NH4F浓度对镁合金表面微弧氧化制备氟化物膜层结构和性能的影响

目的 考察乙二醇-氟化铵电解液中氟化铵浓度对镁合金表面微弧氧化制备氟化物膜层结构和性能的影响,提高镁合金氟化物膜层的耐腐蚀性能。方法 在含不同浓度NH4F的EG-NH4F电解液中,采用微弧氧化的方法制备氟化物膜层,NH4F质量浓度分别为40、60、80、100、120 g/L。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD),对膜层表面微观形貌和成分组成进行分析,并通过电化学测试表征了膜层的腐蚀防护性能,通过盐雾试验评估了膜层长效防腐蚀行为,通过SEM和EDS表征了腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物。结果 在EG-NH4F中制备膜层的物相组成主要是MgF2。随着NH4F浓度的提高,微弧氧化的起弧电压与工作电压均逐渐减小,膜层中氟含量逐渐增加,膜层的孔径减小,孔数量分布更加均匀,膜层表面粗糙度降低。质量浓度为100 g/L NH4F的膜层自腐蚀电流密度(Jcorr)为2.226×10^‒7 A/cm²,较镁合金基材降低了1个数量级,极化电阻Rp增大到90.156 kΩ.cm²,其阻抗模量|Z|f=0.01 Hz=8.55×10⁵ Ω.cm²,与镁合金基材的阻抗模量|Z|f=0.01 Hz=8.86×10² Ω.cm²相比,提高了3个数量级。结论 微弧氧化处理能够显著改善AZ31镁合金的腐蚀防护性能。NH4F浓度的增加有利于提高膜层的耐腐蚀性能,质量浓度为100 g/L NH4F的膜层耐腐蚀性能最优。     

载荷与腐蚀环境耦合作用下防护涂层的寿命预测模型研究

为预测舰船航空飞行器防护涂层的服役寿命,在现有的老化动力学预测模型基础上,提出了改进的老化动力学模型与神经网络模型两种新的预测模型。对基材为AF1410,表面处理依次为喷丸、喷锌、喷底漆、喷磁漆的试样,进行三亚外部环境(紫外、热冲击、低温疲劳、盐雾)的综合加速试验,采用电化学阻抗谱技术测得了试样涂层腐蚀老化过程中的阻抗模值数据,并利用试验数据针对3种预测模型进行测试。测试结果表明,改进的老化动力学神经网络模型预测精度较传统老化动力学模型明显提高,且神经网络模型预测精度提高程度更明显。     

磷化聚苯胺固化含环氧基硅树脂涂层的制备及性能

为了改善有机硅树脂的固化条件及其涂层的防腐蚀性能,以γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（GPTMS）、硅酸乙酯（TEOS）、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷（DMDMS）为硅烷单体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了含环氧基的硅树脂（ESiR）,并以磷化聚苯胺（PANI）为固化剂制备了硅树脂防腐蚀涂层,分析了PANI固化含环氧基硅树脂的固化反应。通过测试固化时间、涂层的柔韧性和硬度、热失重曲线等考察了PANI添加量对涂层固化程度的影响;通过附着力、接触角、吸水率、电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线测试了PANI添加量对涂层性能的影响。结果表明：当PANI添加量（质量分数）为3 %时,得到的涂层固化效果较好,涂层既具有良好的柔韧性,又有较高的硬度;且涂层表现出较好的疏水性、附着力和优异的防腐蚀性能,其接触角为103.5°,吸水率为8.91%;涂层的干、湿附着力均为0级;腐蚀电流密度为7.58×10^-8 A/cm²,电化学阻抗值达到3.4×10⁶ Ω·cm²。     

BTA@SPANI-POSS环氧涂层的制备及防腐性能

为提高环氧涂层在腐蚀环境下的防腐性和持久性,合成一种负载有缓蚀剂苯并三唑(BTA)的苯并三唑@磺化聚苯胺功能化倍半硅氧烷(BTA@SPANI-POSS),随后将 BTA@SPANI-POSS 与环氧树脂共混得到 BTA@SPANI-POSS 环氧涂料, 最后在 Q235 碳钢上制备数种复合环氧涂层。通过红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜对 BTA@SPANI-POSS 的结构、 缓蚀性能、表面形貌进行表征,利用接触角测量仪、电化学工作站研究所制备涂层的疏水性能和防腐性能。研究表明,随着 SPANI-POSS 的添加,涂层沾湿性能降低。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和塔菲尔极化曲线测试结果表明,与 SPANI-POSS 环氧涂层相比,负载有 BTA 的 BTA@SPANI-POSS 环氧涂层对金属基底具有更高和更持久的保护能力,其中试样 EB_1.5%的腐蚀电流密度 i_corr为 16.67 ? A·cm^?2 ,其极化电阻 R_p为 2.467 M?·cm² ,具有较低的腐蚀动态速率。在 3.5 wt.% NaCl 溶液中浸泡 15 d 后环氧涂层仍具有良好的防腐蚀效果,其阻抗值 Z_0.01Hz 仍保留有第 1 d 时的 26.89%,表现出优异的长期稳定性和防腐性能。归因于 SPANI-POSS 与 BTA 之间的协同作用,所制备的 BTA@SPANI-POSS 环氧涂层在浸泡过程中与碳钢基底发生络合反应,从而起到长时间的保护作用。     

典型防护涂层体系在南极大气环境中的失效行为研究

目的 研究南极多种特殊环境因素对典型有机涂层失效产生的具体作用。方法 以在南极中山站现场暴露1 a的环氧树脂类、聚氨酯类涂层体系为研究对象,通过光泽度测试、色差测试、附着力测试、SEM、EIS、FTIR等方法系统地研究涂层的失效行为,以及中山站环境因素的作用机制。结果 在环氧树脂类涂层表面有肉眼可见的剥落、起泡、微裂纹和坑状损伤,表现出比聚氨酯类涂层更加明显的失光、色差、附着力损失、化学结构变化等;电化学测试结果表明,6种涂层的无划叉试样在暴露1 a后防护性能均有所下降,其低频阻抗模值(|Z|_0.01Hz)下降了约1个数量级。其中,环氧树脂类涂层的划叉试样表现出更差的防护性能,其|Z|_0.01Hz最大下降了5个数量级,最低达到4.02×10⁴?·cm²,同时聚氨酯类涂层的|Z|0.01 Hz仍保持在10¹¹?·cm²左右。红外测试结果表明,环氧类涂层的部分官能团发生了水解反应,而聚氨酯类涂层没有发生明显的化学结构变化。此外,环氧涂层的附着力损失率较高,最高...     

高温防护涂层的熔盐热腐蚀研究进展

高温热腐蚀是热元件主要失效形式之一,Na₂SO₄和NaCl熔盐会加速高温下的热腐蚀,甚至导致灾难性事故发生。本文就Na₂SO₄和/或NaCl熔盐引起的热腐蚀进行了讨论,其中Na₂SO₄是主要的腐蚀反应物,详细介绍了2种典型的热腐蚀行为和性能特点。重点介绍了几种热腐蚀模型和机理,以及Na₂SO₄、NaCl、Na₂SO₄+NaCl熔盐的反应公式和腐蚀机理。根据目前的研究状况来看,制备防护涂层是缓解热腐蚀的最佳途径,总结了近年来MCrAlY涂层、NiAl涂层、热障涂层和新型涂层的发展情况,并探讨了进一步提高涂层耐腐蚀性能的方法。最后,展望了防护涂层的未来发展方向。     

实海浸泡条件下聚氨酯涂层的失效行为

目的 在青岛市小麦岛试验站开展实海浸泡试验,探究聚氨酯涂层在实际服役过程中的失效行为。 方法 选用TS55?80聚氨酯涂层/Q235碳钢体系为试验样品,开展实海浸泡试验。从聚氨酯涂层的表面形貌、失光率、色差、涂层附着力、化学结构及涂层热稳定性等角度对聚氨酯涂层的失效行为进行研究。结果 在实海浸泡条件下,聚氨酯涂层表面会出现明显的鼓泡和裂纹等缺陷,在浸泡6个月后的涂层表面可以观察到明显的腐蚀产物。随着浸泡时间的延长,涂层的化学结构发生了明显变化,涂层的热稳定性显著降低。在浸泡12个月后,聚氨酯涂层的失光率为69.9%,属于严重失光;涂层的色差达到3.20,属于轻微变色,涂层的附着力降至0.82 MPa,涂层与金属基体的结合强度大幅下降;聚氨酯涂层的阻抗值降至2.81×10³ Ω.cm²,说明涂层的防护性能基本丧失。结论 在实海浸泡条件下,聚氨酯涂层中颜料颗粒的脱落会造成涂层表面孔隙数量的增加,这会加速海水中水和氧气等腐蚀性介质的渗透过程,使得涂层/金属界面处的电化学反应快速进行,导致涂层的防护性能快速下降。此外,聚氨酯链中氨基甲酸酯键的水解是造成聚氨酯涂层发生降解的主要原因。     

电流密度对ZK60镁合金表面超疏水涂层的制备及耐腐蚀性的影响

为了提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,基于层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）膜在ZK60镁合金表面制备了超疏水（SH）涂层。涂层制备过程中引入电场辅助,研究了工作电流密度对涂层性能的影响。结果表明,工作电流密度显著影响LDHs膜的微观结构,这对SH涂层的疏水性具有重要影响。当工作电流密度为25 mA/cm²时,SH涂层表面呈现均匀的微纳米结构,并表现出超疏水性。超疏水涂层的腐蚀电流密度（I_corr=9×10^-7 A·cm^-2）比ZK60基体的腐蚀电流密度（I_corr=3×10^-5 A·cm^-2）低了2个数量级,表现出优异的耐腐蚀性。     

电化学合成聚吡咯及其腐蚀防护性能研究

    采用循环伏安法在304不锈钢(304SS)基体上电化学合成聚吡咯(PPy)膜层,并通过Tafel极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱法(EIS)研究聚吡咯膜层的腐蚀防护性能.结果表明,聚吡咯膜层使304不锈钢基体的自腐蚀电位正移60 mV,腐蚀电流密度由10^-6 A/cm² 变化到 10^-7 A/cm²;覆有聚吡咯膜层的304不锈钢在腐蚀液中浸泡的过程中,由于聚吡咯的氧化还原能力,在金属表面加速钝化层的形成及修复破坏的钝化层,进一步提高了金属的抗腐蚀性能;聚吡咯膜层的防腐机制归结为物理屏蔽作用和钝化机制.     

有机覆膜对热烧结锌铝涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响

为提高热烧结锌铝涂层（简称锌铝涂层）的耐蚀性,在涂层表面涂覆一层环氧富铝膜,形成复合涂层。采用十字划格法测试锌铝涂层和复合涂层的附着强度,并用扫描电镜（SEM）分析涂层微观形貌;用海水全浸实验和中性盐雾实验评价涂层的耐蚀性能;采用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究涂层的电化学性能。结果表明,复合涂层表面更为完整致密,防水性能优于锌铝涂层;环氧富铝膜层能够有效的阻挡腐蚀介质的入侵,复合涂层耐蚀性比锌铝涂层高。复合涂层腐蚀初期主要为扩散控制,随着腐蚀介质的不断渗入,环氧膜层中的Al粉发生活化反应,起到了一定的牺牲阳极保护作用。有机覆膜提高了锌铝涂层在海洋环境中的适用能力。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.