CIMS企业全局信息模型的建模技术

计算机集成制造系统的关键在于信息集成，建立ＣＩＭＳ企业全局信息模型是信息集成的基础。本文介绍了“ＯＯＣＩＭ－－建立ＣＩＭＳ企业全局信息模型的技术”课题及研究背景，论述了ＣＩＭＳ企业全局信息建模的技术，包括信息模型的表达方式及模型组成，全局信息模型的总体结构，建模的过程及其计算机辅助建建模环境等。     

立方A^4＋M^5＋2O7型化合物与新型负热膨胀材料

概述了立方Ａ＾４＋Ｍ＾５＋２Ｏ７型化合物的结构特点，讨论了ＡＶ２－ｘＰｘＯ７型（Ａ＝Ｚｒ或Ｈｆ；ｘ＝０．１～１．２）及其部分取代的Ａ＾４＋１－ｙＢ＾４＋ｙＶ２－ｘＰｘＯ７型（Ｂ＝Ｔｉ，Ｃｅ，Ｔｈ，Ｕ，Ｍｏ，Ｐｔ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｇｅ或Ｓｉ；ｙ＝０．１～０．４）和Ａ＾４＋１－ｙＣ＾１＋ｙＤ＾３＋ｙＶ２－ｘＰｘＯ７型（Ｃ为碱金属元素，Ｄ为稀土金属元素）材料的负热膨胀性能。     

AMT保护青铜的研究

采用电化学方法和ＸＰＳ、ＡＥＳ法研究５－氨基－２－巯基－１、３、４－噻二唑（ＡＭＴ）在青铜表面形成的保护膜。结果表明，ＡＭＴ溶液处理后的青铜试片在ｐＨ值为７的０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＳＯ４和５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中，其腐蚀过程受到了明显抑制，是由于ＡＭＴ在青铜表面形成Ｃｕ（Ｉ）ＡＭＴ络合物膜，其结构为Ｃｕ｜Ｃｕ２Ｏ｜Ｃｕ（Ｉ）ＡＭＴ。     

Pb（Mg1／2W1／2）O3—PbTiO3—PbZrO3l陶瓷的化学不均匀性和介电行为的…

研究了Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ１／２Ｗ１／２）Ｏ３－ＰｂＴｉＯ３－ＰｂＺｒＯ３陶瓷的化学不均匀性和介电行为。ＥＤＳ分析得到：体系中存在富Ｗ和富Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ的两相，平均分子式为：Ｉ相（富Ｗ相）：Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ０．２７０Ｗ０．３６７Ｚｒ０．１８２）Ｏ３．０９１；Ⅱ相（富Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ相）：Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ０．１０９Ｗ０．１８７Ｔｉ０．２０４Ｚｒ０．３４０）Ｏ２．７５８。两种居里点分别为：ＴＣＩ〈－６５℃，ＴＣＩ＝１０５℃，图像处理     

稀土含氮黄长石固溶体R2Si3-xAlxO3+xN4-x的X射线衍射研究

用热压和无压烧结工艺，在１７００～１８００℃制备了含氮稀土黄长石固溶体Ｒ２Ｓｉ３－ｘＡｌｘＯ３＋ｘＮ４－ｘ（Ｒ＝Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，ｘ＝０，０．３，０．６，１．０，１．２；Ｒ＝Ｄｙ，Ｙ，Ｘ＝０，０．３，０．６，１．０；Ｒ＝Ｙｂ，Ｘ＝０，０．３）利用Ｇｕｉｎｉｅｒ－Ｈａｅｇｇ照相法，光密度计在ＬＳ－１８和相应的程序系统（ＳＣＡＮ，ＳＣＡＮＰＩ和ＰＩＲＵＭ）给出了稀土黄长石的Ｘ射线衍射图谱，精密测定了具有不同     

(Ca,Mg)-α-Sialon的致密化,形成特性和显微结构

利用热压工艺制备了组份为（Ｃａ,Ｍｇ）ｘＳｉ１２－３ｘＡｌ３ｘＯｘＮ１６－ｘ（ｘ＝０．３、０．６、１．０和１．４）的（Ｃａ,Ｍｇ）－α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ。研究结果发现,当ｘ≥１．０时,材料的主晶相为α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ和含Ｍｇ的ＡｌＮＡ多型体。多型体的含量随ｘ值的增加而变大。以复合添加剂取代单一添加剂,不仅改善了α－Ａｉａｌｏｎ的烧结性能,ＴＥＭ和ＥＤＡＸ的结果还进一步表明添加的Ｃａ＾＋＋离子进入α－Ｓｉ     

最新DAC集成电路

日本ＮＰＣ公司最近推出型号为ＳＭ５８６６Ａ的芯片,它的特点是既能用于ＳＡＣＤ的,１比特ＤＳＤ格式,也能用于ＤＶＤ－Ａｕｄｉｏ的ＰＣＭ格式。由于ＳＡＣＤ和ＤＶＤ－Ａｕｄｉｏ两种格式,究竟是谁一统天下尚未见分晓,因此芯片生产厂家也脚踏两只船。ＳＭ５８６６的工作电压为４．５Ｖ－５．５Ｖ;工作温度－４０℃－８５℃;封装形式：２８脚ＳＯＰ,是一枚单声道的ＤＡＣ。其规格如下：适用于ＤＳＤ／ＳＡＣＤ和２４ｂｉｔＰＣＭ两种格式谐波失真ＴＨＤ＋Ｎ：ＤＳＤ模式／－１０９ｄＢ时,０．０００３６％２４ｂｉｔ;ＰＣＭ模式…     

过硫酸钾—脲氧化还原引发的甲基丙烯酸乙酯基三甲基氯化铵反…

研究了以ｓｐａｎ－８０为乳化剂和过硫酸钾－脲引发体系下，甲基丙烯酸乙酯基三甲基氯化铵反相乳液聚合的动力学，得出在「Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８」为１２．３－７３．８μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１．「ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２」ｏ为０－０．９５ｍｍｏｌＬ＾－１，乳化剂为４１．７５－６６．８０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１范围内的聚合速率表达式：Ｒｐ＾∞「ＤＭ．ＭＣ」＾１．７１「Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８」＾０．２８「ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２」＾０．０１「３」＾－１．１８，ＢＣ     

MOCVD热力学分析软件的开发

报导了最新开发的ＭＯＣＶＤ热力学分析软件－ＭＯＣＶＤＴＡ，它是一个采用目前比较 ＶＣＳ算法对ＭＯＣＶＤ的稳态系统进行单参数及双参数分析的软件。介绍了其功能，特点，使用方法以及适用条件，并且以Ａｓ－Ｈ系统及Ｇａ－Ａｓ－Ｃ－Ｈ系统为例进行了模拟，得到了很好的模拟结果。     

ISO/IEC16500《全世界兼容的端一端数字电视系统标准》

ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ１６５００：１９９９,通常称为ＤＡＶＩＣ１－３－１,是一个全世界兼容的端—端数字ＴＶ系统标准。该标准由ＤＡＶＩＣ（数字视听委员会）制定并由ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣＪＴＣ１ＰＡＳ交换投票批准作为国际标准。ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ１６５００标准的实施,多媒体生产厂家能获得更多的听众,载体能提供有效的传输,用户可通过天衣无缝的通路及时得到信息并进行通信。ＩＳＯ／ＩＥＣ１６５００对跨国的相互干扰的数字视听系统取得了端—端兼容性,除参照ＩＳＯ、ＩＥＣ、ＩＴＵ及ＡＮＳＩ标准外,它还参照了１８个组织的规范。目前,…     

Behavioural representation and simulation of design concepts for systematic conceptual design of mechatronic systems using Petri Nets

The systematic representation of design concepts is an important requirement for computational support during the conceptual design stage within the process of product development. Behavioural simulation of design concepts is used as a systematic representation framework, and behavioural representation is based on modelling and simulating the behaviour of a design artefact at the conceptual level to perform an overall function, leading to behaviour-based conceptual design. The behaviour-based conceptual design approach is critical for mechatronic systems since they require synergistic integration starting from the initial conceptual design phase. The present study is focused on behavioural representation and simulation of design concepts via discrete event system specification formalism and Petri Nets so as to contribute to systematic conceptual design in mechatronic systems. The paper introduces a representation framework for the behaviour-based conceptual design of mechatronic systems and its implementation on five selected case studies, among laboratory-level educational robots. In addition to Petri Net modelling and computer simulations, the implementation also includes physical simulations of the intended operational behaviours for educational robots on a distributed physical structure called the ‘desktop design model’. In this paper, implementation on one of these case studies, namely the ‘frog robot’, is presented in detail.     

Symbolic modelling and design methodology

Within the domain of design methodology, symbolic modelling exists as a means of organizing a design effort. Further, the use of symbolic modelling in engineering design leads to a proper demarcation between design and analysis. This use of symbolic modelling is illustrated through examples in normative and simulation modelling. The separation of modelling and analysis is shown to be an important principle in quality of design.     

The design and validation of a digital simulation model for job shop control decision making

A previous paper (Browne et al. 1981) identified the decision making problems associated with job shop control and presented an objective function for measuring its performance. Given that definition of job shop control and cost-based objective function, simulation modelling offers the best prospect of a solution of the problem of providing a management tool to aid in the decision making associated with job shop control. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the design of such a model. The model, written in the GASP fV simulation language and running on a CDC 7600 computer, is based on the job shop of a major machine tool manufacturer and has been validated against actual job shop performance.     

Distributed supply chain network modelling and simulation: integration of agent-based distributed simulation and improved SCOR model

Agent-based distributed simulation is an efficient methodology for modelling and analysing such complex adaptive systems as dynamic supply chain networks. However, it lacks an acceptable generic standard. Supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model is a cross-functional framework widely accepted as an industry standard. It provides the standard processes, performance metrics, best practices and associated software functionalities for modelling, evaluating and improving supply chain networks. However, it is a static tool. Integration of agent-based distributed simulation and SCOR model can exploit their advantages to form a generic methodology for modelling and simulation of a wide range of supply chain networks. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology for distributed supply chain network modelling and simulation by means of integration of agent-based distributed simulation and an improved SCOR model. The methodology contains two components: a hierarchical framework for modelling supply chain network based on the improved SCOR model and agent building blocks integrating the standard processes from the SCOR model. The hierarchical framework provides an approach for structure modelling in any level with different granularities based on the improved SCOR model, and allows rapidly mapping a supply chain network into the structure model of a multi-agent system; while agent building blocks are quite useful and convenient to fill the structure model to fulfil its function modelling. With the approach of structure modelling and function filling, not only can the process of agent-based supply chain network modelling be accelerated, but also the built models can be reused and expanded. Because the hierarchical framework is based on the conceptual framework of SCOR model and agent building blocks integrate the standard processes from SCOR model, the proposed methodology is more generic. In addition, the issues of sub-model synchronisation and data distribution management in the agent-based distributed simulation implementation are taken into consideration and the corresponding solutions for these issues are proposed. Finally, an example of a supply chain network is modelled and implemented to illustrate the proposed methodology and related solutions.     

Improving variable-fidelity modelling by exploring global design space and radial basis function networks for aerofoil design

The global variable-fidelity modelling (GVFM) method presented in this article extends the original variable-complexity modelling (VCM) algorithm that uses a low-fidelity and scaling function to approximate a high-fidelity function for efficiently solving design-optimization problems. GVFM uses the design of experiments to sample values of high- and low-fidelity functions to explore global design space and to initialize a scaling function using the radial basis function (RBF) network. This approach makes it possible to remove high-fidelity-gradient evaluation from the process, which makes GVFM more efficient than VCM for high-dimensional design problems. The proposed algorithm converges with 65% fewer high-fidelity function calls for a one-dimensional problem than VCM and approximately 80% fewer for a two-dimensional numerical problem. The GVFM method is applied for the design optimization of transonic and subsonic aerofoils. Both aerofoil design problems show design improvement with a reasonable number of high- and low-fidelity function evaluations.     

An adaptive sampling method for variable-fidelity surrogate models using improved hierarchical kriging

Variable-fidelity (VF) modelling methods have been widely used in complex engineering system design to mitigate the computational burden. Building a VF model generally includes two parts: design of experiments and metamodel construction. In this article, an adaptive sampling method based on improved hierarchical kriging (ASM-IHK) is proposed to refine the improved VF model. First, an improved hierarchical kriging model is developed as the metamodel, in which the low-fidelity model is varied through a polynomial response surface function to capture the characteristics of a high-fidelity model. Secondly, to reduce local approximation errors, an active learning strategy based on a sequential sampling method is introduced to make full use of the already required information on the current sampling points and to guide the sampling process of the high-fidelity model. Finally, two numerical examples and the modelling of the aerodynamic coefficient for an aircraft are provided to demonstrate the approximation capability of the proposed approach, as well as three other metamodelling methods and two sequential sampling methods. The results show that ASM-IHK provides a more accurate metamodel at the same simulation cost, which is very important in metamodel-based engineering design problems.     

Visual interactive simulation and artificial intelligence in design of flexible manufacturing systems

The design of flexible manufacturing systems is a complex decision-making process that typically involves the evaluation of a number of different design alternatives. The evaluation is often performed using modelling and simulation techniques. The role of visual interactive modelling and simulation in design of flexible manufacturing systems is discussed. The application of artificial intelligence techniques to implement a set of knowledge sources, used for accomplishment of various design activities, is described. An object-orientated implementation is used to illustrate the underlying concepts.     

基于扎根理论的明式家具造型组合规律提取

目的 推动当代中式家具在造型设计上对传统家具文化的继承与创新,促进传统家具与现代家具的融合发展。方法 运用了文献综述、扎根理论和统计学相结合的研究方法,收集大量与明式家具相关的绘画、书籍和期刊等资料信息,对其进行分类整理,再运用扎根理论三级编码的研究方法提取明式家具造型特征,最后运用统计分析方法提炼出明式桌案类家具的造型组合规律。结论 获取了包括腿部造型、足部造型、牙子造型、枨子造型、束腰造型和其他类造型共6大类明式家具造型元素,并提取到29组经典明式桌案类家具造型元素组合方式,以此倡议当代中式家具设计在借鉴明式家具的造型元素时,应遵循明式家具造型组合的规律,在保留经典特色的基础上推陈出新。     

Tools and equipment modelling for interactive assembling operating in a virtual environment

Tools and equipment (T&E) play an important role in the simulation of virtual assembly, especially in the assembly process simulation and plan. The interactive operation simulation of T&E is also a challenge for interactive assembly operation because of variety in function and complexity in structure and manipulation. Based on detailed analysis of interactive operations, the functional requirement for T&E is given. Then, a unified modelling method for information expression and function realisation of general T&E is represented, and the handling methods of some typical manual, semi-automatic, automatic T&E are discussed. Finally, the rear suspension and the front suspension assembly workplace operation simulation in the RA-750 car assembly line are introduced. The result shows that the modelling and handling methods are applicable in the interactive simulation of various T&E.     

Dynamic behavioural model for assessing impact of regeneration actions on system availability: Application to weapon systems

Mastering system availability all along the system life cycle is now a critical issue with regards to systems engineering. It is more true for military systems which operate in a battle context. Indeed as they must act in a hostile environment, they can become unavailable due to failures of or damage to the system. In both cases, system regeneration is required to restore its availability. Many approaches based on system modelling have been developed to assess availability. However, very few of them take battlefield damage into account and relevant methods for the model development are missing. In this paper, a modelling method for architecture of weapon system of systems that supports regeneration engineering is proposed. On the one hand, this method relies on a unified failure/damage approach to extend acknowledged availability models. It allows to integrate failures, damages, as well as the possibility of regeneration, into operational availability assessment. Architectures are modelled as a set of operational functions, supported by components that belong to platform (system). Modelling atoms (i.e. elementary units of modelling) for both the architecture components and functions are defined, based on state-space formalism. Monte Carlo method is used to estimate availability through simulation. Availability of the architecture is defined on the basis of the possible states of the required functions for a mission. The states of a function directly depend on the state of the corresponding components (i.e. the components that support the function). Aggregation rules define the state of the function knowing the states of each component. Aggregation is defined by means of combinatorial equations of the component states. The modelling approach is supported by means of stochastic activity network for the models simulation. Results are analysed in terms of graphs of availability for mission's days. Thus, given the simulation results, it is possible to plan combat missions based on criteria such as the number of platforms to be involved given functions required for the mission or the mean of regeneration to be deployed given the possible threats. Further, the simulation will help towards the design of improved architecture of system of systems which could focus on the factors affecting the availability.