汶川地震建筑震害及其对结构概念设计的启示

通过对5·12汶川大地震部分灾区的建筑震害的现象进行分析,为了防止建筑的整体倒塌,指出了结构设计中应重视结构抗震概念设计,希望引起建筑界同仁的共鸣,切实做好建筑物的抗震设计工作。     

浅谈桥梁抗震设计中应注意的几个问题

介绍了震级和烈度的概念,从结构抗震设防水准的确定、结构抗震概念设计、结构抗震数值分析和结构抗震构造设计等方面就桥梁抗震设计中遇到的问题进行了探讨,以供桥梁结构设计人员参考借鉴。     

汶川地震建筑震害分析

汇总了清华大学、西南交通大学和北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组在四川地震主要灾区所调查的建筑震害资料,根据建筑的结构类别、建造年代、地震区估计烈度和使用功能进行了震害状况统计分析。结合典型工程震害案例,分析了此次地震中的建筑震害特点,总结了结构抗震概念设计、结构抗震设计和工程质量管理等方面的经验和教训。根据震害调查统计和典型震害分析,得到以下结论:严格执行抗震设计规范是保证建筑物抗震性能的主要前提;砌体结构应加强结构体系和抗震构造措施设计,并保证施工质量;框架结构应加强围护结构和填充墙与主体结构的抗震构造措施,并应改进"强柱弱梁"的设计;应进一步重视整体结构抗震概念设计;应充分考虑非结构构件的影响。     

通过某教学楼的结构设计浅析《建筑抗震设计规范》与GB50011-2010和GB50011-2001（2008版）的区别

近几年来,各地频发地震甚至超过设防烈度的强烈地震,为此我们付出了沉痛的代价。政府也高度重视这个问题：如何做好城乡抗震防灾建设,把震害带来的各种损失降到最低,2010年5月政府发布了新修订的《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011-2010）。通过对华侨大学音乐舞蹈学院教学楼的结构设计,探讨了修订后的新规范与旧规范的部分区别...     

浅谈多层砖混结构房屋的抗震设计

分析了改善砌体结构延性,提高房屋抗震性能的意义,提出了多层砖混房屋抗震设计应注意的几个方面,并进行了详细阐述,以全面保证建筑工程具备合理的抵抗地震的能力。     

美国建筑结构设计抗震规范的研究

论文对美国建筑规范IBC2006和建筑设计荷载规范ASCE7-10的建筑结构抗震设计条文进行了研究,理清了美国建筑结构的抗震设计思路,并对地震动参数、建筑场地类别、设计反应谱加速度参数、地震力计算方法、结构抗震体系和地震反应修正系数R等概念和取值进行了研究。     

基于能量抗震设计简介

基于能量抗震设计是以能量平衡为基础,通过结构的能量方程,分析地震能量输入、转化和耗散,从而控制能量转化途径。本文主要介绍了基于能量抗震设计中结构总输入能量、能量分配、阻尼耗能、滞回耗能的计算方法等。探讨了基于能量抗震设计方法存在的不足以及未来发展趋势。     

建筑结构抗震概念设计

由于地震的随机性和当代技术水平的限制,建筑抗震概念设计比抗震计算设计起着更为决定性的作用。文章详细介绍了建筑结构抗震概念设计的重要性和结构抗震概念设计的原则及主要内容。     

汶川地震后建筑结构抗震设计的几点思考

简要阐述了震后主要结构形式建筑物的震害特征,并从建筑体型要求,强柱弱梁,竖向地震破坏,构造要求以及学校、医院与农村建筑等方面进行了探讨和思考,对今后建筑结构抗震设计提出了一些建议,从而提高建筑物抗震性能。     

Application of earthquake‐induced collapse analysis in design optimization of a supertall building

In recent years, a combination of rapid construction of supertall buildings and frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes worldwide demands a rational seismic design method for structures of this kind. Although earthquake‐induced collapse analysis is one of the most efficient methods to quantify the collapse resistance of buildings, little research has been reported on using the collapse analysis to evaluate the seismic safety of supertall buildings during the design stage. To optimize the design taking into account earthquake‐induced collapses, a real‐world supertall building with a height greater than 500 m is investigated in this work. Throughout its design procedure, earthquake‐induced collapse analyses are performed to optimize the design at three different levels (i.e. the structural system level, design parameter level and component level). At the structural system level, the influence of different lateral force‐resisting systems on the collapse resistance is discussed; at the design parameter level, the influence of minimum base shear force is discussed; and at the component level, the influence of high‐performance shear wall on the collapse resistance is studied. Based on these discussions, the optimal design scheme of the building is established to improve the seismic safety while maintaining the cost of construction. Given more and more supertall buildings will be constructed with new structural system and components, this work will provide important references for the seismic design of supertall buildings and the corresponding collapse resistance research in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅探房屋建筑的结构概念设计

根据房屋建筑结构设计相关规范,结合地震情况,从场地选择、结构高宽比、结构平面及竖向布置、结构体系布置及结构构件等方面对结构抗震概念设计进行了探讨,以期设计抗震性能良好的建筑。     

Effect of vertical structural irregularity on seismic design of tall buildings

Many tall buildings are practically irregular as an entirely regular high‐rise building rarely exists. This study is thus devoted to assessing the approach and coefficients used in the seismic design of real‐life tall buildings with different vertical irregularity features. Five 50‐story buildings are selected and designed using finite element models and international building codes to represent the most common vertical irregularities of reinforced concrete tall buildings in regions of medium seismicity. Detailed fiber‐based simulation models are developed to assess the seismic response of the five benchmark buildings under the effect of 40 earthquake records representing far‐field and near‐source seismic scenarios. The results obtained from a large number of inelastic pushover and incremental dynamic analyses provide insights into the local and global seismic response of the reference structures and confirm the inferior local response of tall buildings with severe vertical irregularities. Due to the significant impacts of the severe irregularity types on the seismic response of tall buildings, the conservative code approach and coefficients are recommended for design. It is also concluded that although the design coefficients of buildings with moderate irregularities are adequately conservative, they can be revised to arrive at more consistent safety margins and cost‐effective designs.     

Towards an explicit design decision process: the case of the structural frame

Decisions made during the briefing and conceptual design stages of a building project are critical to its success. One of the earliest major decisions which can have a significant effect on downstream events and results is the selection of the structural frame. Given its importance to the efficacy of the finished building, the structural frame selection process should arguably be objective and transparent, the final decision being based on the frame's ability to perform against a range of criteria appropriate to the scheme in question. However, the heuristics underpinning such decisions tend not to be explicit and thus, are difficult for inexperienced clients to understand. This article reports on research which examined the criteria used by clients, structural engineers, architects and main contractors when selecting structural frames. These were established via a postal questionnaire survey of a stratified sample of design professionals, contractors and client organizations. The analysis reveals marked differences in the perceived importance of the criteria identified amongst the respondents, which may result in conflicts between design and construction advisers and their clients should they be made explicit in the design process. Nevertheless, it is important that such differences are revealed within the decision‐making process if more appropriate design decisions are to be made in the future.     

中国与日本在混凝土框架结构抗震设计中的比较分析

比较中国与日本在混凝土框架结构抗震设计的目标、方法、过程等方面的不同.抗震设计目标我国采用“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”的三水准设计目标,日本则要求“中震不坏,大震不倒”;抗震设计方法两国都分为两阶段,校核结构的应力和变形;抗震设计过程中,日本始终围绕“屈服结构”的概念,将塑性铰部位与非塑性铰部位分别设计,而我国对于同一构件是一次设计的。结合一个十四层,总高45m的混凝土框架结构,在构件尺寸、材料强度、设防烈度等前提条件尽量相同的基础上,比较了按中日规范分别设计的结果,发现在塑性铰部位日本配筋量和我国配筋量相近,在非塑性铰部位日本配筋量则明显大于我国的设计结果。给出了我国在设计中可借鉴的方面,以求进一步提高混凝土结构设计的安全度。     

Structural design of high‐rise buildings using steel‐framed modules: A case study in Hong Kong

Steel‐framed modular buildings afford certain advantages, such as rapid and high‐quality construction. However, although steel‐framed modules have been adopted in several countries, most of them are limited to low‐to‐medium‐rise structures; modular high‐rise buildings are rare. This study proposes a feasible structural design solution for high‐rise buildings using a steel‐framed modular system. A 31‐story student hostel building in Hong Kong is redesigned as a steel‐framed modular building and used as a case study. The finite element models of the building are formulated, and the structural behaviors under wind and earthquake load scenarios are compared. Moreover, the structural design process used for the 31‐story building is applied to design a hypothetical 40‐story modular building to further examine the proposed design solution. The numerical analysis results indicate that the roof lateral displacements and interstory drift ratios of the redesigned modular building are within the allowable limits of design codes; moreover, the modular connections behave elastically under the most adverse loading scenarios. Accordingly, the proposed solution can be used to design steel‐framed modular buildings of up to 40 stories, while complying with relevant wind and seismic codes.     

建筑隔震与分部设计法评述

房屋建筑采用隔震技术,可以显著降低建筑物的水平地震反应,实现更高的抗震目标。本文从工程设计的角度出发,结合《建筑抗震设计规范》中关于隔震设计的相关条款,对隔震建筑的减震原理、隔震技术应用范围、隔震设计基本要求、水平向减震系数和分部设计法等内容进行较为系统的论述,以期为设计人员把握隔震建筑设计脉络、掌握隔震设计方法提供帮...     

汶川地震都江堰地区建筑震害情况分析

结合5．12汶川大地震的震害实例分析都江堰地区建筑物的震害情况,证明规则合理的结构方案是建筑物具有良好抗震性能的首要保证;地震区的建筑应为延性结构,增强结构延性是提高建筑物抗震性能的重要措施;合适的概念设计和构造措施对提高结构的延性起着至关重要的作用。     

建筑抗震设计中的概念

就目前建筑抗震设计概念中常出现的专业术语 ,从地震到抗震 ,场地与地基及抗震设计三方面 ,进行了系统分析与比较 ,指出只有掌握和理解了这些术语 ,才能真正做到“概念设计”。     

超高层建筑结构方案的确立——某广场88层主楼的方案设计简介

超高层建筑的方案设计不同于一般建筑,它不可能仅限于建筑师的构思,相反,在很大程度上有赖于结构方案的可行。某广场88层主楼的方案设计过程中,结构工种与建筑工种的互为制约、互为渗透、逐步完善,最后形式了结构可行且合理、建筑适用且理想的方案雏形。两个工种之间的密切配合为超高层建筑方案设计阶段科学操作的必经程序提供了有益的启示。     

加强建筑抗震设计的重要性

从汶川地震中建筑物的倒塌现状出发,借鉴古代建筑的抗震经验及国外先进的抗震技术,阐述了古建筑的抗震机理,探讨了新型的抗震材料,指出当代建筑师应深入挖掘抗震设计方法,从而把震害降低到最小.