 3.93 %. Owing to a metallurgical bond of the coating-to-substrate, the coating exhibits a good thermal shock resistance.     

基于磁过滤技术的热障涂层表面Al2O3 覆盖层抗CMAS腐蚀性能

为了提高热障涂层（TBC）的抗沉积物（主要成分为CaO、MgO、Al₂O₃和SiO₂,简称CMAS）腐蚀性能,采用磁过滤阴极真空电弧（FCVA）技术在TBC表面上制备了致密的Al₂O₃覆盖层,比较和分析了Al₂O₃改性TBC和沉积态TBC的润湿行为和抗CMAS腐蚀性能。结果表明：使用FCVA技术制备Al₂O₃覆盖层的过程对7%（质量分数）氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（7YSZ）相的结构无明显影响,且经Al₂O₃改性的TBC综合性能均优于沉积态TBC。在1250 ℃、CMAS腐蚀条件下,Al₂O₃覆盖层有效地限制了熔融CMAS在TBC表面上的扩散行为。同时,Al₂O₃填充了7YSZ柱状晶之间的间隔并且阻碍了熔融CMAS的渗透,证明了FCVA可作为一种制备Al₂O₃涂层的新方法以提高TBC的抗CMAS腐蚀性能,且Al₂O₃涂层及其制备过程对TBC的热震性能均无消极影响。     

High-temperature glassy-ceramic sealants SiO2—Al2O3—BaO—MgO and SiO2—Al2O3—ZrO2—CaO—Na2O for solid oxide electrochemical devices

Glasses of the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–BaO–MgO and SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–CaO–Na₂O systems were synthesized in the perspective to apply them as sealants in SOFC at operating temperatures of 700–900 °C. Thermal properties of the chosen glass compositions and their compatibility with the SOFC materials (YSZ-electrolyte and alloy-interconnector Crofer22APU, 15×25T) were investigated by means of synchronic thermal analysis and high-temperature dilatometry. The elemental analysis was performed by atomic emission spectroscopy. The average values of the temperature coefficients of the linear extension are 10.0×10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹ for glass 45%SiO₂– 15%Al₂O₃–25%BaO–15%MgO and 9.5×10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹ for glass 60%SiO₂–10%Al₂O₃–10%ZrO₂–5%CaO–15%Na₂O. The gluing microstructure in YSZ/glass/Crofer22APU was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization process of silicate phases was revealed to occur in the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–BaO–MgO glass. The analysis of the crystallization products was performed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Glassy ceramics was proved to possess better parameters in comparison with amorphous glass to be used as a sealant in electrochemical sensors and oxygen sensors. The SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–CaO–Na₂O low-temperature amorphous glass can be applied in SOFC.     

BN/Al2O3 复合粉末及其聚合物基复合材料的制备与导热性能

采用固-液相共混法制备了多种BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,通过冻融法和表面修饰法对BN进行了改性处理,改变表面修饰剂类型和摩尔比得到了前驱体和烧结态BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,并利用机械混合法制备了聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料,并测试分析了其导热性能。结果表明,经冻融处理的BN分散性和界面相容性明显优于未经冻融处理的BN。多巴胺对BN的改性效果优于聚乙二醇。采用多巴胺作为表面修饰剂且BN与Al(NO₃)₃的摩尔比为1:1时,能够得到纳米Al₂O₃均匀包覆的微米BN粉末,即BN/Al₂O₃微纳复合粉末,其聚合物基复合材料的导热系数可达0.62 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯聚合物导热系数的3倍,是采用纯微米BN粉末制备的聚合物基复合材料导热系数的1.5倍。在BN表面附着的Al₂O₃可以形成层状热传导通道,能够有效提高聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料的热导率。     

Hydrothermal conversion of Ti-containing minerals in system of Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>O–Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>–SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>–CaO–TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>–H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O

Titanium has a great effect on the digestion of bauxite in the Bayer process because it reacts readily at high temperatures in alkaline sodium aluminate solution. Under this consideration, the hydrothermal conversion of Ti-containing minerals in the system of Na₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO–TiO₂–H₂O with increased temperatures was studied based on the thermodynamic analysis and systematic experiments. The results show that anatase converts to Al₄Ti₂SiO₁₂ at low temperatures (60–120 °C), which is similar to anatase in crystal structure. As the temperature continues to rise, Al₄Ti₂SiO₁₂ decomposes gradually and converts to Ca₃TiSi₂(Al₂Si_0.5Ti_0.5)O₁₄ at 200 °C. When the temperature reaches 260 °C, CaTiO₃ forms as the most stable titanate species for its hexagonal closest packing with O^2? and Ca²⁺. The findings enhance the understanding of titanate scaling in the Bayer process and clarify the mechanism of how additive lime improves the digestion of diaspore.     

Preparation and formation mechanism of Al2O3 nanoparticles by reverse microemulsion

Al2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether（Triton X-100）/n-butyl alcohol/cyclohexane/ water W/O reverse microemulsion. The proper calcination temperature was determined at 1 150 ℃ by thermal analysis of the precursor products. The structures and morphologies of Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectra. The influences of mole ratio of water to surfactant on the morphologies and the sizes of the Al2O3 nanoparticles were studied. With the increase of surfactant content, the particles size becomes larger. The agglomeration of nanoparticles was solved successfully. And the formation mechanisms of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the reverse microemulsion were also discussed.     

Energy and Resource Saving of Steelmaking Process: Utilization of Innovative Multi-phase Flux During Dephosphorization Process

An increase in the utilization efficiency of CaO, one of the major fluxing agents used in various steelmaking processes, is required to reduce the amount of discharged slag and energy consumption of the process. The authors have intensively focused on the development of innovative dephosphorization process by using so called “multi-phase flux” composed of solid and liquid phases. This article summarizes the research on the above topic done by the authors, in which the formation mechanisms of P₂O₅-containing phase during CaO or 2CaO·SiO₂ dissolution into molten slag, the phase relationship between solid and liquid phases at equilibrium, and thermodynamic properties of P₂O₅-containing phase have been clarified. The reactions between solid CaO or 2CaO·SiO₂ and molten CaO-FeO _x -SiO₂-P₂O₅ slag were observed by dipping solid specimen in the synthesized slag at 1573 K or 1673 K. The formation of the CaO-FeO layer and dual-phase layer of solid 2CaO·SiO₂ and FeO _x -rich liquid phase was observed around the interface from the solid CaO side toward the bulk slag phase side. Condensation of P₂O₅ into 2CaO·SiO₂ phase as 2CaO·SiO₂-3CaO·P₂O₅ solid solution was observed in both cases of CaO and 2CaO·SiO₂ as solid specimens. Measurement of the phase relationship for the CaO-FeO _x -SiO₂-P₂O₅ system confirmed the condensation of P₂O₅ in solid phase at low oxygen partial pressure. The thermodynamics of 2CaO·SiO₂-3CaO·P₂O₅ solid solution are to be clarified to quantitatively simulate the dephosphorization process, and the current results are also introduced. Based on the above results, the reduction of CaO consumption, the discharged slag curtailment, and energy-saving effects have been discussed.