大民屯凹陷前进潜山断裂输导体系特点分析

油气输导体系是将潜山油气藏的油气从烃源岩运移至潜山内部,然后进行成藏,对油气运移的路径和方向起到决定作用,将成藏要素和成藏作用进行有机的整合,从而可以控制油气藏的形成和分布。通常,输导体系主要由断层、不整合面、砂岩组成,而在潜山油气藏的形成过程中,断层和不整合面起主要作用。本文主要对大民屯凹陷前进潜山断裂疏导体系进行了深入分析及研究,归纳总结潜山的断裂输导体系的特点,对寻找大民屯凹陷基岩潜山油气藏具有十分重要的意义。     

蠡县斜坡古近系断层油气藏特征及其成藏主控因素

根据蠡县斜坡研究区古近系断层油气藏分布特征和含油气性特征,探讨了古近系断层油气藏成藏的主要控制因素。研究认为蠡县斜坡断层油气藏具有烃源岩、断裂、有利储集相带和输导体系联合控藏的特点。古近系油藏主要围绕生烃洼陷呈带状分布;发育于斜坡中外带的北东向早期断对油气主要起遮挡聚集作用,发育于斜坡中内带的北东向晚期断层对油气主要起输导作用,也有部分晚期断层聚集成藏;油气藏主要分布在三角洲前缘相和河流相砂体中;由斜坡中低部位的断层垂向输导通道和鼻状构造砂体横向输导通道组成的断层-砂体复合输导体系是蠡县斜坡中南部主要的油气输导体系类型。     

油气输导体系研究进展及分类

通过输导体系的分类,输导体系研究的特点等分析,详细介绍了目前输导体系的研究现状。把含油气盆地内具有输导能力并能够构成运移通道的地质元素称为输导单元,并划分为断层、不整合、储集体、裂缝四类,提出以输导单元为基本要素的输导体系综合划分方案。不同类型盆地油气输导体系类型和输导性能差异较大。若能充分认识研究区的输导体系,则可提高油气藏的预测精度,减少勘探风险。     

塔中4油田含砾砂岩段网毯式油气成藏输导体系研究

运用网毯式成藏输导体系的新理论,对塔中4油田石炭系含砾砂岩段的油气成藏输导体系进行研究,分析网毯式输导体系中的油气运移特征及油气成藏过程。结果表明,对油气运移起重要作用的输导体主要有断裂、不整合面和连通砂体;不同类型的输导体组合出单断层输导模式和多断层输导模式;复杂的网状输导体系控制了研究区油气藏的形成、分布及规模。     

江陵凹陷油气输导体系及其控藏作用

油气输导体系研究是油气藏成藏机理研究的重要内容之一.本次采取宏观和微观相结合的研究思路,综合应用录井、测井、地震、分析测试资料,识别江汉盆地江陵凹陷油气运移范围和路径,指出了油气运移的优势通道,分析了江陵凹陷输导体系的特征及其控藏作用.综合研究表明,江陵凹陷中的砂体和断层是油气运移优势通道,以连通砂体为主要运移通道的油气藏常形成于距烃源层较近或相邻的层位;而以断层为垂向运移通道的油气藏多在断层带附近多层叠置.     

含油气盆地输导体系研究进展

输导体系是油气运移的通道,对油气成藏具有控制作用。本文在对前人文献调研的基础上,梳理了输导体系的概念和分类,将输导体系分为砂岩输导体、断裂输导体和不整合输导体。总结了砂岩、断裂和不整合输导体的研究思路和存在问题,指出输导体系研究要从动态角度出发,以油气运移成藏时期的输导性能研究为主,结合对输导体进行静态精细刻画,指出油气运移的优势方向。     

埕北凹陷沙三段油气藏特征及成藏主控因素分析

油气藏的形成机制和分布规律比较复杂,在勘探上具有高难度和高风险的特点。本文通过对埕北凹陷沙三段进行调研,并综合前人的研究成果,论述了凹陷沙三段的地质特征和油气藏特征,认为油气藏成藏主要取决于岩性圈闭、烃源岩分布及输导体系等因素,对油气藏勘探具有重要理论意义与现实意义。     

与不整合有关的油气成藏特征研究现状

与不整合有关的油气藏成藏特征研究近年来为石油地质界学者所关注。前人对不整合的分类、不整合的空间结构以及不整合对于油气的输导或封闭性能等方面的定性研究已取得许多重要成果。下一步应该从源藏空间关系着手来研究油气藏成藏过程中不整合的作用,加强对不整合的定量分析,建立此类油气藏的成藏模式。     

断层输导体系特征及对油气成藏的控制作用

输导体系是油气从源岩到圈闭的桥梁,盆地广泛存在的断裂构成了油气输导的重要通道。本文基于大量油气勘探实践,系统总结了断层输导体系的特征、类型及控藏模式,研究认识对断块油气区勘探目标评价具有指导意义。笔者依据油气沿断层运移的方向,将断层输导方式归结为沿断层垂向和穿过断层运移;油气穿层、长距离的垂向运移和周期性是断层输导体系的典型特征;根据断层与其他输导体的组合方式差异,断裂输导系统可分为断裂型、断层-连通砂体型、断裂-不整合面型和断层-连通砂体-不整合复合型输导体系;最后总结提出了同层成藏、潜山成藏、跨断层成藏和沿断层成藏四类典型的成藏模式。     

海安凹陷富安地区阜宁组成藏主控因素分析

富安次凹位于海安凹陷中部,资源潜力丰富。近年海安凹陷阜宁组油气勘探取得了较大突破,这表明富安次凹阜三段地层可作为重要接替领域,具有进一步挖潜空间。本文主要针对该区阜宁组油藏类型及输导体系进行了系统的研究,研究发现阜三段油气分布与油气输导有关,平面上具有近成熟烃源灶、靠近油源断层和火成岩区分布的特点,构造、地层、断层和岩性共同控制了该地区阜三段油气成藏。针对三种不同控制因素的油气输导体系展开了细致研究,为该区浅层油气勘探提供了依据。     

地层测试中液垫与氮气垫的比较

地层测试中加垫是控制测试压差处于合理范围的基本方法,其作用在于疏通近井地带渗流孔道,诱导油气流出井筒。作为两种常用的加垫方式,液垫与氮气垫有许多相似之处,但物理性质上的差异也决定了施工形式上的不同,对二者的作用机理、工艺技术、适用范围进行比较,有助于正确认识它们的异同和优缺点所在,具体应用中应扬长避短,针对油气藏的地质特点、流体特征、井况因势利导,择优而定。     

Graph-theoretic and energetic exploration of catalytic pathways of the water-gas shift reaction

The catalytic mechanisms or pathways of water-gas shift (WGS) reaction have been the focus of intense research interest because of its immense importance in hydrogen production. At the outset, 116 stoichiometrically feasible independent pathways (IP_i's) have been exhaustively generated within 2 s on a PC through a novel graph-theoretic method based on P-graphs (process graphs) from a set of 17 plausible elementary reactions. This is followed by the determination of IP₁₈ among these 116 stoichiometrically feasible IP_i's as the plausibly dominant pathway via energetic analysis.     

流体包裹体研究现状

流体包裹体作为研究石油地质的重要工具,对于研究油气的运移、成藏和成熟度具有十分重要的意义,流体包裹体理论研究、包裹体分析技术和方法的改进直接影响着油藏地球化学、成藏动力学的研究,综合分析研究油包裹体的均一温度、盐度和荧光特性等对于更加科学地利用油包裹体测试所提供的各种信息进行油气勘探具有重要地理论和实践意义。     

模糊故障树分析法在深孔镀铬控制系统中的应用

针对深孔镀铬控制系统中对系统故障缺乏有效的分析解决手段,提出了模糊故障树分析法。通过分析影响系统可靠性的主要原因,建立了深孔镀铬控制系统可靠性的故障树模型。专家组对各个底事件进行评估,用格鲁布斯法对专家的评价数据进行检验,剔除离群值,并采用比较赋值法对离群值进行有效还原,以此得到专家的有效评价。采用模糊集合理论,对系统失效的底事件进行概率确定,通过对故障树进行定量的分析,得出顶事件发生的概率以及底事件的重要度参数。实践证明此方法具有有效性和正确性。     

木质素模型化合物合成研究的现状与展望

对木质素模型化合物合成研究现状进行了全面的综述。简单介绍了木质素单体合成的3种主要途径：莽草酸途径、苯丙烷类代谢途径及酯还原途径。简述了木质素单体聚合的2种理论,即被学术界广泛接受的随机聚合学说（或自由基组合交联理论）和颇受争议的严格调控聚合学说。阐述了β-O-4、α-O-4、5-5'、β-5'等多种连接键型木质素模型物的二聚体、三聚体及多聚体化学合成方法及机理方面的研究进展,并指出了木质素化学合成过程中的问题及应对措施,明确了木质素模型化合物合成研究的发展方向。     

DFT study on pathways of partial oxidation of DME under cold plasma conditions

Pathways of partial oxidation of dimethyl ether under cold plasma conditions have been studied by density functional theory method in this work. Total energies, energy barriers and reaction enthalpies at 0 K or 298.15 K have been calculated at GGA/PW91/DNP level. The calculation shows that, with the presence of O₂, the energy barrier of dimethyl ether conversion is reduced and the conversion from dimethyl ether to H₂ and CO is promoted under cold plasma conditions. The formation of syngas is through a multi-step pathway via the conversions of methoxymethyl radical (CH₃OCH₂·), formaldehyde, HCO·, CH₃·, CH₃O·, while the recombination of H generates extra hydrogen. The formation and effect of dimethyl ether anions have been also investigated in this work.     

Effect of surface hydroxyl groups of pure TiO2 and modified TiO2 on the photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous cyanide

It is still debatable whether the photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide proceeds via hydroxyl radicals or by photogenerated holes. We synthesized pure TiO₂ catalysts via sol-gel process. In order to elucidate the oxidation pathway of cyanide, we used hydroxyl radical scavengers and controlled the concentration of surface hydroxyl group on the catalysts adopting fluoride-exchange. The degree of fluoride-exchange of TiO₂ catalysts was independent of the pH of suspension. We also adopted a polyoxometalate, tungstophosphoric acid (TPA, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) which is well known for high charge transfer ability and hydrolytic stability. TPA-modified TiO₂ catalysts were prepared with sol-gel technique to overcome the high solubility of TPA in water. As another attempt for the insoluble TPA, proton of TPA supported on TiO₂ catalysts was replaced by cesium ion to form Cs-TPA/TiO₂ catalysts. Both attempts were successful in immobilizing TPA on TiO₂ catalysts. Commercially available TiO₂ catalysts such as P25 from Degussa AG were also used as catalysts. XRD analysis revealed that pure TiO₂ and TPA-modified TiO₂ catalysts prepared by sol-gel process were composed of well-developed anatase crystalline structure. In the presence of hydroxyl radical scavengers, the photoactivity of TPA-modified TiO₂ catalysts was retarded much less than that of pure TiO₂ catalysts. The concentration of surface hydroxyl group was effectively suppressed by the fluoride-exchange causing the decrease of the activity of the catalysts. In the case of fluoride-exchanged catalysts, the drop in activity was obvious for the pure TiO₂ catalysts in the presence of iodide as a hydroxyl radical scavenger suggesting that indirect oxidation via hydroxyl radicals was the preferential reaction pathway. For the TPA-modified TiO₂ catalysts, meanwhile, the diminution was such a small extent suggesting that direct oxidation by photogenerated holes was the main reaction pathway. The activity arising from TPA in the catalysts was due to the Keggin structured anion (PW₁₂O ₄₀ ^3- ) which acted as an electron relay with the aid of dissolved oxygen in the reaction system. This paper is dedicated to Professor Hyun-Ku Rhee on the occasion of his retirement from Seoul National University.     

壳牌资产剥离缘由、途径及其对国内石油公司的借鉴

在对伍德麦肯锡推测壳牌公司并购BG后可能出售资产背后的缘由进行剖析的基础上,指出待剥离资产选择的主要原则,包括处于非核心区域、政治风险大、处于递减期的资产,以及出于提高资产组合的集中度、更加聚焦油气资源类型的需要来选择相关资产。国内三大石油公司已经开始有意识地剥离资产,但总体仍处于相对初期阶段。文章对国内石油公司如何更好地进行资产剥离提出了建议。     

Pathways for steam reforming of dimethyl ether under cold plasma conditions: A DFT study

Density functional theory has been used to study the thermodynamics associated with the steam reforming of dimethyl ether (DME) under cold plasma conditions. The calculation showed that the only thermodynamic obstacle of the production of hydrogen, CO, dimethoxymethane (DMMT) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DMET) was the dissociation of DME and steam molecules, which was easy to be overcome under cold plasma conditions. The formation of hydrogen and CO was through a multi-step pathway via the methoxy radical conversion and dissociation of formaldehyde, while the recombination of H generated extra hydrogen. The syntheses of DMMT and DMET are from the recombination of and CH₃O, which could be primarily generated through DME dissociation or the reactions: H + CH₃OCH₃, OH + CH₃OCH₃, . The structure and electronic properties of DME anion were also studied in this work. Theoretical calculation showed that the DME anion was less stable than the neutral molecule. The route for the formation of and CH₃O from DME anion is thermodynamically favorable.     

农用杀菌剂吩嗪-1-羧酸的生物合成与基因调控

吩嗪-1-羧酸是一种安全、广谱的微生物源农药，可以抑制多种植物病原真菌，有效防治作物病害。本文对假单胞菌中吩嗪-1-羧酸的生物合成途径及吩嗪-1-羧酸衍生物的形成等进行了阐述，分析了吩嗪-1-羧酸合成的基因调控方式以及环境因素变化对其合成的影响。吩嗪-1-羧酸已广泛应用于生物防治．具有良好的应用前景。