弥散铜材料的高温本构方程

弥散铜是一种新型的粉末体电极材料，在加工制备过程中其变形行为会不同于致密体，针对粉末体材料的变形特性，提出了弥散铜的高温本构方程的数学模型，并通过大量的热模拟压缩实验，确定了该材料高温本构方程的具体形式。     

钢纤维砼的动态本构关系

在对钢纤维砼冲击动态力学实验研究的基础上，分析了砼材料动态力学行为的应变率敏感的事线性粘弹性和计及损伤的动态本构关系的力学模型和本构特性，从而给出了钢纤维砼的计及损伤演化的率型本构方程，理论预示与实验结果吻合良好。     

基于三剪统一强度理论的多晶冰软化本构模型研究及应用

随着全球气候变暖的进一步加剧,山地冰川与极地冰川正加速消退,造成冰川发生大规模崩塌、滑塌的频率逐渐增加,开展多晶冰本构模型研究对于开展冰川稳定性分析和冰川多场耦合模拟具有重要的意义。基于三剪统一强度理论,建立了能够反映多晶冰软化特性的弹塑性本构模型,利用多晶冰常规三轴剪切试验结果对提出的本构模型进行了验证,结果表明提出的本构模型能够很好的描述多晶冰的轴向应变-偏应力及轴向应变-体应变行为。推导出弹塑性本构模型的有限差分格式,并写入到Flac3d数值软件中,利用单个单元对写入的本构模型正确性进行了验证;开展了圆柱状多晶冰试样常规三轴压缩数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果以期为冰川的稳定性评价、冰川多场耦合研究提供理论及数值模拟基础。     

钢纤维砼的动态本构关系

在对钢纤维砼冲击动态力学实验研究的基础上,分析了砼材料动态力学行为的应变率敏感的非线性粘弹性和计及损伤的动态本构关系的力学模型和本构特性,从而给出了钢纤维砼的计及损伤演化的率型本构方程,理论预示与实验结果吻合良好。     

多晶铜和铝单轴棘轮行为的循环晶体塑性本构模拟

针对实验揭示的面心立方金属多晶紫铜和多晶纯铝的单轴棘轮行为演化特征,采用一种基于晶体塑性理论的循环多晶塑性本构模型,对这两种多晶金属材料的单轴棘轮行为进行了本构描述。采用的循环多晶塑性本构模型中使用了一种简单的显式尺度过渡法则。结果表明:该本构模型对两种材料的单轴棘轮行为及其应力幅值和平均应力依赖性给出了很好地理论描述;同时,还揭示了面心立方单晶棘轮行为对单晶晶向的强烈依赖性。     

纯铝（L2）高温本构方程的研究

有限元数值模拟技术应用于金属材料的加工过程，给深入研究金属成形过程提供了有力的理论工具，但其精确程度与材料本构方程的描述有极大的关系，材料的本构方程是描述材料成形信息的数学模型，它反映了的流动庆力与变形程度、１变形速度、变形的关系，因此，通过实验获取材料的本构方程是有限元数值模拟首要解决的问题，本文针对刚粘塑性材料提出了本构方程的数学模型，并在实验的基础咄了纯铝（Ｌ２）材料的本构方程的具体形式。     

织物悬垂系数随旋转速率变化的理论分析

分析了在织物伞式悬垂中悬垂样片切割出扇形三角形的弯曲力学性能，建立了本构方程。通过对本构方程的数学推导，打出了旋转速度对悬垂系数的影响规律，并经试验证实其合理性。在一定程度上提供了功述织物动态悬垂性能的理论基础和表达方法。     

预应力效应下计算复合材料动态力学参量的本构关系

本文在理论上提出了一个改进的微分算子形式的本构关系，模拟考虑在预应力条件下复合材料动态粘弹特征。在本文中我们讨论了本构方程中各参数的确定方法，并利用短切玻璃纤维毡在预应力作用下的实验结果进行了计算。     

Mg-9Gd-3Y合金热变形行为与本构关系

为了解决Mg-9Gd-3Y合金在热塑性变形过程中的本构关系问题,对Mg-9Gd-3Y合金进行了不同变形温度（653～753K）下采用不同应变速率（0.01～10s-1）的热压缩试验,利用载荷/位移数据建立真应力/真应变曲线和本构方程.结果表明：动态再结晶在晶界处较易发生,流变曲线显示出典型的动态再结晶特征,以及应力水平与变形温度和应变速率的关系.本构方程预测出的流变应力数据与相应的试验结果较一致.     

粘弹性材料本构关系研究

本文在粘弹性材料静态力学试验的基础上研究材料的粘弹性本构关系,提出了应用■义力学系统来分析材料力学性能的方法,推导了复域、时域和频域的粘弹性本构方程,■由频域粘弹性本构方程入手分析了粘弹性材料的阻尼损耗能。最后介绍了用于测试粘弹性材料动态特性的系统识别法及设计的微机测试系统。     

Study on the Dynamic Behavior of Tungsten Alloy at Strain Rates up to 5 000s^-1

The dynamic stress-strain curves of 93% tungsten (W) alloy in the forged state at strain rates up to 5 000s^-1 and in the temperature range from 223 K to 473 K were measured with the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique. Based on the above experimental data a dynamic constitutive equation considering the effects of strain rate, temperature and the special microstructure of such a kind of W-alloy was proposed. The numerical simulation for the experimental process with this constitutive equation was also carried out, the results show that the constitutive relationship constructed in this paper is very satisfactory for representing the dynamic responsive behavior of material.     

Viscoplastic Damage-Softening Constitutive Model for Concrete Subjected to Uniaxial Dynamic Compression

A new viscoplastic damage-softening constitutive model is presented.It is developed by integrating a Bodner-Partom viscoplastic model with a new damage evolution equation.A set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is formulated,and a Runge-Kutta integral method is used to get stress-strain curves given by the model.Also,stress-strain curves of a wide range of strain-rates for concrete were obtained by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests.By fitting the integral stressstrain curves to the experimental ones with the least square optimization method,we determined the material parameters in our model.Some properties of the new model,such as strain-rate sensitivity,damage evolution characteristics,strain-rate jump effects and unloading feature,are explored.These results show that our new model can describe dynamic behaviors of concrete very well,and our integrating-fitting-optimizing method to get material parameters is valid.     

V-5Cr-5Ti合金的动态压缩力学性能及本构关系

利用Hopkinson压杆技术对V-5Cr-5Ti合金动态压缩力学性能进行了实验测试,获得了不同应变率下V-5Cr-5Ti合金的压缩应力—应变曲线,结果显示V-5Cr-5Ti合金具有较强的应变率敏感性。根据实验结果,确定了描述V-5Cr-5Ti合金常温动态性能本构参数,并将实验结果与计算结果进行了比较,两者吻合较好。     

Damage constitutive model for strain-softening rock based on normal distribution and its parameter determination

Firstly, using the damage model for rock based on Lemaitre hypothesis about strain equivalence, a new technique for measuring strength of rock micro-cells by adopting the Mohr-Coulomb criterion was developed, and a statistical damage evolution equation was established based on the property that strength of micro-cells is consistent with normal distribution function, through discussing the characteristics of random distributions for strength of micro-cells, then a statistical damage constitutive model that can simulate the full process of rock strain softening under specific confining pressure was set up. Secondly, a new method to determine the model parameters which can be applied to the situations under different confining pressures was proposed, by deeply studying the relations between the model parameters and characteristic parameters of the full stress-strain curve under different confining pressures. Therefore, a unified statistical damage constitutive model for rock softening which can reflect the effect of different confining pressures was set up. This model makes the physical property of model parameters explicit, contains only conventional mechanical parameters, and leads its application more convenient. Finally, the rationality of this model and its parameters-determining method were identified via comparative analyses between theoretical and experimental curves.     

冻土粘弹塑性参数的测试方法

根据已有冻土试验资料,建立描述冻土粘弹塑性特征的本构模型,给出本构参数的确定方法。首先,推导本构模型的微分列式并根据不同加载条件求解微分方程。其次,设计不同加载条件的冻土试验,以测定应力应变曲线,或应力随时间、或应变随时间曲线。然后,根据以等应变率下的试验曲线为例研究讨论了在不同条件下确定本构参数的方法。包括:在等应变率加载条件下,根据应力应变曲线或应力时间曲线确定本构参数;在等应力加载条件下,根据应力应变曲线或应变时间曲线确定本构参数;在应变率为零时,利用松弛曲线确定本构参数;在应力率为零的条件下,利用蠕变曲线确定本构参数。     

筑坝料动力分析中的Bouc-Wen模型及其参数研究

Bouc-Wen光滑滞回模型因其能够描述动力荷载下的复杂非线性,广泛应用于材料的动力分析。为研究筑坝料在循环加载条件下动剪切模量和阻尼比以及累积变形等复杂动力特性,将Bouc-Wen模型应用于土体,绘制应力应变滞回圈并分析其模型参数;采用参数敏感性分析方法研究Bouc-Wen模型,并对动力试验数据进行数值模拟;讨论模型参数变化对土体应力应变滞回圈及动剪模量和阻尼比的影响。根据国内外筑坝料动力试验数据统计得到筑坝料模量衰减及阻尼比增长的均值曲线,应用MATLAB软件编制遗传算法程序确定模型参数;利用GDS动三轴仪探究糯扎渡土石坝的心墙掺砾土在循环荷载下的累积变形特性,并应用Bouc-Wen模型对循环三轴试验测得的应力应变滞回圈进行数值模拟。基于参数分析和数值拟合结果,本文提出适用于筑坝料的Bouc-Wen模型参数范围;筑坝料动剪模量衰减曲线和阻尼比增长曲线拟合结果均方误差小于0.4%;糯扎渡掺砾土循环三轴试验8个振动周期累积应变试验值与模型预测值分别为1.2%和1.18%。基于本文研究得到的模型参数范围,Bouc-Wen模型可以有效地模拟筑坝料动模量阻尼和累积变形特性,为筑坝料动力分析提供帮助。     

Creep testing and viscous behavior research on carbon constructional quality steel under high temperature

Creep tests under at a certain temperature and different stress levels were performed on two carbon constructional quality steels at a certain stress level and different temperatures,and their creep curves at high temperature were obtained based on analyzing the testing data.Taking 45 steel at a certain temperature and stress as the example,the integral creep constitutive equation and the differential stress-strain constitutive relationship were established based on the relevant rheological model,and the integral core function was also obtained.Simultaneously,the viscous coefficients denoting the viscous behavior in visco-plastic constitutive equation were determined by taking use of the creep testing data.Then the viscous coefficients of three carbon steels(20 steel,35 steel and 45 steel) were compared and analyzed.The results show that the viscosity is different due to different materials at the same temperature and stress.     

轻集料混凝土局部受压试验及动力本构分析

为探究轻集料混凝土单轴局部受压动力特性,采用试验机对轻集料混凝土单轴局部受压本构关系进行相关试验研究.考虑了5种不同加载应变率和4种不同加载面积,在位移控制下,得到轻集料混凝土单轴局部受压应力-应变曲线.根据应力-应变曲线特征点的峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量,分析不同加载应变率与加载面积对特征点的影响.同时根据混凝土黏弹塑性损伤本构模型,考虑不同加载应变率和加载面积的影响修正模型参数,并通过试验数据验证理论模型的合理性.研究结果表明:加载应变率和加载面积对轻集料混凝土应力-应变曲线影响明显;不同加载面积对轻集料混凝土弹性模量、峰值应力及峰值应变有较大影响;所提出的理论模型能够准确描述轻集料混凝土材料局部动力荷载作用下的应变率效应和非线性行为.     

冻融损伤混凝土重复受压本构关系

为研究冻融损伤对混凝土重复受压力学性能的影响,完成了两种强度等级混凝土试块的快速冻融及重复受压试验.结果表明,冻融损伤混凝土重复受压力学性能显著降低,动力本构特征曲线也发生改变,包络线及再加载曲线在峰值应力之前因存在明显压实效应而表现出下凹形态,卸载曲线应变滞后现象严重且曲线逐渐趋于重合.在试验研究基础上,探讨了冻融循环次数、混凝土强度等级与冻融后混凝土力学性能参数及本构模型参数之间的关系,建立了冻融损伤混凝土动力本构模型.