控制受限影响下不确定时滞系统的滑模控制

本文考虑不确定时滞系统的滑模控制问题,其中,系统的控制输入受到非线性限制(包括饱和、死区),同时,被控系统存在状态时滞和输入时滞。设计了一种新型的积分切换面,给出了该切换面上滑模动态渐近稳定的充分条件,同时,给出了控制输入受限情况下,滑模控制律的设计方法,并证明了所设计的滑模控制律能够保证状态轨迹在有限时间内被驱动到指定的切换面上。     

机械臂关节空间轨迹的神经网络滑模跟踪控制

为了提高机械臂对给定轨迹的跟踪精度且削弱滑模控制抖振问题,提出了基于RBF神经网络滑模控制的轨迹跟踪方法。建立了多连杆机械臂系统的运动学和动力学模型。首先忽略由建模误差和系统扰动产生的系统不确定项,建立了全局PID滑模控制器,设计了由等效控制律和切换控制律组成的全局滑模控制律;而后使用单隐含层RBF神经网络逼近系统不确定项,使用神经网络对不确定项的逼近值补偿建模误差和系统扰动,达到提高控制精度的目的。经仿真验证,在机械臂初始位置误差较大的情况下,神经网络滑模控制器的调节时间、超调量、驱动力矩抖振远小于全局PID滑模控制器,证明了神经网络滑模控制器在机械臂轨迹跟踪控制中的有效性。     

一类三阶非线性动态滑模变结构控制

针对动态滑模变结构控制策略,研究了一类带有参数不确定项的非线性系统的变结构控制问题.分析了在未知扰动下的三阶非线性系统的输出调节问题,证明了基于李亚普诺夫稳定性理论意义下的动态滑模变结构控制律的稳定性,该控制律能使系统快速达到滑模状态,保证了系统误差的快速收敛性及对外部扰动和参数不确定性的不敏感性,最后给出的仿真实例证实了理论分析结果的正确性.     

基于趋近律离散滑模控制的柔性梁振动抑制

研究了基于趋近律的离散滑模控制在智能柔性悬臂梁振动控制中的应用.以压电陶瓷为作动器,电阻应变片为传感器,采用有限元方法和模态截断技术建立结构动力学模型.由于柔性结构系统受到不确定外部扰动和量测噪声的影响以及参数的不确定性,滑模变结构控制可以实现滑动模态与系统的外干扰和参数摄动无关,即滑动模态的不变性.结构振动控制在系统状态由于外部干扰的影响偏离平衡状态,在控制器作用下能使系统趋于零状态.采用趋近律离散滑模控制方法设计状态调节器.由于状态量不能直接测量,故利用离散卡尔曼滤波技术构造状态估计器.采用试验模态测试方法得到结构的前4阶固有频率和阻尼比,与有限元方法的结果比较,说明该模型的正确性.使用dSPACE实时仿真系统和MATLAB/Simulink搭建控制系统,进行了振动主动控制试验.试验结果表明,所设计的控制器能有效抑制结构的振动响应.     

全桥逆变器的滑模控制器设计及仿真

分析了全桥型逆变器的滑模控制方案,包括:建立系统的变结构模型、选择滑模切换面和确定控制律、给出可到达条件及滑模存在区域等.着重讨论了滑模控制器设计中切换面系数和切换频率的选择原则,并在此基础上利用Matlab进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,该滑模控制全桥型逆变器的输出电压能够快速跟踪参考信号,并且表现出了较强的鲁棒性以及良好的动态特性.     

并联机器人的新型趋近率滑模控制研究

对一种驱动冗余四自由度并联机器人进行任务空间实时控制动力学滑模控制研究。基于所构建动力学模型,在任务空间内,提出并设计一种新型加权积分增益型指数趋近率滑模控制方法,利用滑动模态的形成,使控制系统对于不确定参数以及外界干扰具有良好的鲁棒性,同时,通过在趋近率的积分项中引入负的加权值,在保证并联机器人系统轨迹跟踪速度和精度的同时,有效降低起始阶段控制力的幅度并有效削弱输出驱动力的抖振。其次,利用Lyapunov函数,理论证明所设计控制律的稳定性。最后,利用MATLAB对所建立并联机器人动力学模型及所设计控制律进行仿真试验研究,通过与计算力矩控制、一般趋近率滑模控制进行仿真对比,其结果表明了所建立并联机器人动力学模型的实时可控性以及所设计控制方法的有效性。     

基于微分几何的离合器接合过程速度跟踪滑模控制

针对离合器控制系统中存在的非线性、外部干扰和参数不确定问题,提出了基于微分几何的离合器接合过程速度跟踪滑模控制方法。考虑系统参数的不确定性和外界干扰等不确定因素,建立了单个离合器起步动力学模型;基于微分几何的反馈线性化方法,得出系统的控制律;采用基于趋近律的滑模控制方法,设计了存在不确定干扰的离合器控制系统滑模控制器。利用Lyapunov理论对系统的稳定性进行了证明。仿真结果表明该控制器使离合器接合过程的速度跟踪精度高,且鲁棒性好。     

基于反演的机器人滑模变结构控制研究

基于滑模变结构控制理论,针对地面机器人这类非线性强耦合系统,提出了一种反演滑模变结构控制方法.该方法将复杂的非线性系统分解成不超过系统阶数的子系统,然后为每一个子系统设计李雅普洛夫函数和中间虚拟控制量,一直回推到整个系统,直到完成整个控制律的设计.最后利用所提出的方法设计了平面二自由度机器人的控制系统并进行了仿真,仿真结果表明该控制方法的有效性.     

差速驱动AGV建模和轨迹跟踪控制研究

针对应用于工厂物料运输的差速驱动AGV,在实际工作中轨迹跟踪控制将会受外界干扰等因素的影响,提出了一种自适应模糊滑模轨迹跟踪控制律.首先建立了差速驱动AGV的数学模型;然后针对AGV运动学模型设计了Backstep-ping方法控制律,得到虚拟控制速度;针对其动力学模型设计了以力矩为控制输入的自适应模糊滑模控制律,使得其能够对虚拟速度进行跟踪,其中利用模糊系统的万能逼近特性,逼近滑模控制器的切换部分来避免滑模控制的抖振现象;采用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析证明了控制系统的稳定性.最后仿真试验表明了所设计的控制律能有效的跟踪参考轨迹.     

《机械工程学报》被EI收录论文目次(2005年第1期)

免疫PID在液压位置伺服系统中的应用研究………………… 机械产品协同设计同步效率提升策略研究…………………… 基于Ackermann's formula的类反斜线回滞系统滑模控制…… 空间弹性变形构件的李群和李代数分析方法………………… 考虑共因失效的系统可靠性模型……………………………… 微尺度通道内混合物流动沸腾特性研究……………………… Fe3A1金属间化合物的有序度截留与力学性能………………一 点线啮合齿轮参数选择的封闭图……………………………… 基于遗传算法的ARMA模型定阶新技术……………………… 电液伺服阀动态相频特…     

Adaptive iterative learning control of a class of nonlinear time-delay systems with unknown backlash-like hysteresis input and control direction

This paper presents an adaptive iterative learning control scheme for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown time-varying delays and control direction preceded by unknown nonlinear backlash-like hysteresis. Boundary layer function is introduced to construct an auxiliary error variable, which relaxes the identical initial condition assumption of iterative learning control. For the controller design, integral Lyapunov function candidate is used, which avoids the possible singularity problem by introducing hyperbolic tangent funciton. After compensating for uncertainties with time-varying delays by combining appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii function with Young's inequality, an adaptive iterative learning control scheme is designed through neural approximation technique and Nussbaum function method. On the basis of the hyperbolic tangent function's characteristics, the system output is proved to converge to a small neighborhood of the desired trajectory by constructing Lyapunov-like composite energy function (CEF) in two cases, while keeping all the closed-loop signals bounded. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A novel practical control approach for rate independent hysteretic systems

A disturbance rejection based control approach, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), is proposed for hysteretic systems with unknown characteristics. It is an appealing alternative to hysteresis compensation because it does not require a detailed model of hysteresis, by treating the nonlinear hysteresis as a common disturbance and actively rejecting it. The stability characteristic of the ADRC is analyzed. It is shown that, in the face of the inherent dynamic uncertainties, the estimation and closed-loop tracking errors of ADRC are bounded, with their bounds monotonously decreasing with the observer and controller bandwidths, respectively. Simulation results on a typical hysteretic system further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Model reference adaptive control for a piezo-positioning system

Piezoelectric (PZT) actuators having the characteristic of infinitely small displacement resolution are popularly applied as actuators in precision positioning systems. Due to its nonlinear hysteresis effect, the tracking control accuracy of the precision positioning system is difficultly achieved. Hence, it is desirable to take hysteresis effect into consideration for improving the trajectory tracking performance. In this paper, a model reference adaptive control scheme based on hyperstability theory is developed for a moving stage system driven by a PZT actuator. It is worth emphasizing that the controller can be constructed without a nonlinear hysteresis dynamic equation to compensate the hysteresis effect. According to simulation results, the tracking error was only nanometer order. Through experimental examinations, the tracking performance was obtained as precision as ten nanometers order which is the resolution limitation of the measurement system. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control scheme was validated.     

Global adaptive control for uncertain nonaffine nonlinear hysteretic systems

In this paper, the global output tracking is investigated for a class of uncertain nonlinear hysteretic systems with nonaffine structures. By combining the solution properties of the hysteresis model with the novel backstepping approach, a robust adaptive control algorithm is developed without constructing a hysteresis inverse. The proposed control scheme is further modified to tackle the bounded disturbances by adaptively estimating their bounds. It is rigorously proven that the designed adaptive controllers can guarantee global stability of the closed-loop system. Two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

自适应光学系统中倾斜镜的自适应逆控制

为了克服自适应光学系统中倾斜镜的迟滞响应,提高响应的线性度,改善倾斜镜的控制精度,研究了倾斜镜的迟滞非线性效应。提出了一个基于频率相关的Mutified-Prandtl-Ishlinskii(MPI)模型的补偿方法来在线自适应逆补偿倾斜镜的迟滞非线性。结合反馈PID控制构成了自适应逆前馈复合控制方案,其中自适应逆前馈克服了由于频率等因素引起的迟滞曲线变化,反馈PID则改善了整体的控制性能。建立了倾斜镜二阶系统模型来估计倾斜镜系统的输出,解决了MPI模型参考信号的问题,避免了增加额外前馈传感器,保证了光能量的利用率。实验结果表明,倾斜镜系统15 Hz非线性迟滞率由原来的24.28%降为1.17%,线性度提高了约95%,控制精度较传统PID方法提高了约60%。该方法能够有效补偿倾斜镜的迟滞非线性,提高了自适应光学系统中倾斜镜的校正精度。     

基于Prandtl–Ishlinskii模型的超磁致伸缩驱动器实时磁滞补偿控制研究

针对超磁致伸缩驱动器(GMA)存在复杂的磁滞非线性易降低系统性能,导致系统不稳定的问题,建立了可以精确描述磁滞现象的模型并提出了合适的驱动控制方法。首先,基于Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)模型对GMA磁滞建模,并采用最小均方法(LMS)进行模型参数辨识,模型预测误差为0.037 9 μm。接着,通过对PI模型解析求逆进行实时补偿控制,从而有效减小磁滞误差,补偿控制误差为0.309 μm。实验结果证明,PI模型可以精确描述GMA磁滞现象,且具有计算简单,磁滞跟踪能力强的优点。基于该模型的实时磁滞补偿控制方法可以有效减小磁滞误差,提高GMA实时驱动定位控制精度,是实现GMA精密驱动控制的一种有效方法。     

磁流变测量系统的控制滞后与动态响应

磁流变系统的控制效果依赖于系统建模,因此对滞后与动态响应特性的建模尤为重要。通过分析磁流变系统受控制信号激励时各部分的滞后,得到了系统研究各部分动态行为的方法;通过施加直流加交流的激励,测试与研究了磁流变测量系统的动态响应特性。结果表明,无偏置简谐电流激励下电流-剪切应力关系为蝶形曲线,经分析可知其由响应滞后所致,而曲线光滑的上下沿分别由滞后和系统的非线性导致。最后,通过引入滞后时间较好地描述了各种情况下电流与剪切应力间的动态响应关系,其值为23.1 ms。     

挖掘机电液流量匹配控制系统特性分析

电液流量匹配控制系统采用电比例阀和电比例泵同步控制的方式,基本消除传统负载敏感系统中存在的泵滞后阀控现象,同时由于该系统无须进行压力闭环反馈控制,不用预设泵出口与最高负载之间的压力裕度,因此系统的动态性能和节能水平有很大的提高。以2 t挖掘机试验样机为研究对象,试验对比分析负载敏感系统和电液流量匹配控制系统的动态特性及能耗特性,设计阀前压力补偿型电液流量匹配控制系统的抗流量饱和控制器。试验表明,与负载敏感系统相比,电液流量匹配控制系统不仅弥补了负载敏感系统流量饱和时不能按比例分配流量的不足,而且泵与最高负载之间的压力裕度降低0.6～0.7 MPa,节能8%～10%,在提高系统动态性和节能性的同时,稳定性也得到明显增强。     

Note: creep character of piezoelectric actuator under switched capacitor charge pump control

A major deficiency in piezoelectric actuator performance is caused by hysteresis and creep effects. Switched capacitor charge pump control was previously proved to be an effective way to reduce hysteresis. In this work, creep character of a piezoelectric stack under charge pump control is investigated and modeled. Experiments show that the creep can be reduced by about 77% compared with the one under voltage control. The creep factor denoting the degree of creep shows hysteresis loops similar to displacement outputs under voltage control.     

Non-linear compensation and displacement control of the bias-rate-dependent hysteresis of a magnetostrictive actuator

Magnetostrictive actuators invariably exhibit bias-rate-dependent hysteresis, which could cause vibration and error in the micro-positioning control. We present a methodology for linearization control for the hysteresis of a magnetostrictive actuator with a wide range of input rates and biases. The hysteresis compensation is attained through application of a dynamic Bouc-Wen model and experimental measured hysteresis properties of the magnetostrictive actuator under inputs with different frequencies and biases. The effectiveness of the compensator for hysteresis is demonstrated through experimental results of the magnetostrictive actuator under inputs at different frequencies and bias levels. Based on the proposed compensator, a displacement PID controller is applied to force the output displacement of the magnetostrictive actuator to track the desired displacement accurately thereafter. The maximum absolute tracking errors is 0.052 μm. Compared to the control results without the compensator, the compensator can reduce the control error by about 85%. The results indicate that this study provides an effective method which can compensate the hysteresis of the magnetostrictive actuator under different frequencies and biases of inputs.