中国建筑施工企业国际化程度比较分析

至2007年我国共有51家建筑施工企业进入ENR统计国际市场前225名,总营业额达到226.78亿美元,占国际工程市场总值的7.31%。文章通过建筑企业国际营业额、国际收入比、企业国际业务分布、专业领域分布指标,并赋予不同权重,建立建筑企业国际化程度度量模型,对我国进入ENR的51家建筑企业的国际化程度进行评价并排序。经实证分析发现,有27家企业国际化程度总得分比按ENR的排名高,有21家排名比按ENR的排名低,3家排名不变,国际化程度最高的是中国交通建设集团有限公司;在地域分布上入选的51家公司有27家公司总部位于华北,占总数的52.9%,华东、华南次之;中国建筑施工企业与国外顶级建筑企业在国际化程度上的最大差距是国际营业额与国际收入比,因此增加该两项指标是提高企业国际化水平的关键所在。     

中国工程承包公司国际化指标体系研究

本文通过建立国际工程承包公司的业务分布、地区分布、专业分布指标体系,分析我国国际工程承包公司的国际化水平,并提出国际化强度概念,对我国进入国际工程承包225强的43家企业的国际化程度进行评估.     

2011年ENR国际承包商225强解析

美国《工程新闻纪录》(ENR)根据2010年国际承包商的营业收入,得到了2011年国际承包商225强和全球承包商225强的排名情况。本文介绍了2010年国际承包市场发展概况,并进行历史的纵向对比以及区域间的横向对比分析。中国大陆共有51家企业进入国际承包商225强,比上年减少3家,营业额增长了13.0%。中国建筑企业的海外承包市场仍局限于亚、非和中东市场,核心竞争力仍需进一步提升。     

Niche comparisons: toward a new approach for analysing competition and organizational performance in the international construction market

Over the past few decades, studies on competition and organizational performance in the international construction market have been prolific. Construction companies are founded, then grow, compete, evolve, and die in the international landscape, a common process from an ecological perspective. However, few studies have considered the international construction market from this perspective. Using niche theory, which was initially populated in the field of natural bio-ecology and then introduced to business management and economics, a NW/O-L (niche width/overlap and location) framework is established in this study. With this framework, the niche evolution of the top 225 international contractors is explored along two dimensions—product and geography. The effects of a proper niche on an international construction company’s performance are also investigated using the cluster analysis method. It was discovered that, despite fluctuations over time, the contractor’s niche is highly related to its performance in the international construction market. The most appropriate niche for international construction contractors is a wide niche width, with a small niche overlap and with its location near to the market centre with comparatively more market resources. However, only a few contractors can survive in this niche, as the majority of contractors are in a narrow niche width, with a comparatively large niche overlap and far from the market centre. Contractors which do not fit either of these two niches have proved to be poor performers in this study.     

解读2011 年度ENR 国际承包商225 强

对2011 年《工程新闻记录》评选的国际承包商225 强排行榜的情况进行了剖析,分析了入选企业的总体规模、效益情况和业务领域及地区分布情况。结合全球经济发展背景探讨2011 年ENR 国际承包商225 强的市场特征,着重关注了入选ENR 国际承包商225 强的中国内地承包商的总体情况。分析了近5 年内进入ENR 国际承包商前10 强公司的排名情况和市场分布情况,以及近5 年进入225 强排行榜的中国内地企业的相关情况。分析显示,在国际承包市场总体规模停滞的情况下,中国内地承包商的国际市场占有率逐步提高,国际影响力逐步扩大。     

Analysis of pre‐qualification criteria in contractor selection and their impacts on project success

While construction industry practices are reasonably well developed, construction projects still witness widespread failures of many contractors due to varied reasons such as financial problems, poor management, over‐commitment and or conflicts and disputes associated with construction activities. Pre‐qualification of contractors is a common practice across projects, yet the investigation on the ability of the selected contractors in successful delivery of projects is not widespread. In an attempt to understand these pre‐emptive qualification criteria and their links in contractors’ performance in projects, a total of 43 influencing technical attributes were identified through a systematic research approach. The relative significance and impacts of the attributes have been determined based on a structured questionnaire survey in selected construction projects. By performing the factor analysis, a total of seven factors significant to contractors’ performance were extracted, namely (1) soundness of business and workforce; (2) planning and control; (3) quality management; (4) past performance; (5) risk management; (6) organizational capability; and (7) commitment and dedication. Multiple linear regression models reveal that technical expertise, past success, time in business, work methods and working capital significantly impact on contractors’ performance across time, cost and quality success. With a clear understanding of a contractor’s performance, these findings could potentially contribute to development of a company’s procedures or enhance existing knowledge in relation to the pre‐qualification practices in contractor selection in projects.     

中国对外承包项目国际化程度对项目绩效影响研究

随着经济全球化的发展,中国对外承包项目的国际化能否真正提高项目绩效逐渐成为学界和业界关注的焦点。基于国际生产折衷理论,以承包商的视角,对98 个项目样本数据进行分析,结论表明中国对外承包项目的国际化程度对项目绩效的影响是正向的,且项目无形资产与内部结构的国际化对项目绩效的影响最大,其次分别是项目所在国环境认知度、项目有形资产国际化,最小的是项目国际化管理能力。同时,研究指出中国对外承包项目目前正处于中度国际化阶段,中国对外承包商若想进一步提高项目绩效,应当相应提高项目的国际化程度,尤其是注重项目无形资产的国际竞争力。     

Harvesting and Managing Knowledge in Construction

Foreign construction firms dominate the major projects in most developing countries as a result of deficiencies in indigenous construction capacity. A plethora of measures have been formulated and implemented to promote development of domestic contractors in these countries, but most attempts have achieved little success. This paper, arising from a larger study on management training needs of contractors in Nigeria, describes findings on constraints on indigenous contractors' performance in the Nigerian industry. Contractor-development programmes perceived as relevant and appropriate to improve their performance in the industry are also reported. The views of indigenous contractors and professionals were compared. There was a strong agreement between both groups on the major constraints in the industry and on the measures perceived as most important for the development of Nigerian contractors. Problems emanating from the business environment were generally perceived by both groups as the most severe constraints. Contractor-development programmes, perceived as very important by both groups, are also the measures required to ameliorate the most important constraints identified: obtaining interim payments, uncertainties in supplies and prices of materials, inadequate access to capital, plant and equipment. Contractor development is inevitably an integral part of a construction industry development programme, given the nature of constraints and development needs emphasized by both groups. The focus therefore should be on establishing a comprehensive programme for the development of the construction industry. More attention should be placed on contractor training to promote management development of trained construction professionals, now emerging as the new crop of construction entrepreneurs.     

大型承包商多元化经营及其对我国企业影响

国际大型承包商既是世界建筑业的领导者,也是我国大中型建筑企业的潜在竞争对手,研究了其多元化经营状况对于明确我国建筑企业多元化经营的动因具有重要的意义。文章从业务与市场两个方面对大型承包商多元化经营现状进行了分析,在此基础上,研究了大型承包商多元化经营的特征、发展趋势、以及对我国建筑企业的影响,阐明了国际大型承包商的多元化经营模式是我国建筑企业多元化经营的一个外在动因,同时对我国建筑企业的多元化经营提出了建议。     

承包商进入海外市场的决策研究

与当前“基于项目”的承包商对战略管理缺乏应有的关注相反,行业环境的快速变化使得承包商急需利用战略武器来应对来自国内、国际和全球的竞争。基于“AHP-Delphi法”的“海外市场进入决策”涵盖了一般只从事国内业务的承包商没有深入了解的但对海外扩张至关重要的众多因素,有助于承包商作出进入海外市场的决策。     

基于 EPC 总承包商视角的国际电建项目SWS-HE 管理体系研究

针对国际 EPC 电建工程模式下总承包商对项目 HSE 管理盲目和不系统的问题,基于总承包商视角分析了国际 EPC电建项目 HSE 管理的特点,界定了总承包商 HSE 管理的概念,解释了其内涵,并以我国安全生产标准化管理体系为核心,结合国际 HSE 管理的要求,建立了国际 EPC 模式下总承包商视角的 SWS-HE 管理体系,确定了在项目全周期过程中影响HSE 管理的 15 个一级指标和 110 个二级指标。同时,基于系统安全工程的思想,对戴明模型和霍尔三维机构模型进行整合,将管理过程、管理要素和管理参与者融入其中,构建了 SWS-HE 管理体系运行机制模型,实现了国际 EPC 模式下总承包商对项目 HSE 的全面、全过程、全员的动态提升管理和对危险有害因素的有效控制。并以工程实例说明了通过 SWS-HE 指标体系和运行机制的指导,能实现 EPC 总承包商对工程具体 HSE 管理工作的全面掌控。     

Estimation of international construction performance: analysis at the country level

The measurement or estimation of the degree of internationalization of multinational corporations (MNCs) remains lacking although many studies have been completed on MNCs in the construction industry. Dunning's Eclectic Paradigm suggests that the determinants of internationalization depends on the ownership (O), locational (L) and internalization (I) advantages of a firm. Another important factor relates to the involvement of a firm among specialized fields in the construction industry, i.e. the specialty (S) advantages. This paper proposes the OLI+S model for measuring/estimating the internationalization process of construction MNCs, according to nationalities, using the following ratios: O‐IRTR, L‐IBD, I‐OMS and S‐ISF. Major players in the international construction market were analysed using these ratios. The OLI+S model shows that construction MNCs from different nationalities demonstrated different patterns in the internationalization process depending on their business strategies, indigenous market situations, historical factors, etc. among others.     

To bid or not to bid: a parametric solution

One of the most important decisions that has to be made by construction companies/contractors is whether or not to bid for a new project when an invitation has been received. It would be of great help if a structured model could be developed that deals systematically with different bidding situations. A simple parametric solution for the ‘;bid/no bid’ decision is reported in this paper. This solution is based on the findings of six semi-structured interviews and a formal questionnaire through which 38 factors that affect the bid/no bid decision were identified and ranked according to their importance to contractors operating in Syria. Only the most influential factors were considered in the development process. The model was optimized using data about 162 real bidding situations. Then the optimized model was tested using another 20 real projects. It proved 85% accurate in simulating the actual decisions. Although, the proposed model is based on data from the Syrian construction industry it could be modified very easily to suit other countries.     

Developing and implementing environmental management systems for small and medium-sized construction enterprises

Environmental aspects are gradually becoming factors of importance for construction businesses, their operations and their management. These factors can be seen as new change makers for construction management itself. New criteria need to be taken into account when structuring construction activities, in decision making, and throughout the production control. Instances of construction management solutions that also encapsulate environmental aspects are likely to appear. A contractor’s environmental management system (EMS) is an example of such an instance. As a management solution an EMS is targeted at minimizing a contractor’s environmental impacts. An experiment has been carried out where an EMS solution was formed and tested for small and medium-sized contractors. Fifteen small and medium-sized construction companies were involved. Along with the action research approach, a set of workshops with company people were arranged for EMS structuring and for its testing. Within these experiments the researcher acted as a developer and inside observer. The proposed EMS solution presents the structuring of environmental aspects for management attention. Moreover, this structuring can be used as a basis for a formal environmentally conscious management system. All companies involved in the research have started to use the EMS solution or its parts.     

Making a risk-based bid decision for overseas construction projects

The globalization of international construction markets provides tremendous opportunities for contractors to expand into new foreign markets. However, entry decisions for international construction markets are very risky and more difficult than those for domestic markets, due to the wide variety of uncertainties and complexities associated with the international construction domain. This paper focuses on developing and testing a ‘risk-based go/no-go decision-making model’ for contractors who wish to expand into international construc5 tion markets. The go/no-go decision model applies the cross-impact analysis (CIA) method to assess the various uncertainties associated with international construction. This research draws significant findings regarding the benefits of this go/no-go decision model from experimental studies involving 56 participants.     

2007年度国际市场最大225家承包商市场分析

介绍美国《工程新闻纪录》周刊所做的2007年度国际市场225家最大承包商的排名情况并进行了分析和对比。2007年度225强承包商的国际市场营业额继续快速增长。进入225强的中国承包商有51家。在行业市场前10强排名上,中国承包商多点开花,体现了对外工程承包发展的多元化。     

2015 年度全球最大承包商及中国上榜公司解析

基于ENR 公布的2015 年度全球最大承包商数据,对全球250 强承包商的营业收入、业务范围、区域分布进行了分析;基于历史数据,针对近5 年全球最大承包商的区域经营情况,分析了2015 年度入榜中国内地公司的排名、上榜数量、业务收入情况;对近5 年全球10 强承包商和位于10 强的中国内地公司经营状况进行了分析。通过分析,对明年全球最大承包商的营业收入变化趋势进行预测,指出了中国内地承包商的优势和劣势。     

中国承包商国际化程度的一种评价指标体系

现有的企业国际化评价指标体系或因过于一般化不能反映工程承包商的特点,或因过于繁琐不适于大量企业的对比研究。作者提出一种包括海外收入系数、总收入系数、海外收入比、专业分布系数、业务国际化系数、组织国际化系数6项指标的承包商国际化程度评价指标体系,并用其对2006年入选《工程新闻纪录》(ENR)225强国际承包商的中国承包商进行了评价,对结果进行了分析。随后应用粗糙集理论与方法,对评价结果进行知识获取,得出结论:只需海外收入系数和业务国际化系数2个属性指标就可以有效区分评价对象;海外收入比虽然是判断企业国际化程度的重要指标,但对于企业的国际化指数却没有决定性的影响。对于中国承包商来说,增加海外经营收入和拓展业务地区范围是提高企业国际化程度的关键所在。     

2022年度ENR国际承包商250强榜单解读

美国《工程新闻记录》8月发布的国际工程承包商250强榜单,统计了250家国际工程承包企业在过去一年的业绩表现。以该榜单数据为基础,对榜单中企业基本情况、盈亏状态、专业技术人员雇用情况和业务领域及区域分布进行分析;针对榜单中的中国内地企业,统计了本年度榜单中企业数量、排名、区域及行业分布等方面的数据,对5年来榜单10强企业及中国内地企业的情况进行了分析。结合新冠疫情、经济发展预期等因素,对国际工程承包市场的现状和发展趋势进行了研判,提出了行业及企业面对的风险及挑战,并探讨了工程承包企业的对策,为工程承包企业参与海外市场竞争提供参考。     

Safety factors considered by industrial contractors in Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey, which was distributed among industrial contractors in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and formal interviews with the contractors’ officials responsible for construction safety. The intent of the survey was to gather data on those significant factors that influence the safety performance of industrial contractors. The sample survey consists of 28 companies that are involved with large volume of industrial construction activities in the Eastern Province. The paper identifies 20 main factors and 85 sub-factors and determines their level of importance based on the survey results and the analysis.