考虑成熟度激励的服务型产能共享平台模式演化研究

针对服务型产能共享平台模式演化发展与政府激励机制优化问题,突出平台方的利益主体地位,构建产能共享的平台方、需求方、提供方演化博弈模型,推导出该模式的演化路径,结合成熟度评价体系优化政府激励机制。研究表明:服务型产能共享平台模式的实施首先取决于平台企业的服务成本偏好,参与三方遵循"平台方—需求方—提供方"递进演化路径;基于工业互联网平台成熟度评价体系的"达标"式补贴机制设计,有利于提高政府的激励效率。由数值仿真可知,考虑成熟度激励的政府补贴机制能大幅降低补贴成本,加快达到服务型产能共享平台模式演化稳态。     

政府奖惩机制下港口危化品物流监管的三方演化博弈研究

为解决物流监管中企业向第三方专业机构寻租、政府监管缺失等问题,构建港口物流企业、第三方专业机构和港口行政管理部门的三方演化博弈模型,通过求解与数值仿真,揭示物流监管中演化均衡规律。研究表明,港口行政管理部门设定的奖惩机制必须符合对各方的奖励与惩罚之和大于各自投机收益的条件,才能使策略组合(合规运营、拒绝寻租、宽松监管)成为演化稳定策略;增大奖励与惩罚力度均有利于企业合规运营和第三方专业机构拒绝寻租策略的实施,但港政部门的监管意愿随着奖励力度的增大而减小,且随着奖励力度的增大其效果减弱;提升企业的信誉收益,增加寻租成本及政府失职受到的问责也有助于促进企业向合规运营方向的演化。     

政府奖惩激励下快递包装回收行为演化博弈与仿真分析

目的 厘清快递包装废弃物回收利益主体间的博弈关系与演化路径,解决快递包装回收率普遍较低的问题。方法 在信息不对称和有限理性的条件下,构建政府、回收商和消费者三群体间快递包装回收行为演化博弈模型。分析群体间稳定策略组合的实现条件,运用Matlab软件进行数值仿真,探究不同参数变化对三方演化路径的影响。结果 政府的奖惩力度、激励成本、收益大小是影响博弈三主体策略选择和演化稳定路径走向的关键因素。同时回收商和消费者的参与比例对政府行为选择有显著作用。结论 参与主体得益是影响其行为的关键,政府通过积极鼓励、支持和宣传,同时设立科学合理的奖惩激励政策能够明显提高快递包装回收率。     

基于演化博弈的我国电商绿色包装稳定策略分析

实施绿色包装是在电商快速发展过程中亟待解决的问题。在演化博弈理论的假设前提下,构建了以政府-电商企业-消费者三方为主体的博弈模型;探讨三方的期望收益模型、复制动态方程及由此构成的雅可比矩阵;分析三方博弈模型的均衡点,并判断出稳定点;最后通过数值仿真加以验证。研究结果表明,政府消极监管、电商企业提供绿色包装、消费者参与所构成的策略集是三方演化博弈的稳定点。     

PPP项目政府激励与社会资本努力的演化博弈与仿真

在PPP项目中,政府的激励策略是抑制社会资本不努力行为的重要机制。研究建立政府激励策略与社会资本努力行为互动的支付矩阵及动态演化博弈模型,分析双方在决策互动中的复制动态和进化稳定性。研究表明,(不激励,不努力)、(不激励,努力)、(激励,努力)策略在不同的参数设置下均有可能成为稳定策略,且个体决策行为对群体行为决策具有一定的影响。Matlab数值仿真结果显示,当社会资本不努力时,政府方一定不会给予激励;而且政府在激励策略中更加偏好事后奖励的激励方式。因此,政府方应该注重具有弹性的事后奖励带来的激励价值。研究结果为合理地设置PPP项目激励机制提供建议。     

有限管制下快递包装逆向物流三方博弈行为分析

我国正逐步推行快递包装回收、垃圾分类等系列举措,但面临着快递包装回收成本高、消费者参与意愿低等一系列矛盾和问题。从演化博弈的视角,构建"电商企业—消费者—政府"三者之间的博弈模型,分析政府管制措施对快递包装回收产业的影响,并以商业软件进行数值仿真分析。研究表明:产业处于发展初期阶段时,政府须保持一定的基础设施投入和财政补贴投入,增加企业实施回收的净收益,如以税收优惠等措施激励电商企业实施逆向物流,同时政府可通过回收计划积分奖励等调动消费者参与积极性;对财政补贴的实施给予适度的监管强度,过高的监管强度会抑制各方快递包装回收积极性,但低监管强度不利于回收产业的市场秩序建立与发展;政府对于不实施逆向物流的电商企业处罚力度大,有助于推动其向实施逆向物流的方向演化;消费者对于电商企业的态度,如不实施逆向物流的不满意度,可影响其市场份额,并促使其开展快递包装逆向物流。     

“双碳”目标下政企及第三方检测机构三方演化博弈分析

针对政府低碳规制下,制造商与第三方机构合谋寻租,导致市面上“伪绿色产品”频现等问题,构建由政府监管部门、制造商和第三方检测机构组成的三方参与主体演化博弈模型。在此基础上,探讨各参与主体演化博弈稳定策略组合及实现条件。通过数值仿真分析,阐明制造商寻租及投机成本、生产高绿色和低绿色产品成本差值、第三方检测机构寻租成本及收益、政府监管部门对制造商及第三方机构的奖惩力度等因素对三方参与主体策略选择及系统优化稳定性的影响,以期为“双碳”目标下政府激励与监管政策制定提供参考。     

多方博弈情景下缺陷产品召回监管问题研究

缺陷产品造成安全事故频发对消费者人身和财产安全造成严重影响。本文针对产品召回的监管问题,考虑参与各方主体利益最大化,构建政府监管部门、企业和消费者三方博弈策略收益矩阵,对比分析各博弈主体行为策略的演化稳定均衡,分析三方博弈主体策略选择的影响因素,找出破解当前召回监管模式弊端的突破口。研究表明:对于政府,提高政府行政处罚力度、优化政府监督流程,将提高政府召回监督工作效率;对于企业,设立缺陷召回信用机制、提高对消费者损失的赔偿,将提高企业积极配合、主动召回的积极性;对于消费者,搭建缺陷召回信息平台、降低消费者维权成本和提高维权所得的赔偿,将有助于消费者主动上报缺陷产品信息、积极参与缺陷产品召回工作。     

基于演化博弈的军民融合产业合作创新行为及稳定性分析

基于演化博弈理论,从市场机制和政府监管两个角度分析军民融合产业政产学研合作创新行为及其影响因素。构建博弈模型观察多个利益相关者的合作行为,结合复制动态方程分析演化稳定策略的选择,并仿真验证了理论研究。结果发现:在市场机制下政府补贴、违约金和收益分配系数对军民融合企业和学研机构开展合作创新有显著影响,但作用机制不同;在政府监管下合理税率、行政处罚有利于维护军民融合产业合作创新的稳定性。此外,政府在与企业、学研机构博弈中获得了最大化的额外社会收益,这样的"利益诉求"将增加其参与合作创新活动的积极性。     

环保第三方监督下钢铁企业碳减排行为及其演化动态

为了更好地实施全方位监管,部分地方政府引入环保第三方监督着力提高碳减排效能。构建演化博弈模型研究环保第三方监督下钢铁企业的碳减排行为及其演化动态,分析地方政府资金支持、碳减排补贴和不定期监管对演化均衡策略的影响。研究结果表明:地方政府需建立环保第三方监督约束机制,防止环保第三方监督出现"搭便车"行为;地方政府加强不定期监管,增加碳减排补贴、资金支持、环保第三方监督机构的失职罚款以及钢铁企业的超额排放罚款,有助于促进环保第三方监督机构加大监督力度,提高钢铁企业碳减排意愿,从而有效推动钢铁企业实现碳减排。     

政府主导下军民融合式协同创新的演化博弈

应用演化博弈理论,从动态角度对有限理性的政府、军工企业和民营企业间的博弈行为进行分析,探讨政府主导下军民合作创新系统中双方成员的演化稳定策略,提出促进军工领域多主体最优合作的对策和建议。结果表明,协同创新系统的超额收益、研发总成本以及背叛收益等因素对双方的策略选择具有直接的影响。政府通过建立完善的激励、监督和惩罚机制,打造良好的军民融合式发展环境,发挥宏观调控作用,能够促进创新体系向帕累托最优的方向演化。     

Examining the effects of government intervention on the firm’s environmental and technological innovation capabilities and export performance

Considering our living environments directly affect the quality of our daily lives, many believe that the environment should only be safeguarded by the mighty hands of the government instead of leaving the environmental stewardship in the hands of profit-making private enterprises. As such, the government often intervenes with the way private enterprises conduct business through many different forms of environmental regulations and business incentives. However, the efficiency and effectiveness of such government intervention are still unknown and unclear at best. Many sceptics still think that economic growth and environmental protection are in conflict with each other and subsequently the firm’s environmental performance and export performance cannot be achieved simultaneously even with active government intervention over the firm’s environmental management. To clarify this misconception, this paper aims to examine whether government intervention leads to the affected firm’s both environmental and export performance (export sales performance). In addition, it investigates whether government intervention enhances the firm’s environmental and technological innovation capabilities and thus makes the firm more competitive in the global marketplace. In so doing, this paper verifies the ecological modernisation theory and institutional theory using the empirical analysis of the survey data obtained from the Korean manufacturing industry.     

Innovation dimensions and firm performance synergy in the emerging market: A perspective from Dynamic Capability Theory & Signaling Theory

ContextIn this rapidly changing business environment, innovation is the key requirement to gain a sustained advantage over competitors. Innovation helps firms grow more quickly than others grow, survive in the harsh & highly competitive business environment, and eventually become a market leader.PurposeIndia is an emerging market, and many companies are entering here and making it highly competitive. The limited study is available to measure the effect of innovation in Indian Business. Thus, the study establishes a relationship between innovation and firm performance in the Indian setting.Design/methodology/approachThis is a perception-based study and used established subjective scales to measure innovation and firm performance. I validated the scale using the measurement model in AMOS. The survey used to collect around 250 cross-sectional data from middle & higher management executives of Indian firms. Structural equation modeling in AMOS was used to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe results showed that product and marketing innovation has a significant and positive impact on the dimensions of firm performance. In contrast, Process innovation showed an indirect effect mediated through marketing innovation. These outcomes will be beneficial for the industries for taking proactive measures.Originality/valueThe examination of mediation relationships between Marketing innovation and Product & Process innovation is limited. Novelty also lies in analyzing the impact of multiple innovation types on multiple dimensions of firm performance in Indian firms to verify dynamic capability and mediating effect of marketing innovation in Indian demography to validate the signaling theory perspective. Rigor in research methods like Scale and sampling method verification test, i.e., CMB. Heteroscedasticity and Endogeneity test for applicability of OLS and verifying exogenous variables.     

政府研发补贴与企业创新投入:数量激励抑或质量导向?

如何有效发挥政府“有形之手”对企业创新的激励作用,优化公共资源配置效率,是实施创新驱动战略和推动经济高质量发展的关键一环。基于2001-2017年中国非金融类A股上市公司面板数据,用研发投资衡量创新投入数量,用专利产出衡量创新投入转化质量,从理论上分析政府研发补贴对企业创新投入数量和投入转化质量的作用机制,并采用固定效应模型、联立方程模型等进行实证检验。结果发现:第一,政府研发补贴能够显著提高企业研发投资额,表明政府补贴对企业创新投入存在数量激励,同时,企业研发投资对专利产出具有显著正向影响,增加创新投入资金数量是确保投入转化质量的必要非充分条件;第二,在控制内生性后,政府研发补贴对企业专利产出具有不显著负向影响,表明政府研发补贴未能形成创新投入质量导向;第三,在政府干预程度较低、法治水平较好的情况下,政府研发补贴能够同时提升企业研发投资与专利产出,证实寻租行为、逆向选择行为和缺乏政府监管等是政府补贴无法有效发挥投入质量导向作用的潜在原因。     

Motivating business towards innovation: A panel data study using dynamic capability framework

National strategic dynamic capabilities refer to the nations' ability to acquire, develop, and transfer national resources into innovation. This would help provoke firms and individuals’ capabilities to sense and seize to expedite innovative performance transformation. This study suggests that through the dynamic capabilities (DC) framework, the government can increase Innovation by channelizing the economic innovation system indicators. Macroeconomic indicators from 62 countries were taken to assess the significance of indicator-based dynamic capabilities model. The results confirm that sensing and seizing indices motivate Innovation, while the cost of business negatively moderates sensing. This model suggests that governments can motivate Innovation by exploring the indicators which are determining the sensing and seizing environment of decision-makers in businesses.     

政府管理下网络众包的快递包装回收模式创新

目的 创新政府管理下网络众包的快递包装回收模式。方法 通过文献研究、案例分析、实地调查、统计分析、模型构建等研究方法,对快递包装存在的资源严重浪费、环境污染等社会问题及包装回收现状进行深入研究,并创新网络众包理念,探索政府管理下网络众包的快递包装回收的新模式。结果 构建了数字化快递包装智慧管理系统,提高了快递包装回收率,解决了快递包装造成的严重社会问题。结论 构建了政府管理下网络众包的快递包装回收模式,实现了快递包装回收的众包结构与关系创新、包装循环创新、回收众包平台的功能和管理创新。     

Dynamic Capabilities of Multinational Enterprises: The Dominant Logics Behind Sensing,Seizing, and Transforming Matter!

The dynamic capabilities approach explains how firms create and sustain competitive advantages in dynamic environments if they exhibit technical and evolutionary fitness. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are not only exposed to industry dynamism, but also to dynamism in the different country environments in which they operate. Understanding the dynamic capabilities of MNEs thus requires analyzing not only the firm dimension, but also the country dimension and firm–country interactions of international business. Building on the analytical disaggregation of dynamic capabilities into: (1) sensing opportunities (or threats), (2) seizing (or neutralizing) them via expedient investments, and (3) transforming the firm and its resources and capabilities accordingly, we conceptualize the relationships between the dominant logics behind MNEs’ sensing, seizing, and transforming and evolutionary fitness. First, we propose that a dominant logic behind sensing, based on an application of resource-based view thinking to the international business context (which we develop to separately explain the three component parts of MNEs’ competitive advantages, i.e., non-location bound firm-specific advantages, country-specific advantages, and location bound firm-specific advantages), positively moderates the effect of sensing processes and routines on evolutionary fitness. Second, we propose that a dominant logic behind seizing, based on internalization theory thinking, positively moderates the effect of seizing processes and routines on evolutionary fitness. Third, we propose that a dominant logic behind transforming, based on a broad agency perspective extended to the international business context, positively moderates the effect of transforming processes and routines on evolutionary fitness.     

Asymmetric Regulation and Incentives for Innovation

Under asymmetric regulation, different firms in the same industryare subjected to different levels of regulatory restraint. Weanalyze the nature of innovation rivalry in such an industry,emphasizing that a rival may be able to inexpensively imitatean innovator's successful new technology. Although asymmetricregulation may slow the industry-wide pace of innovation, itdoes not necessarily do so. In fact, by weakening the regulatedincumbent's incentive to imitate, regulation may make an unregulatedentrant's innovation profitable, thereby accelerating innovation.Conversely, giving the regulated firm stronger incentives maybackfire by producing either excessive or insufficient innovation;these negative outcomes are more likely the greater the cost-reducingpotential offered by the new technology.     

基于系统动力学的跑道侵入风险演化博弈研究

为探究跑道侵入风险控制中机场、航空公司与行业政府的博弈策略,构建了基于支付函数矩阵的三方演化博弈模型,并运用系统动力学对演化博弈过程进行仿真分析。设置了2种仿真环境：演化博弈模型中概率突变的情景以及动态监管策略下的博弈过程,通过了模型检验及灵敏度分析。仿真结果表明：该博弈模型存在有效解,但不存在演化稳定均衡解;改进的行业政府动态监管策略条件下存在演化稳定均衡解。得出结论：行业政府实行动态监管策略,令经济制裁额度为跑道侵入风险严重度的函数,促使机场和航空公司加大跑道侵入风险的控制力度。