菠菜参考物质中40种元素的中子活化分析

采用仪器中子活化分析和放射化学中子活化分析测定了菠菜参数物质（ＮＩＳＴ－１５７０ａ）中的４０种元素。其中纯仪器分析测定了Ａｇ、Ａｌ、Ｂａ、Ｂｒ、Ｃａ、Ｃｅ、Ｃｌ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｓ、Ｅｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｈｆ、Ｋ、Ｌａ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎａ、Ｎｉ、Ｒｂ、Ｒｅ、Ｓｂ、Ｓｃ、Ｓｅ、Ｓｒ、Ｔａ、Ｔｂ、Ｔｈ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ和Ｚｒ等３１种元素；采用三个简单的放射化学流程测定了另外９种元素：通过除去主要干扰核素＾８２Ｂｒ测定了Ｃｄ     

糖尿病大鼠组织中微量元素的仪器中子活化分析

使用链脲佐菌素诱导出大鼠的Ｉ型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）模型，以正常大鼠作对照。用仪器中子活化分析法测定了大鼠的肝、肾和胰腺组织中Ａｓ、Ｂｒ、Ｃａ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｌ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｈｇ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎａ、Ｒｂ、Ｓ、Ｓｅ和Ｚｎ等元素的含量。结果表明，ＩＤＤＭ大鼠模型的这３种组织中的一些微量元素含量发生了明显改变。并对这些元素含量发生变化的原因和意义作了讨论。     

用INAA法和ICP-MS法对蚯蚓样品作多元素测定比较

用仪器中子活化分析方法对６例蚯蚓样品进行了Ａｓ、Ｂａ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｈｇ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｂ、Ｓｅ和Ｚｎ的元素含量测定,并用等离子质谱分析方法和人发标准参考物质进行了比较和核对。结果表明,两种测定方法分析结果相符,大多数元素的相对偏差在±２０％以内。     

萃取分离—化学光谱法测定UF4中18种微量杂质元素

应用化学光谱法分析测定了ＵＦ４中的１８种微量杂质元素Ｌｉ、Ｎａ、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ、Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｖ、Ｐ、Ｎｉ、Ｂａ、Ｗ。测定的１８种杂质的质量分数范围为３．２８×１０－１０－１．３１×１０－６；精密度＜２０％；回收率９６．１％－１１１％。     

骨骼样品PIXE分析测定方法研究

简单介绍用内标法测定骨骼样品中微量元素的制样方法，特别是复合吸收片的方法，可克服主量元素Ｐ和Ｃａ对微量元素的影响，使骨骼样品的质子激发Ｘ荧光分析法（ＰＩＸＥ）能谱中微量元素Ｓ、Ｋ、Ｓｃ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ的能峰清晰、突出，为定量分析奠定了基础。微量元素Ｆｅ和Ｓｒ的相对规一含量在骨折愈合过程中分别呈鼓凸形和下凹形规则性变化。     

中子活化分析法作为标准物质元素定值权威方法的研究

中子活化分析全面参量化方法与传统的相对比较法相结合，初步满足了国际标准化组织对标准物质元素定值权威方法的定义。首次担子同中子活化分析法可作为ＲＭ一批元素定值的权威方法。对典型的地质、岩石圈环境有证标准物质ＣＲＭ的分析结果表明：Ａｌ，Ａｓ，Ｃｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｓ，Ｅｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｈｆ，Ｌａ，Ｌｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｎａ，ｒＢ，ｓＢ，ｓＣ，Ｔａ，Ｔｂ，Ｔｈ，Ｙｂ等２０种元素的的实验测定值与推荐值与误差范围符合得很好，     

乳腺癌和乳腺增生症患者头发中钙及其他微量元素的初步研究

用２３８Ｐｕ源激发Ｘ射线荧法测定３２例乳腺癌和１０５例乳腺增生症女性患者头发中Ｃａ及Ｓｒ，Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｔｉ等９种微量元素含量。与５５例正常成年女性头发中微量元素相比，发现乳腺增生症组中的Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ和Ｃａ含量显著下降（ｐ＜０．００１），其他元素无显著差异；乳腺增生症组中的Ｓｒ、Ｍｎ、和Ｃａ含量明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｚｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；乳腺增生症组中的Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ和Ｔｉ含量明显下降而（Ｐ＜０．０５－Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

地球化学标准参考物质港湾沉积物SRM1646均匀度之研究

利用仪器中子活化分析法研究了港湾沉积物ＳＲＭ１６４６中１３种元素（Ａｓ、Ｃｅ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｓ、Ｅｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｈｆ、Ｌａ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｃ、Ｓｍ和Ｔｈ）在５０μｇ至２０ｍｇ样品量范围内的分布均匀性，并计算了它们的取样常数。实验结果表明：元素分布的均匀度与元素本身的赋存状态及取样量有关。     

用计算机模式识别法和PIXE法研究人发中元素在食管癌诊断中的作用

用ＰＩＸＥ方法对华北地区的４１４例食管癌、食管上皮重度增生病人和正常人的头发样品中的１２种元素进行了测定。经过ｔ检验发现，癌症病人与正常人比较，１０种元素（Ｓｉ，Ｓ，Ｃａ，Ｃｒ，Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｒ）有显著差异；食管上皮重度增生病人和正常人比较，９种元素（Ｓｉ，Ｐ，Ｓ，Ｃａ，Ｃｒ，Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ）有显著差异，说明头发中微量元素的变化先于人体内食管的癌变。用计算机模式识别法对上     

股骨头松质骨中无机元素的PIXE分析

使用质子激发Ｘ射线荧光分析技术测定了５例正常人和７例股骨颈骨折患者股骨头松质骨中无机元素谱的分布。详细介绍了骨样品处理技术，建立了正确测定骨骼微量元素的定量方法。结果表明在对照组中元素Ｐ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｒ的含量高于病变组，统计检验表明有显著意义，而元素Ｓ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ在两组间无显著差异。对Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｓｒ、Ｃｕ等无机元素的生理功能进行了初步的讨论。     

DISTRIBUTION OF SOME ELEMENTS IN HUMAN HAIR AND ORGANS DETERMINED BY NAA

Twenty four male autopsies were obtained from Shanghai. The samples of liver, lung, kidney cortex, brain and scalp hair were collected from the autopsies. The elements As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, 8, Se and Zn were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The present study provides the elemental levels of different tissues for normal male adults. The distribution pattern of elements was discussed. Great difference on distribution of some elements in different tissues was observed.     

PIXE法分析棉酚对大鼠血清中微量元素的影响

PIXE(质子激发X射线发射)分析法适合分析生物医学样品中的微量元素。分析血清不仅取样方便和制靶容易,而且能观察某些疾病与血中微量元素异常的关系。 棉酚是我国发现的男性避孕药,具有肯定的抗生育作用。但也发现个别用药者出现肌无力等症。我们考虑到棉酚的副作用可能与它对人体内某些元素的影响有关。本实验用PIXE法分析大鼠血清中的微量元素,观察了醋酸棉酚对这些元素的影响。     

补碘和硒对克汀鼠红血球中的微量元素的影响

用克汀病流行病区的粮食喂养大鼠（克汀鼠）,分成4个组补硒、补碘、补碘同时补硒、和作为对照的低碘鼠,另取一正常对照组。补充5周后,用PIXE法和测量它们红血球的微量元素（K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cr、Cu、Zn、Rb、Pb等）。用放射性免疫法测定甲状腺激素指标（T3、T4、FT3、FT4、rT3等）。获得的数据用SPSS／PC单因素方差分析和相关检验。结果表明,低碘鼠补碘、硒或同时补碘硒后,Zn、Mn、Cu和Rb的含量变化以及甲状腺激素指标T4、FT4和rT3比低碘鼠显著地升高。     

Soil-to-Plant Transfer Factors of Stable Elements and Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (1) Upland Field Crops Collected in Japan

In long-term dose assessment models for radioactive waste disposal, an important exposure pathway to humans is via ingestion of contaminated foods. In order to obtain soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) of radionuclides under equilibrium conditions, naturally existing elements were measured as analogues of radionuclides. Crops grown in upland fields and associated soil samples were collected from 62 sampling sites throughout Japan. The total concentrations of 52 elements in the crops and 54 elements in the soil samples were measured. The TFs of 40 elements (Li, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Sn, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Pb, Th and U) were calculated on a dry weight basis.

Among all the TF data, K showed the highest TF with a geometric mean (GM) of 2.1, followed by P. The GMs of TFs for rare earth elements, Th and U were on the order of 10^?4. Most of the TF-GMs for green vegetables were higher than GMs of all crops for the elements. The obtained TFs of some elements for green vegetables and potatoes were compared with those in the technical report series-364 (TRS-364) compiled by IAEA in 1994. The TF-GMs were usually lower than the best estimates (expected values) listed in TRS-364; however, the GMs of TF for La and TF for Th observed for potatoes were slightly higher than the expected values.     

μPIXE for a μBrain: The vinegar fly’s brain, antenna, sensilla hairs and eye ion concentrations

The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster is used as model organism to study a variety of different scientific purposes. Thus, our laboratory studies the olfactory system by neurobiological experiments. These techniques are often disruptive and need to compensate or exchange the body fluid, the lymph, with an artificial Ringer’s solution in defined compartments of the fly. The solution mainly contains Na, Cl, K and Ca and is to keep physiological conditions. Therefore, the knowledge about the ion concentrations in the respective Drosophila lymph is required for a correct mixture of the ions.This paper presents the spatially resolved concentrations of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn in lyophilised head cryosections of Drosophila by using quantitative μPIXE at the ion beam facility LIPSION in Leipzig. The PIXE maps enable a detailed analysis of particular regions of interest down to a spatial resolution of 0.5 μm.We quantified the ion concentrations especially in the brain, the antenna and its sensilla hairs acting as the olfactory organ of the fly, in the compound eye and in the mouthparts. The averaged element concentrations of these main compartments are (in descending order): P: 90 mM, K: 81 mM, S: 38 mM, Cl: 18 mM, Ca: 4.9 mM, Fe: 1.4 mM, Zn: 1.2 mM, Cu: 0.06 mM. Certain structures or cavities possess a remarkably high concentration of particular elements and might reflect the different functions of the compartments. An example presented in more detail is the composition of the compound eye. Conclusively, our findings on the ion concentrations might be useful for the mixture of the Drosophila Ringer’s solution to ensure physiological conditions in experiments.     

家兔髂骨中无机元素浓度和血清生化参量的测定

培育家兔造成骨质疏松模型，用于研究妇女骨质疏松患者骨中无机元素的变化机理，使用中子活化分析技术测定３０例家兔髂骨中无机元素含量。结果表明，实验中Ｆ元素含量较对照组显著增高，Ｍｇ元素含量显著减少，而其它元素如Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｂａ、ｍＮ、Ｓｒ在两组之无显著差异。     

用扫描电镜与X射线能谱测定麦冬中的元素分布

使用扫描电镜与X射线能谱分析技术对川产麦冬的横切面各种组织结构进行了形态学观察,同时获得了被观察区域无机成分的定性和半定量分析结果。结果表明:麦冬横切面中含有Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Fe、Cu和Zn等无机成分,而且进一步了解到各种无机成分在麦冬各个不同结构部位的分布情况。     

我国环境标准参考物质——西藏土壤的仪器中子活化分析

本工作采用中子活化相对法和单比较器K_0值方法分析了我国环境标准参考物质——西藏土壤中的As、Ba、Ce、Co、Cr、Cs、Dy、Eu、Pe、Hf、K、La、Lu、Mn、Na、Nd、Rb、Se、Sm、Ta、Tb、Th、U、Yb和Zn等25种元素,其中U还用了缓发中子计数法。本工作给出的测定结果与西藏土壤最后确定的标准值或参考值符合得很好。为检验方法的可靠性,同时还对NBS-SRM-1633a、USGS-GXR-4及我国地球化探标准参考物质GSD-3作了分析,并给出了分析结果