针对婴幼儿及其看护者的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)城市应对方案

A million new neural connections are formed every second in a baby’s brain. These connections lay the foundations of their lifelong development, and are shaped by the amount and quality of care they receive from their primary caregivers, and by their immediate environment. To protect their health and limit negative consequences from COVID-19 on their long-term development, cities need to tailor their COVID-19 response to the needs of babies, toddlers, and their caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic affects babies and toddlers in cities by making it harder for their caregivers — most often their parents — to access their regular support systems, due to closures of services and key infrastructure such as parks, mobility restrictions, or isolation from the community. Cities can actively support caregivers through a range of solutions allowing remote access, or adapting infrastructure, services, and facilities to ensure safe in-person access to key services and urban spaces. This does not always require new solutions, but rather a systematic consideration of their needs into existing interventions. To do so, cities can combine empathy methods with data about families, and use those when assessing the situation, and then locating and designing their urban response to COVID-19.     

The response of common building construction technologies to the urban poor and their environment

There is a need to assist the inhabitants of informal settlements especially in developing countries to improve their living conditions and hence their quality of life. However, it is important to note that the bulk of housing for the urban poor will always be built by the poor themselves. In which case, there is a need for building technologies that are responsive to such communities and their environment in order to empower them to make their own contribution to the process of improving their living conditions.     

竖向几何不规则性对钢架鲁棒性及其非比例倒塌影响的评估

建筑物由于其结构系统遭受初始局部破坏后发生的非比例倒塌,往往被认定为建筑物局部失效或整体失效。不同结构体系的建筑物能否更好地应对非比例倒塌事件,要依赖其延性和冗余度;建筑物的抵抗力为多参数函数,其中可能包括其规则性。对不规则钢架在遭遇假设的初始破坏(依次移除柱子,直到全部移除)下的反应进行大量的参数研究。按照欧洲和希腊规范,设计15个钢架作为1组。从形态学上讲,钢架的竖向几何不规则性,在抵抗非比例倒塌上是很有效的。最后,给出了钢架的极限状态分析,弹性极限及其各自的鲁棒性测量结果。比较表明,应对钢架的竖向几何不规则性给予特别关注。     

铝合金门窗试水及渗漏的综合防治

近年来,房屋外围铝合金门窗使用越来越普遍,但目前施工中主要注重安装的牢固性和外观效果,对铝合金门窗的渗漏重视不够。对铝合金门窗进行渗漏检验时,既要对加工后的产品进行试验,也要对安装后的成品进行试水检验,对铝合金门窗的防渗性,应从设计、加工和安装多方面加以控制。     

建筑中的阶台状空间

本文将建筑中的“阶台状空间“作为一个独立的空间模式提炼出来,对它们的形式、功能及在建筑中的运用进行了仔细分析,目的在于强调它们对建筑与城市开放空间的衔接过渡作用,对建筑微气候的调节作用,以及对建筑外界面的重组作用.在现代建筑日趋多元化与集合化的时代,以它们在实际工程中的巧妙运用为基础进行综合比较与分析将有一定的实际指导意义.     

Outlines

How should architects hammer out their own personal design approach in relation to a wider cultural identity? Chilean architects Mauricio Pezo and Sofia von Ellrichshausen of Pezo von Ellrichshausen outline how their first years of practice have been dedicated to developing their own specific working methods. Drawing on the physical experience of space, their own evocative thoughts and sensations, they transform the simple natural structures of their local surrounding into idealised forms.     

Hodgetts+Fung

Craig Hodgetts and Hsin-Ming Fung are inspired by the ‘diverse and eclectic character’ of their adopted city of Los Angeles. As Denise Bratton explains, LA seeps into the very design process of their practice as much as it informs the character of their work. This is reflected in their dynamic scenographic approach, their bent for canny improvisation, and their attention to new materials and technologies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Religious expression in senegalese weavers' work

ABSTRACT

Using ethnographic interviews with weavers in Thiès, Senegal, this article argues that artists make processes of weaving practices of their faith. Weavers discursively associate their work with their personal faith and with socially circulated tenets of Sufism and indigenous systems of belief. I focus on a tacitly expressed analogy that weavers make between their work and faith: the divinely inspired knowledge needed for personal spiritual transformation, and the technical knowledge needed for artistic innovation. Because weavers adapt their work to new techniques and styles, the ways they express their beliefs through their work also varies and develops. I use pragmatics, or the relationship between beliefs and the ways people implement them, as a framework to explore how weavers express their faith through techniques and imagery.     

新一代意大利建筑师解读兼评阿克雅建筑师事务所的实践

今天,活跃在国际建筑舞台上的建筑师是 50来岁的一代人,与现代主义建筑大师们相比较,这一代建筑师具有更为特殊的位置。因为他们知道如何糅合不同的建筑创作模式,创造出体现设计者独立个性的做法,善于处理历史文化与当前现实的关系,适宜的合作规模和在建筑作品中巧妙地不事张扬。可是,意大利50来岁的建筑师却不知道处理这样一种恰如其分的平衡,例如如何体现设计者建筑语言的肯定性、在合作过程中如何认识自身的位置,以及面对当今复杂的施工要求如何保证建筑作品在实施过程中不失去个性,正是因为这些问题的处理不当,致使在国际建筑舞台上缺少他们的身影。今天,可以肯定的倒是30-40来岁的意大利建筑师,阿克雅建筑师事务所就是其中的一员。他们能够娴熟地运用国际流行的建筑语言,并且不局限在某种作者定式和个人魅力,致力于把纯粹的学术研究与建筑实践结合在一起。这一代意大利建筑师表现出来的特点是把每一次设计作为一次积极展示他们个人特点的机会,表现出强烈的希望设计作品付诸实施的愿望,以及作品中展现出扎实的结构专业能力。     

What’s in a (Migrant) House? Changing Domestic Spaces,the Negotiation of Belonging and Home-making in Ecuadorian Migration

Migrants’ constructions of their domestic spaces, and their struggle to feel at home in both receiving and sending societies, are an emerging focus of research in migration studies. Housing issues are also a privileged observatory on their transnational social engagement, as well as on the changing boundaries of their membership and belonging. This article addresses the everyday bases of their home-making and house-building practices, drawing on a multi-sited ethnography of Ecuadorian migration to Italy. What can be inferred from the ways in which migrants inhabit their houses “here”, while typically investing in better housing arrangements “there”, as to their alignment towards either society? What do their housing-related practises suggest about the potential to feel locally and transnationally at home, given the structural constraints they are subject to? By tracing the meanings, enactments and locations of migrants’ home, I aim to advance the debate on home and migration in two respects: the persistent materiality which underlies the home experience, and the significance of migrants’ houses, particularly in sending societies, as a window on the mixed social consequences of migration.     

Residential Experiences and the Culture of Suburbanization: A Case Study of Portuguese Homebuyers in Mississauga

This paper examines the housing experiences of immigrants to Canada through a survey of first-generation Portuguese homebuyers in Mississauga, a suburb of Toronto. The survey focused on the push/pull factors leading to their decision to live in the suburbs, their housing search strategies, and their use of services in Mississauga and in the initial area of Portuguese immigrant settlement in downtown Toronto. This study uses data from a questionnaire administered to 110 Portuguese homebuyers in 1990, shortly after their first move to suburban Mississauga; a sample of those respondents were re-interviewed in 2003. The evidence indicates that these immigrants were ‘pulled’ into relocating to Mississauga because of their desire to live in a single-family dwelling in a good neighbourhood. Their housing search relied extensively on ethnic sources of information, particularly Portuguese real estate agents. In general, this group of immigrants expressed satisfaction with their move. The Portuguese community in Mississauga is characterized by a form of voluntary segregation, which seems to be partly a result of their reliance on their own ethnic community for information, language barriers to participating in non-Portuguese activities, and a cultural preference for living near people of the same ethnic background. One consequence of this re-segregation process, by which Portuguese people recreate a Portuguese ‘homeland’ in the suburbs, has been the limitation of their social contacts with members of other ethnic communities that have also settled in suburban Mississauga.     

Vertical geometric irregularity assessment of steel frames on robustness and disproportionate collapse

Disproportionate collapse of building structures can be defined as the partial or total failure of a building as a consequence of an initial local damaging event which develops throughout the structural system of the building. Various building structural systems depending on their level of available ductility and redundancy can perform better or worse to disproportionate collapse events; their resistance to the phenomenon is a function of many parameters including their regularity or not. This paper presents an extensive parametric study on the response of irregular steel frames in case of initial damage, expressed by the total removal of their columns, one in turn. The study regards a set of 15 steel frames designed according to the Eurocodes and the Greek codes. Morphologically, the frames include vertical geometric irregularity leading to useful conclusions regarding the influence of such a property in their resistance to disproportionate collapse. At the end of the paper, the results of the analyses are presented for their limit analysis, their elastic limit and their respective robustness measures. Special attention is given to the influence of vertical geometric irregularity through comparative results.     

Architects and the Architectural Profession in the Turkish Context

This article explores the social construction of the architectural profession in the Turkish context from a historical perspective. It investigates architects' views regarding their roles in society and their positions vis-à-vis their clients and users. The data from in-depth interviews conducted with twentyfour practicing architects demonstrate that both traces of elitism and the tendency to define their professional roles to affect people's lives through their designs have prevailed in architects' beliefs and actions to varying degrees.     

美国坎顿锐步集团全球总部

对于锐步来说,设计它们新的全球总部预示着一种新的机遇,可以再次强调它们的宗旨和特性——那个曾经跨越不同时代而遍及全球的宗旨。NBBJ设计的这个新总部将锐步事务的所有方面结合在一起,它的员工及他们的活动,它的产品及它们未来的用途等等。     

高校国防教育与素质教育的融合

从国防教育的自身系统结构出发,论述与大学生素质教育的六点融合：借助国防教育之“魂”帮助克服大学生民族精神之“松”;借助国防教育之“严”帮助克服大学生纪律之“散”;借助国防教育技艺之“精”帮助克服大学生创新能力之“缺”;借助军营文化之“关”帮助克服大学生审美能力之“俗”;借助《内务条令》标准之“高”帮助克服大学生劳动能力之“弱。     

In search of profit: housing association investment in private rental housing

The traditional mission of housing associations in England is to provide non-profit housing let at sub-market rents to low-income and disadvantaged households. And yet in recent years, large ‘property developer housing associations’ have begun to invest in for-profit private rental homes let at market rents. Despite long waiting lists for their accommodation, these housing associations are mainly letting their for-profit rental homes to middle-income tenants rather than their traditional low-income clientele. Drawing on a ‘historical institutional’ conceptual framework, and combining structural and ‘agency’ explanations, this paper explores the reasons for this new trend. It argues that investment by large developer housing associations in for-profit and more upmarket rental homes will become increasingly important relative to their non-profit social housing. Over time, this ‘partial recalibration’ of their landlord role is likely to gradually transform the institutional rules, everyday practices and norms that shape their behaviour.     

物我·以外 境外建筑师之作品与回应

在2011成都双年展国际建筑展实践板块中,作品遴选的挑战在于如何挑选对城市化问题具有重要意义和价值的作品。入选的作品与"物我之境"的主题相关,在地域性和方法论的批评性方面都十分多样化,它们的一致之处在于处理当代社会问题时具有明确的立场,并坚持其批评性的实践。     

聚氯乙烯塑料门窗的施工安装

聚氯乙烯门窗由ＰＶＣ塑料异型材组装而成，与木、钢、铝合金门窗相比，它在材料性能和构造上有许多特点和差别。施工安装时应着重考虑门窗框与墙体的连接以及玻璃的安装。     

摄影艺术课程在素质教育中的重要作用

摄影艺术课程是对学生实施艺术文化素质教育的一个重要环节。摄影艺术课程在素质教育中起着十分重要的作用 ,通过摄影艺术教学 ,培养学生的观察能力、形象记忆能力、想象能力和创造能力 ,拓宽了知识面 ,并有助于突破学生的思维定势 ,利于其创新意识的培养 ,促进其专业技能的扩展。摄影艺术课程有助于学生人际交往与经验交流 ,它用一种特殊的方式交流人们的思想与情感 ,有力地增强自我表达的内涵。在充满着令人困惑的信息世界中 ,摄影艺术教育尚有助于学生探索、理解和接受新的事物。     

Compaction and shearing behaviour study of recycled aggregates

The aggregates resulting from the recycling of the products of demolition lie within the scope of local materials replacement and this study contributes to their valorisation in the field of the civil engineering, particularly in roads. After having sorted and selected the recycled aggregates, their characterization will bear on the comparison of the physical and mechanical behaviour of the recycled aggregates and natural materials (sand and gravel). In order to study their mechanical response and determine their mechanical characteristics the proctor test, the CBR test and the shearing test have been carried out. The result obtained showed that their characteristics are lower than those of the natural aggregates. Then, we tried to improve them by the following additions (sand, cement and brick). The combination of these materials two to two enabled us to improve some of their physical and mechanical characteristics and bring them near to the natural aggregates. Moreover, repeated shearing of the same sample, in each initial state of stress, highlighted the durability of the aggregates, and particularly their crushing phenomenon.